《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-一、水稻螟虫绿色防控（双语）

一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer

一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer（一）发生及为害情况

OccurrenceandDamage

水稻螟虫俗名水稻钻心虫，国内危害水稻的螟虫主要包括二化螟、三化螟、大螟、还有部分稻区零星发生的褐边螟和台湾螟，均属鳞翅目。除大螟属夜蛾科外，其余４种均属螟蛾科。

Riceborer,alsoriceborerinsect,mainlyincludesricestemborer,yellowriceborer,pinkriceborer,andbrownedgeborerandTaiwanborerthatoccursporadicallyinsomericeregions,allbelongingtoLepidoptera.Exceptforpinkriceborer,whichbelongstoNoctuidae,theotherfourbelongtoPyralidae.

近年来重庆及四川等地多数稻区以杂交稻作一季中稻栽培后，二化螟成为优势种群，危害严重。自90年代以来，三化螟在一些双季稻和再生稻区，又有不同程度回升。

Inrecentyears,afterhybridriceiscultivatedasmid-seasonriceinmostriceregionsinChongqingandSichuan,ricestemborerhasbecomeadominantpopulation,causingseriousdamage.Sincethe1990s,theyellowriceborerhasreboundedtovaryingdegreesinsomedoublecroppingandratoonriceregions.

三化螟分布于亚洲热带至温带南部，在我国分布于北纬38°以南地区，特别是沿江、沿海平原地区受害严重。其食性单一，仅为害水稻和野生稻。YellowriceborerisdistributedfromthetropicstothesouthofthetemperatezoneinAsia,andinareassouthof38°NinChina,especiallyintheriversideandcoastalplains.Ithasasinglefeedinghabitandonlydamagesriceandwildrice.

二化螟在国内分布比较广泛，其食性为多食性，主要寄主有水稻、小麦、玉米、高粱、茭白等。RicestemboreriswidelydistributedinChina,anditispolyphagous.Itsmainhostsincluderice,wheat,corn,sorghum,andwaterbamboo.

大螟在我国尤以长江流域及附近稻区发生较多。大螟食性为多食性，其寄主除与二化螟近似外，还可为害棉花。PinkriceborerismorecommoninChina,especiallyintheYangtzeRiverbasinandnearbyriceregions.Itispolyphagous,anditshostissimilartothatofricestemborer,andcanalsodamagecotton.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer

水稻螟虫皆以幼虫蛀食水稻茎杆，在水稻苗期、分蘖期呈现枯心苗，孕穗、抽穗期造成枯孕穗和白穗，灌浆、乳熟期造成虫伤株，使秕粒增多，易风折倒伏。二化螟、大螟还可在叶鞘内蛀食，形成枯鞘。

Riceborerlarvaeeatricestems,presentingwitheredseedlingsintheseedlingstageandtilleringstageofrice,causingwitheredbootsandwhiteearsinthebootingandheadingstages,andcausingdamagetoplantsduringthefillingandmilk-ripeningstages,increasingthenumberofabortivegrainsandmakingthempronetowind-breakageandlodging.Ricestemborerandpinkriceborercanalsoboreandfeedintheleafsheathtoformwitheredsheaths.枯心苗Witheredseedlings白穗Whiteear一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer枯鞘Witheredsheath大螟为害状Damagesymptomsofpinkriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer三种稻螟虫形态特征

Morphologicalcharacteristicsofthreericeborers虫态Insectstages三化螟Yellowriceborer

二化螟Ricestemborer大螟Pinkriceborer虫态Imagoes体长8～13mm

Bodylength:8~13mm翅展18～28mm

Wingspan:18~28mm♀较大，淡黄色，前翅中央有一明显的小黑点，腹部末端有一束黄褐色绒毛；♂较小，淡灰褐色，除有上述黑点外，外缘有7～9个黑点，顶角至后缘有一条黑褐色斜纹。♀islarge,lightyellow,withobvioussmallblackspotsinthecenteroftheforewing,andabundleofyellowish-brownvillusattheendoftheabdomen.♂issmall,lightgrayish-brown,with7–9moreblackspotsontheouteredge,andadarkbrowntwillfromthetopcornertothetrailingedge.体长10～15mm

