《中西文化比较（英文版）（第2版）》unit 11 The Chinese and Western Society

中西文化比较TheComparisonbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

Unit11TheChineseandWestern

SocietyBackground

ThereisavastdifferencebetweenChineseandWesternsociety.Westernersbelieveinachievingtheirgoalsofsuccessandhappinessthroughself-dedication,whereastheChinesehavebehavioralethicsandaredependentontheirinnerworldandperceptionsofeternalrecurrence.TheWesternapproachistosearchoutsideofoneselfandtheChineseprefertoadoptasystematicapproachandsearchwithinthemselves.TheWesternsocietybelievesinindividualism,whereastheChineseculturehasfaithincollectivismandconnectionswithothers.VocabularyExtensionTextA

Notes1.strata

n.

oneofthepartsorlayersintowhichsomethingisseparatedsingularform:stratumdatum—(pl.)data数据memorandum—(pl.)memoranda备忘录curriculum—(pl.)curricula课程①Wecametoknowthefactfromareportthatdrugshave

penetratedeverystratumofAmericansociety.

从一份报告中我们得知，毒品已经渗透到美国社会的

各个阶层。②

Thesamplingwhichhadrooteddowntoapoisonousstratumonthespotofitssowinghadbeentransplantedtoadeepersoil.一株被栽在有毒的土壤中的小树被移植到健康、肥沃的土

壤中。TextA

Notes2.gentry

n.

peopleofhighsocialclass,especiallyinthepast①InancientChinagentryclasspeopleenjoyedhighsocialstatusandcanbe

appointedincivilservicesofthecountry.在古代中国，士这个阶层的人享有较高的社会地位，也可以被任命到朝

中任职。②

EastHanDynastymarksanimportantstageofthedevelopmentofthat

PowerfulLordtransformeditselfintoGentry.

豪族向士族的转变是东汉时期社会变迁的一个重要历史事件。

TextA

Notes3.lineage

n.

themembersofaperson’sfamilywhoaredirectlyrelatedtothatpersonandwholivedalongtimebeforehimorher①ShemarriedanEnglishwhowassaidtobelongtoancientroyallineage.她嫁给了一个据说拥有皇室血统的英国人。②WeshouldbeproudofbeingapartofChineselineage.作为中华民族的一份子我们应为此感到骄傲自豪。TextA

Notes4.chariot

n.

atwo-wheeledvehiclethatwasinancienttimesforracingandfightingandwaspulledbyahorseorhorses①AsearlyasinXia,ShangandZhoudynasties,thechariotswereusedinwars.战车早在夏商周时期就被应用到战场上。②IfyouvisittheTerraCottaWarriorsyouwillgetaglimpseofanancientchariot.如果你去参观兵马俑，你将会看到古代战车的样子。TextA

Notes5.Neolithic

adj.relatingtotheperiodwhenhumansusedtoolsandweaponsmadeofstoneandhadjustdevelopedfarming①Theneolithic

period

issometimescalledthenew

stoneage.有时候新石器时代也被叫做

“thenewstoneage”.②Itisgenerallyrecognizedthattherearethreebasicfeaturesinthenewstone

age.First,peoplebegantomakeandusesharpenedstonetools.Second,

potterywasinvented.Third,theprimitivefarming,animalhusbandryand

handicraftappeared.

一般认为新石器时代有3个基本特征：1、开始制造和使用磨制石器；2、

发明了陶器；3、出现了原始农业、畜牧业和手工业。TextA

Notes6.livelihoodn.(thewaysomeoneearns)themoneypeopleneedtopayforfood,aplacetolive,clothing,etc.①Ihopethatwewillliveforaliferatherthanliveforalivelihood.

