Unit5 Reading and Thinking 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新人教单元：选择性必修一

Unit5

(ReadingandThinking)词汇课堂1.devote由de-(表示强调)+vote(tovow发愿)构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”词块：devoteoneselfto,devote…to派生词：devoted,devotion2.shortageshort+-age词块：food/water/housingshortages,ashortageof3.tackle意为“处理/解决”时近义词为dealwith4.crisis词块：crisisofconfidence,energycrisis,financialcrisis5.boost基本义“使增长”6.convincecon-(表示强调)+vince(toconquer征服)→思想上征服→使信服词块：convincesbthat,convincesbtodosth,convincesbofsth7.characteristiccharacter(必修一U5)+-istic(形容词后缀)8.attainat-(=ad-,to去)+tain(totouch触摸)→去触摸→达到、得到；正式用语(比achieve正式)本单元词汇梳理9.assumptionassume(必修二U5)—assumption10.intensein-(入、向内)+tens(延伸)+-e→拉紧、绷紧→紧张的、激烈的；近义词：extreme派生词：intensity11.overcomeover-(在上、超过)+come(来到)，原义为“赶上；超过”，引申词义“战胜；克服

”词块：overcometheproblem/difficulty,beovercomewithsadness12.expandex-(out向外)+pand(tospread,stretch展开)→向外展开→扩展、扩大；派生词：expansion13.output合成词：out+put14.estimate词块：itisestimatedthat...15.domesticdom(house家)+-estic(形容词后缀)→家的→国内的16.consumptionconsume—consumption17.comprisecom-(together共同)+pris(toseize抓)+-e→全部抓在一起→包括；正式用语

(对应makeup)词块：becomprisedof(对应bemadeupof)18.generategener(birth出生)+-ate(tocause使)→使……出生→产生词块：generateelectricity；派生词：generation19.leisure词块：leisuretime/activities20.vision&envisionvis(tosee看)+-ion(名词后缀：表示行为或结果)

→视力隐喻：视力→大脑的“视力”→想象；远见卓识同根词：visit,visible,reviseen-(tomake使)+vision→envision21.realityreal+-ity；词块：inreality抽象名词具体化；词族：real,really,reality,realise,unreal22.saltysalt(盐)+-y(充满……的)重难点词精讲overcome搭配义estimate搭配义boost熟词生义devoteconvince一词多义搭配义vision&envision词根隐喻devote华特•迪士尼（WaltDisney，1901年12月5日—1966年12月15日），出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥，美国著名的动画大师、企业家、导演、制片人、编剧、配音演员、卡通设计者、举世闻名的迪士尼公司创始人。华特•迪士尼获得了56个奥斯卡奖提名和7个艾美奖，是世界上获得奥斯卡奖最多的人。一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。devotevt

把……用于；致力于；献身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.2016北京改Shedevoted

allherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto

献身于；致力于；专心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.2010四川devote词源解读devote由de-（表示强调）+-vote（tovow发愿）构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，基本义是“把……用于”。词汇拓展devoted

adj挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Herson,to

whomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionn

[U]献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.belostinfocusonbeabsorbedinbeinvolvedinbeengagedin写作同义异构：除了devoteoneselfto你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/致力于做某事”的表达？concentrateon自2013年初，adidas公司发布了UltraBoost系列跑鞋，boost就成为了最火的球鞋中底缓震科技。boost是一种发泡材料，柔软舒适且回弹迅速，让人在跑步时的每一次落地、蹬地都能感受到十足的弹性，就像被源源不断的能量推动着前进。而这一特点，恰恰与单词boost的本身含义密切相关。boostvt

使增长；使兴旺；促进：Each“like”boostsmyconfidence.Researcheshaveshownthatsmilingcanlowerbloodpressure,reducestressandboosthappiness.2009山东改Thenewresortareahasboostedtourism.n[C]［常用单数］增长；帮助；激励：agreat/tremendous/welcomeboost基本义：使增长convincevt

使确信；使信服tomakesb/yourselfbelievethatsthistrue：HowcanIconvinceyou?①convincesbofsth:You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.②convincesb+(that)从句：I’dconvincedmyselfthatIwasright.