Bodylength:10~15mm翅展20～31mm

Wingspan:20~31mm灰黄褐色，♂较♀稍小，体色和翅色较深。前翅近长方形，♀前翅外缘有7个小黑点，♂前翅中央有一黑斑，下面有3个黑点。Itisgreyyellowish-brown,and♂issmallerthan♀,withdarkerbodyandwingcolor.Theforewingsarenearlyrectangular.♀has7smallblackspotsontheouteredgeofforewings.♂hasablackspotinthecenteroftheforewingand3blackspotsbelow.体长12～15mm

Bodylength:12~15mm翅展约30mm

Wingspan:about30mm体较肥大，♂较瘦小。淡灰褐色，前翅宽短近长方形，自翅基部向外缘有一条暗褐色纵纹，纵纹上下各有2个黑点。Itislargewhile♂issmall.Itislighttaupe,withwide,short,andsubrectangularforewings.Thereisadarkbrownlongitudinallinefromthewingbasetotheouteredge,withtwoblackspotsaboveandbelowthelongitudinallinerespectively（二）形态识别

MorphologicalRecognition一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer三化螟成虫Imagoofyellowriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer大螟成虫Imagoofpinkriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer卵Egg长椭圆形，每几十至一百多卵粒叠3层，密集成卵块，其上覆盖着褐色绒毛，像半粒发霉的大豆。Itislongoval.Dozensoformorethanahundredeggsarestackedinthreelayerstoformadenseeggmass,whichiscoveredwithbrownfluff,likehalfamoldysoybean.由多个椭圆形扁平的卵粒排列成鱼鳞状卵块，外覆胶质，初产时乳白色，后渐变为黄褐色，近孵化时为黑色。Multipleovalflateggsarearrangedintofishsquamouseggmasses,coveredwithcolloid.Theyaremilkywhiteatthebeginningofdelivery,thengraduallyturnyellowish-brown,andareblackwhentheyarenearlyhatched.卵扁圆球形，顶端稍凹，表面有放射状细隆线，常单层2～3行排列，初产时白色，后为褐色，孵化前为灰黑色。Theeggsareoblateandspherical,withaslightlyconcavetopandradialthincarinaonthesurface,oftenarrangedin2–3rowsinasinglelayer,whiteatthebeginning,brownafterwards,andgrayishblackbeforehatching.虫态Insectstage三化螟Yellowriceborer二化螟Ricestemborer大螟Pinkriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer二化螟卵块Eggmassofricestembore一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer幼虫Larva共4～5龄，初孵幼虫（蚁螟）灰黑色，胸腹部交接处有一白色环。老龄幼虫体长14～24mm，头淡黄褐色，身体淡黄绿色或黄白色，从3龄起，背中线清晰可见。腹足较退化。Ithas4~5instarsintotal.Thenewlyhatchedlarvae(antborer)aregrayishblack,withawhiteringatthejunctionofchestandabdomen.Theoldlarvaeare14–24mmlong,withayellowish-brownheadandayellowish-greenoryellowish-whitebody.Fromthe3rdinstar,themidlineofthebackisclearlyvisible.Gastropodsaredegenerated.6龄，老龄幼虫体长20～30mm，淡褐色，体背面有5条棕褐色纵线。腹足较发达。Sixthinstar,oldlarvaeare20-30mmlong,lightbrown,with5tanlongitudinallinesonthebackofthebody.Gastropodsaredeveloped.体肥壮，老龄幼虫体长约30mm，背面紫红色。腹足发达。Fat,oldlarvaeareabout30mmlong,andthebackispurplishred.Gastropodsaredeveloped.虫态Insectstage三化螟Yellowriceborer二化螟Ricestemborer大螟Pinkriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控三化螟幼虫及其在稻桩内越冬状Larvaeofyellowriceborerandtheiroverwinteringinricestubble白环Whitering一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer二化螟幼虫Larvaeofricestemborer5条棕褐色纵线5tanlongitudinallines一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer蛹Pupae长12～13mm，长圆筒形，蛹初为黄白色，后变黄绿色，褐色。后足特长，♀伸展达腹部第5～6腹节，♂伸展达第7～8腹节处。Itis12–13mmlongandlongcylindrical.Thepupaisyellowish-whiteatfirst,andthenturnsyellowish-greenandbrown.Thehindlegsareverylong,with♀extendingtothe5thto6thabdominalsegmentsand♂extendingtothe7thto8thabdominalsegments.长10～17mm，初为黄褐色，腹部背面可见5条棕色纵线，后期蛹变为红褐色，纵线渐消失；后足末端与翅芽等长。Itis10–17mmlong,yellowish-brownatfirst,with5brownlongitudinallinesonthebackoftheabdomen.Laterthepupaturnsreddish-brown,andthelongitudinallinesgraduallydisappear.Theendofthehindlegisaslongasthewingbuds.长13～18mm，粗壮，红褐色，胸部具灰白色粉状物，臀棘有3根钩棘。翅芽近端部在腹面有一段接合。Itis13–18mmlong,stout,reddish-brown,withagrayish-whitepowderysubstanceonthechestandthreehookspinesonthebuttockspine.Theproximalendsofthewingbudsarejoinedinasectionontheventralsurface.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer虫态Insectstage三化螟Yellowriceborer二化螟Ricestemborer大螟Pinkriceborer三化螟蛹Pupaofyellowriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer（三）发生规律