我希望我们能生活得有滋味，而不是为生计奔波。②Ifyouknowhowhardhemakeshislivelihood,youwillnotblamehim

forhisdecision.如果你知道他生活得是多么不易，你就不会责备他做了那样的决定了。TextA

Notes7.

constitutionn.

thesetofpoliticalprinciplesbywhichastateororganizationisgovernedespeciallyinrelationtotherightsofthepeopleitgoverns①ThefirstconstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasissuedin

1954.Theconstitutionineffectwasissuedin1982.中国的第一部宪法是1954年颁布的，现行宪法是1982年颁布的。②Britaindoesnothavewrittenconstitution.英国没有成文的宪法。TextA

Notes8.

obligation

n.

thefactthatyouareobligedtodosomethingobligev.toforcesomeonetodosomething,ortomakeitnecessaryforsomeonetodosomething①Itisyourlegalobligationtomakesurethatyourchildrenreceiveproper

education.确保子女接受适当的教育是你的法定义务。②Thelawobligesadultchildrentoprovidedecentlifefortheirparents，

whiletheelderlyneedscompanyandlovemore.法律规定成年子女有赡养父母的义务，而老爸老妈更需要关爱和陪伴。TextA

Notes9.economy

n.

thesystemoftradeandindustrybywhichthewealthofacountryismadeandused①Chinahasbecomethesecondlargesteconomyintheworld.中国已成为世界第二大经济体。②Tourismasthepillareconomycontributesalottothelocalfinance

bothinHainanandYunnanprovinces.不论在海南还是在云南省，旅游业都是支柱经济，为地方财政做出

了巨大贡献。TextA

Notes10.ideological

adj.basedonorrelatingtoaparticularsetofideasorbeliefs①Theremustbesomeideologicaldifferencesbetweenpeoplefrom

differentculturalbackgrounds.来自于不同文化背景的人必然有一些意识形态上的差异。②Heneverplayswiththemduetoideologicalreasons.由于意识形态的原因，他从来不与他们玩。TextA

KeySentences1.

Thelawestablishedrequirementsanddeadlinesforattaininguniversaleducationtailoredtolocalconditionsandguaranteedschool-agechildrentherighttoreceiveatleastnineyearsofeducation.tailorto适合①Youcanrestassuredwetailoranyof

ourproductstoyourcompany’sspecificneeds.

请放心，我们可以根据贵公司的特定需求定制产品。②Whateverpoliciesissuedshouldbetailoredtolocalconditionsandaimtoahealthier

andbetterlifeoftheresidents.不管出台什么政策都应该适应当地的情形，并且要令当地的居民获得更美好、健

康的生活。TextA

KeySentences2.Allmalecitizenswhohavereachedtheageofeighteenhaveanobligation

toenlistinthearmyregardlessofethnicbackground,occupation,familyhistory,religiousbeliefs,oreducation.regardlessof不考虑①Shemarriedaforeignerregardlessofherparents’opposition.②Thenewpolicywasputintoeffectregardlessofseveraldefectsnot

attended.③Thispositionisopentoall,regardlessofgenderandpreviousworking

experience.④Trytoliveahappyliferegardlessofhowstrongthewindisandhow

hardtheotherstreatyou.TextA

KeySentences3.

China,ineveryaspect,isnowmarchinginconfidentstridestowardstheSecondCentenaryGoalofbuildingagreatmodernsocialistcountry.inconfidentstrides迈开自信的步伐Onthisspecialoccasion,itismyhonortodeclareonbehalfofthePartyandthepeoplethatthroughthecontinuedeffortsofthewholePartyandtheentirenation,wehaverealizedthefirstcentenarygoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.ThismeansthatwehavebroughtaboutahistoricresolutiontotheproblemofabsolutepovertyinChina,andwearenowmarchinginconfidentstridestowardthesecondcentenarygoalofbuildingChinaintoagreatmodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.