说服

(persuade)：convincesbtodosth:IhopeIcanconvinceyoutostopbyandvisitusinNewYork.con-(表示强调)+vince(toconquer征服)→思想上征服→使信服(基本义)convincedadj

确信的；坚信的：Samnoddedbuthedidn’tlookconvinced.Iam

convincedofherinnocence.convincingadj

有说服力的；使人信服的：convincingevidence

【拓展】convince语义网络图使信服基本义convince使某人信服某事使某人信服他人的话去做某事使确信；使信服说服程度递进分词形容词用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Iampretty____________(convince)thatawisechoicemakesperfect.（2014上海）2.Thematchwaspostponedtothe____________(follow)Saturdaybecauseofbadweather.3.Aparkinglotisseenpackedwithtensofthousandsof____________(share)bikesbelongingtotheChinesebike-sharingfirmMobike.4.Theexpertexpectstheunemploymentfigurestoriseevenhigherinthe____________(come)months.5.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.Everyonehereis____________(will)tolendyouahand.（2014安徽）convinced很多动词的-ed形式和-ing形式已经成为独立词条，称作分词形容词。其中有一类分词形容词，如动词的___________形式表示主动关系；动词的___________形式表示被动关系。-ed-ingfollowingsharedcomingwilling

战胜；克服：overcometheenemy/thedifficultiesIfyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.

[常用于被动语态]

受到……的极大影响：Overcomebycuriosity,theboylookedoutthewindow.Herparentswereovercomewithgriefatthefuneral.overcome(overcame,overcome)vtovercome词源解读over-(在上、超过)+come(来到)，原义为“赶上；超过”，引申词义“战胜；克服”estimate

vt

[常用于被动语态]估计；估算；估价：①estimatesth(atsth):Theyestimatethecosttorepairat$800.2016天津改②beestimatedtobe/have:Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.③estimate/itisestimated+(that)从句：Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudentsarearound$8,450ayear.2013湖南ItisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!estimaten[C]估计；估算；估价：aconservative/roughestimate“itis+动词

-ed+that从句”结构根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.In2010,______________________________（据估算）about400villageshopsclosed.（2014

上海改）2._________________________（普遍认为）peopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.（2014重庆）(believe)3.____________________（人们常说）thejoyoftravellingisnotinarrivingatyourdestinationbutinthejourneyitself.（2008

江苏）4.____________________（据报道）aspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.（2015安徽改）5.____________________（一致同意）weshouldholdanothermeeting.itwasestimated/calculatedthatItisgenerallybelievedthatItisoftensaidthatItisreportedthatItis/wasagreedthatvision词源解读：vis(tosee看)+-ion

(名词后缀)→看的能力→视力同根词：

visit:vis(tosee看)+it(togo去)→去看→参观；拜访

visible:

vis(tosee看)+-ible(capableof可……的)

→看得见的revise:re-(again再)+vis(tosee看)+-e→再去看→复习visionn

[U]视力(sight)；视觉：havegood/poorvision

[C]想象；幻象apictureinyourimagination：

giveheravisionofherfuture2009上海

[U]远见卓识：amanofgreatvision.词汇拓展envisionvt［正式用语］展望；想象：YuanLongpingenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.人教新选必

-5改本单元隐喻典型词单词基本义比喻义grain谷物__________ear耳朵__________route路线__________remote偏僻的/偏远的__________barrier障碍物__________root根__________颗粒穗途径远亲的障碍根源1.Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.2010四川2.You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.3.Ifyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.4.ItisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!本单元金句汇总随堂检测devote一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Shedevotedherself

hercareer.2.Inreallifethestarofthefilmisa

(devote)husbandandfather.3.Her

(devote)tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.IfIbecomeateacher,Iwill

（全身心地投入）givingthemabettereducation.2.Hehas

（将一生奉献给）worldpeace.（2011陕西）

3.Themeetingwill

（用于）healthandsafetyissues.4.Tomsaidthathe

（深爱着）hisfamily.devotemyselftobedevotedtowasdevotedtodevotedhiswholelifetotodevoteddevotion写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thisnewtechniquewillboostfoodproduction. ________2.Thepublicationofthisbookboostmyconfidence. ________3.Weneedaholidaytoboostourspirits. ________4.Thiswillbeagreatboosttotheeconomy. ________5.Gettingthejobgavehimaterrific（极好的）boost. ________boost提高增强激发推动鼓舞convince一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Hemanagedtoconvincethejury（陪审团）

hisinnocence（清白）.2.I’vebeentryingtoconvincehim

(see)adoctor.3.Scientistsareconvinced

thepositiveeffectoflaughteronphysicalandmentalhealth.二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。It’suselesstryingto____________________________________________（使她相信自己不需要减肥）.of

toseeof

convinceherthatshedoesn’tneedtoloseanyweightovercome根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.要不是老师们的支持，我无法克服这个困难。（2017江苏）Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,_____________________________________________.2.她终于克服了上课时的羞怯。(manage)______________________________________________________3.她激动得难以自持，有好几分钟说不出话来。(emotion)_____________________________,shefoundherselfunabletospeakforafewminutes.IcouldnotovercomethedifficultyOvercome