OccurrenceRegularity

（1）生活史与习性

Lifehistoryandhabits①三化螟在我国一年发生2～7代，在重庆、四川等地一年发生3～4代，在本地第一代盛蛾期为５月上旬前后，全年以第三代幼虫害最重，主要为害晚稻、迟中稻、再生稻、杂交稻秋制种田，造成枯心和白穗。

①Yellowriceborerproduces2–7generationsayearinChina,and3–4generationsayearinChongqing,Sichuan,etc.Thepeakperiodofthe1stgenerationofmothsinthelocalareaisaroundearlyMay.The3rdgenerationoflarvaeisthemostharmfulthroughouttheyear,mainlydamaginglaterice,latemiddlerice,ratoonrice,andhybridriceseedproductionfieldsinautumn,causingwitheredheartsandwhiteears.三化螟以老龄幼虫在稻桩内越冬。翌年气温回升到16℃时，开始化蛹羽化，螟蛾有强趋光性。雌蛾多选择在夜色浓绿及粗壮高大的稻株上产卵，卵块多产于叶片或叶鞘上。Yellowriceboreroverwintersinricestubbleasanoldlarva.Whenthetemperaturerisesto16°Cinthefollowingyear,thepupationbeginsandtheborermothhasstrongphototaxis.Femalesmostlylayeggsondarkgreenandstoutandtallriceplants,andeggmassesaremostlylaidonleavesorleafsheaths.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer为害特点：①取食茎杆，不取食含叶绿素的部分Damagecharacteristics:①Feedingonstems,notchlorophyll-containingparts②环状切断，形成“断环”

Ringcuttingtoforma"brokenring"幼虫钻入稻茎蛀食为害，在寄主分蘖时出现“枯心苗”，孕穗期、抽穗期形成“枯孕穗”或“白穗”。严重的颗粒无收。三化螟为害造成枯心苗，可见断面整齐，多可见到幼虫，其它叶片仍为青绿色。受害稻株蛀入孔小，孔外无虫粪，茎内有白色细粒虫粪，别于大螟、二化螟为害造成的枯心苗。

Thelarvaeenterthericestemandcausedamage,and"witheredseedlings"appearwhenthehosttillers,and"witheredboots"or"whiteears"areformedatthebootingstageandheadingstage.LeadingtocompleteyieldlossTheseedlingswitheredduetothedamageofyellowriceborerhaveneatvisiblesections,manylarvaecanbeseen,andotherleavesarestillgreen.Thedamagedriceplanthassmallboreholes,noinsectexcrementoutsidetheboreholes,andwhitefinegraininsectexcrementinsidethestems,whichisdifferentfromthewitheredseedlingscausedbypinkriceborerandricestemborer.

①三化螟

Yellowriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer

三化螟为害状Damagesymptomsofyellowriceborer一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer②二化螟

Ricestemborer

在我国一年发生1～5代，在重庆、四川一年发生2～3代，在重庆第一代盛蛾期在５月上旬，第二代盛蛾期在７月上中旬。第一代幼虫为害秧苗及早栽中稻，造成枯鞘、枯心；第二代为害杂交稻、迟中稻，造成白穗和虫伤株。

InChina,1–5generationsoccurinayear,and2–3generationsoccurinChongqingandSichuan.InChongqing,thepeakperiodofthe1stgenerationisinearlyMay,andthatofthe2ndgenerationisinearlyandmiddleJuly.The1stgenerationlarvaedamageseedlingsandearlymiddlerice,causingwitheredsheathandheart;the2ndgenerationlarvaedamagehybridriceandlatemiddlerice,causingwhiteearsandinsectdamagetoplants.