在这里，我代表党和人民庄严宣告，经过全党全国各族人民持续奋斗，我们实现了第一个百年奋斗目标，在中华大地上全面建成了小康社会，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，正在意气风发向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标迈进。(选自习近平在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的讲话）TextAI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListsomebasicsocialvaluesinChinesesociety.Harmonymeansproperandbalancedcoordinationbetweenthingsandencompassesrationale,propriety,andcompatibility.Thevalueofharmonyadvocatesharmonybutnotuniformity.IndirectactionisatributetoConfucius,awaytopreserveharmony.Socialharmonyisachievedthroughmoralconducts,controllingemotions,avoidingconflictsevencompetition.Thus,inrelationshipsthingsaresuggested,nottoldstraightaway.Benevolence,thecorevalueofConfucianism,extendsfromtheimportanceoffamilialtiesandbloodconnections.Thisbenevolenceextendstofriendshipsandsocialrelationships,producingafullsetofvaluesthatincludejustice,courtesy,wisdom,honesty,loyalty,self-discipline,andcommitment.TextA2.

WriteashortpassageaboutthesocialstructureinancientChina.

SocialstructurewasveryimportantinancientChina.TheChinesebelievedinstrictsocialgroupsandpeoplewereexpectedtobehaveaccordingtotheirsocialposition.ThesocialclassesofancientChinacanbeclassifiedintofourmajorcategories.ThesewereShi,Nong,Gong,andShang.TextA3.

Whatistherelationshipbetweensocietyandcultureincomposition?

Cultureandsocietyareco-existent.Onedoesnotorcannotexistwithouttheother.Cultureandsocietymayhavesomecommonelementsbutthetwoarenotthesame—theyarenotidentical.Theessentialdifferenceisthatsocietyiscomposedofpeoplewhilecultureconsistsofknowledge,ideas,customs,traditions,folkways,beliefs,skills,institutions,organizations,andartifacts.TextAII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.

hierarchy

Ahierarchyisanorganizationalstructureinwhichitemsarerankedaccordingtolevelsofimportance.Mostgovernments,corporations,andorganizedreligionsarehierarchical.TextA2.ProjectHopeProjectHopeisaChinesepublicserviceprojectstartedonOctober30th,1989.Itaimstobringschoolingintopoverty-strickenruralareasofChinaandtohelpchildrenwhosefamiliesaretoopoortocompleteelementaryschooleducation.TextA3.Shi

ShireferstothegentryscholarsinancientZhouandShangdynasties.Earlierthesewerethepeoplewhowereknownfortheirwarriorskills,butlateron,peoplestartedrecognizingtheirknowledge,scholarship,andadministrationabilities.TextA4.NongNongwascomprisedofthepeasantandfarmers.AlthoughtheydidnotenjoytheprivilegesthattheShiclasswasgiven,farmerswereconsideredasthevaluablemembersofsociety.Thesewerelandholdersandwereresponsibleforproducingfoodandcropsforthemselvesandthesociety.TextA5.GongGongwascomposedofthecraftsmenandartisans.Thiswasalsoawealthyclassbutwasnotconsideredasagoodclassinthesocialstructureandhencewasnotgivenprivilegesandrightsascomparedtothehigherclasses.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.社会结构在中国古代处于重要地位。根据职业、住所等不同因素，人们被分至不同的社会阶层。每人的一言一行都要与他们的社会地位相符。1.SocialstructurewasveryimportantinancientChina.Chinesepeopledividedthemselvesintodifferentsocialclassesaccordingtomanydifferentfactorslikeoccupationsandhabitations.Theywereexpectedtobehaveaccordingtotheirsocialpositions.TextA2.中国古代的社会阶级分为四类：士农工商。这一等级划分按照不同阶层的重要性而排列。等级越高，责任越大，社会价值越大；等级越低，社会价值越小。2.ThesocialclassesofancientChinacanbeclassifiedintofourmajorcategories:Shi,Nong,Gong,andShang.TheChinesesocialhierarchywasdesignedinorderoftheimportanceoftheparticularclassesforthesociety.Thehigherranksexhibitedmoreresponsibilitiesandvaluetowardsthesocietyandthelowerranksexhibitedrelativelylessvaluetowardsthesociety.TextB

Notes1.voluntary

adj.

done,made,orgivenwillingly,withoutbeingforcedorpaidtodoitvolunteern./v.

a

voluntaryworker①OurschoolmadeMarch5asourVoluntaryWorkers’Day.Manystudents

participatedtheactivities.我们学校把3月5日定为我们自己的自愿者日。很多同学都参加了活动。②IvolunteeredmyselffortheroleofatreeintheplaySnowWhiteandthe

SevenDwarfs.我自告奋勇要在《白雪公主和七个小矮人》这部剧中扮演一棵树。TextB

Notes2.attendancen.