二化螟以4～6龄幼虫在稻桩、稻草中越冬，也有部分在其他寄主茎秆内或杂草丛中越冬。

Ricestemboreroverwintersas4th–6thinstarlarvaeinricestubbleandstraws,andsomeoverwinterinstemsorweedsofotherhosts.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer②二化螟

Ricestemborer

翌年气温回升到11℃时，末龄幼虫开始化蛹。二化螟蛾趋光性较弱，喜欢趋嫩绿。卵多产在叶面距叶尖3～6cm处。

Whenthetemperaturerisesto11°Cthenextyear,thelast-instarlarvaebegintopupate.Thericestemborermothhasweakphototaxisandprefersgreenandtenderleaves.Theeggsaremostlylaidontheleafsurface3–6cmfromtheleaftip.

蚁螟孵化后，先群集在叶鞘内为害，蛀食叶鞘组织，造成枯鞘。２龄开始分散转移，如遇水稻正在分蘖，则造成枯心苗；正在孕穗、抽穗，则造成枯孕穗、白穗和虫伤株。幼虫转株为害比三化螟频繁，各种被害株也成团出现。幼虫经6龄老熟，在稻株下部茎内或叶鞘内侧化蛹，通常距水面３cm左右。

Afterincubation,theantborerfirstclusterstodamageandboretheleafsheathtissue,resultinginwitheredsheath.The2ndinstarbeginstobedispersedandtransferred.Ifriceistillering,itwillcausewitheredseedlings;ifriceisbootingandheading,itwillcausewitheredboots,whiteearsandinsectdamagetoplants.Thedamageoflarvaltransplantsismorefrequentthanthatofyellowriceborer,andvariousdamagedplantsalsoappearinclusters.Afterthe6thinstar,thelarvaepupateinthelowerstemofthericeplantorinsidetheleafsheath,usuallyabout3cmfromthewatersurface.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer③大螟

Pinkriceborer

在本地年发生3～4代。以幼虫在稻桩及玉米、高梁、茭白等残株中或杂草根际越冬。老熟幼虫在翌年温度达10℃时开始化蛹

Threetofourgenerationsoccurlocallyeveryyear.Theyoverwinteraslarvaeinricestubble,corn,sorghum,waterbamboo,andotherresiduesorintherhizosphereofweeds.Maturelarvaebegintopupatewhenthetemperaturereaches10°Cthenextyear

成虫趋光性较三化螟和二化螟差，但趋黑光灯性较强，尤其喜好在杂交稻上产卵。卵多产于叶鞘内侧，以近田埂2m以内最多。

Thephototaxisofimagoesispoorerthanthatofyellowriceborerandricestemborer,buttheblacklighttendencyisstronger,especiallytheyliketolayeggsonhybridrice.Theeggsaremostlylaidontheinnersideoftheleafsheath,within2mofthenear-fieldridge.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer为害状DamageSymptoms三化螟Yellowriceborer二化螟Ricestemborer大螟Pinkriceborer枯心苗Witheredseedlings不形成枯鞘Nowitheredsheaths形成枯鞘Formationofwitheredsheath形成枯鞘Formationofwitheredsheath叶鞘内无虫粪Noinsectfecesinleafsheath叶鞘内有粒状虫粪Granularfecesinleafsheath叶鞘内有稀烂虫粪Sparsefecesinleafsheath断口齐平

Evenfracture断口不齐平Unevenfracture断口不齐平Unevenfracture白穗Whiteear茎外无虫粪，茎内粪粒较大而少，新鲜粪粒清白干爽Therearenoinsectfecesoutsidethestem,thefecespelletsinsidethestemarelargeandfew,andthefreshfecespelletsareclearanddry茎内外都有虫粪，粪粒较细而多，新鲜粪粒黄色，湿润Thereareinsectfecesinsideandoutsidethestem.Thefecesarefineandnumerous,andthefreshfecesareyellowandmoist.茎内外都有虫粪，粪粒多，新鲜虫粪黄褐色，稀烂似米糠浆Therearemanyfecesinsideandoutsidethestem,andthefreshfecesareyellowish-brownandsparselikericebranpulp.三种螟虫为害状比较ComparisonofDamageSymptomsofThreeBorers一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer（2）发生条件

Occurrenceconditions①气象因素

Meteorologicalfactors

温度对螟虫发生期的影响较大，湿度和雨量对稻螟发生量影响较大。Temperaturehasagreatimpactontheoccurrenceperiodofborer,whilehumidityandrainfallhaveagreatimpactontheoccurrenceamountofriceborer.②水稻品种

Ricevarieties

杂交稻茎粗、叶绿，根系发达，吸肥力强和稻株内营养丰富等生物学特点通常适于螟虫的发生，尤其适合二化螟和大螟的发生。Thebiologicalcharacteristicsofhybridrice,suchasthickstems,chlorophyll,developedrootsystem,strongfertilizerabsorptionandrichnutrientsinriceplants,areusuallysuitablefortheoccurrenceofborers,especiallyricestemborerandpinkriceborer.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer

例如近年来，三峡库区主要推广种植冈优系列、II优系列、D优系列、Q优系列、T优系列、蜀香系列、万香优系列、Y两优系列等品种，这些品种具有生长旺盛、茎秆粗壮、叶片宽大等特点，有利于二化螟钻蛀取食和生长发育。

Forexample,inrecentyears,ricevarietiessuchasGangyouseries,IIyouseries,Dyouseries,Qyouseries,Tyouseries,Shuxiangseries,WanxiangyouseriesandYliangyouseriesaremainlypromotedintheThreeGorgesReservoirArea.Thesevarietiesarecharacterizedbyvigorousgrowth,thickstemsandwideleaves,whichareconducivetotheborer'sfeeding,growthanddevelopment。一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer③耕作制度

Cultivationsystem

上世纪70年代以来，我国主要稻区水稻耕作制度发生了剧烈变化。具体表现在双季稻面积缩小，单季稻面积扩大，纯双季稻区出现混栽布局，作为稻螟食料的桥梁田增多，导致专食水稻的三化螟数量回升以致暴发。Sincethe1970s,thericefarmingsysteminChina'smainriceregionshaschangeddramatically.Specifically,theareaofdouble-croppingriceisreduced,theareaofsingle-croppingriceisexpanded,andthemixedplantinglayoutappearsinthepuredouble-croppingricearea.Thenumberof“bridgefields”usedasfoodforriceborerincreases,resultinginanoutbreakduetotherecoveryofyellowriceborersthateatexclusivelyrice.④天敌因素

Naturalenemies

稻螟的天敌很多，能在短期内一次能使稻螟死亡率高达90％以上，目前发现两种：一是螟虫越冬幼虫和蛹的病原微生物，二是螟虫卵期的稻螟赤眼蜂。

Riceborerhasmanynaturalenemies,whichcancauseamortalityrateashighas90%inashorttime.Atpresent,twokindsofriceborerarefound:oneisthepathogenicmicroorganismofoverwinteringlarvaeandpupaeofborer,andtheotheristrichogrammajaponicumattheeggstageofborer.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer（四）防治技术

ControlTechnique

1、农业防治

AgriculturalControl

（1）栽培避螟

尽量消除有利螟虫生存的“桥梁田”。同时合理种植生长期长短适宜的良种，适时栽插，合理管理，使螟虫的盛发期和水稻的分蘖期和孕穗期错开。

(1)Cultivation.Trytoeliminate"bridgefields"thatareconducivetothesurvivalofborers.Atthesametime,superiorvarietieswithasuitablegrowthperiodshouldbeplantedreasonably,plantedinduetime,andmanagedreasonablytostaggerthefullincidenceperiodofborersfromthetilleringstageandbootingstageofrice.

（2）消灭越冬虫源

水稻收割后，及时灌水，淹没稻桩，杀死越冬幼虫。各种田要尽量拣尽外露稻桩，次春羽化前灌水灭蛹，同时处理寄主稿秆。

(2)Eliminatethesourceofoverwinteringpests.Afterthericeisharvested,irrigateitintimetosubmergericestubbleandkilloverwinteringlarvae.Allkindsoffieldsshouldbepickedoutofexposedricestubbleasfaraspossible,andirrigatedtoeliminatepupaebeforeeclosioninthenextspring,andthehoststrawsshouldbetreatedatthesametime.一水稻螟虫绿色防控

I.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceBorer

2、物理防治

Physicalcontrol

采用频振式杀虫灯诱蛾。从4月下旬开始，在稻田中每隔150m左右安装1盏频振式杀虫灯。在每代螟虫化蛾期，每天晚上7时开灯，早晨7时关灯，可有效杀死螟蛾。

Frequency-vibrationpest