①thefactofgoingsomewhere

suchasachurch,school,etc.

regularly②thenumberofpeoplewhogo

toanevent,meeting,etc.①Hewasfiredbecauseofhispoorattendanceinthelastthreemonths.由于过去三个月他很少去上班，所以被辞退了。②Theattendancesatlecturesdroppedsharply,becausemanystudentsfoundit

toodifficultandquittedit.听讲座的人数急剧下降，因为很多同学发现课程太难了，就放弃了。TextB

Notes3.compulsory

adj.

somethingmustbedonebecauseofaruleorlaw①Itiscompulsorytoweartheseatbeltwhiledriving

accordingtothe

trafficlaw.Thesignonthehighway“Clickit,orticket”isa

wonderfulwaytoremindthedriverstoabidebythelaw.交通法规定司机驾驶汽车时必须系安全带。高速公路上的标识

“系好安全带，否则罚单来”就能很好地提醒司机们遵守交通法规。②HegotallAsforthecompulsorycourses.

所有的必修课他都是优秀。

TextB

Notes4.meritocraticadj.relatingtoasocialsysteminwhichpeople’ssuccessorpowerisrelatedtotheirabilities①Wearebuildingamoreopen，moretolerateandmoremeritocraticcompany

culture.

我们正在建设一种更加开放、更加包容、更加唯才是用的企业文化。②Amodern,

meritocratic

educationsystemneedstobemuchmoreflexibleand

agiletorespondtotheneedsofeverychild.一个现代的精英教育体系应该更加灵活，能应对每个孩子的需求。TextB

Notes5.all-round

adj.usedtosaythatapersonhasmanydifferenttypesofskillsandabilitiesJane:Howdoyoulikeyourschool?David:Idonotlikeitatall.Jane:Why?David:Bothteachersandstudentsfocusonscorestoomuch,ratherthananall-roundwayofdevelopment.Jane:Pooryou!TextB

Notes6.

cricketn.asportinwhichtwoteamsofelevenplayerstrytogetpointsbyhittingasmall,hardballwithabat,andrunningbetweentwosetsofsmallwoodenposts①TheEnglandcricketteamiscurrentlythefirstpositioninthetournament.

英国板球队目前处于锦标赛的第一名的位置。②Heisaprofessionalcricketplayer.

他是一名职业板球运动员。TextB

Notes7.rugby

n.asportwheretwoteamstrytoscorepointsbycarryinganovalballacrossaparticularlineorkickingitoverandbetweenanH-shapedsetofposts①Theoldmanstoodonthetouchlinethewholemorningwatchingtheboysplay

rugby.

这位老爷爷整个上午都站在场边观看男孩子们玩橄榄球。②Itisnotacommonpracticeforrugbyplayerstoquestionthereferee’sdecisions.

橄榄球运动员通常不会质疑裁判的判决。TextB

Notes8.codify

v.

toarrangesomething,suchaslawsorrules,intoasystem①Aswebuilttheteam,werealizedthatweneedtocodifythecharacteristics

thatwewantedtheteamtoembody.

当我们建设这个团队的时候，我们意识到要将团队的特色体系化。②Thefirstthingweneedtoknowistocodifyfeasiblebudgetarytargetsfor

thisyear.

我们需要完成的第一件事就是编制可行的本年的预算目标。TextB

Notes9.vein

n.atubethatcarriesbloodtotheheartfromtheotherpartsofthebody①IsawsomebodybuildersonTV,whoaresooverdevelopedthattheveinsin

theirbulgingmusclesareclearlyseen.

我在电视上看到一些健身运动员，他们练得过头了，在高高鼓起的肌肉

下血管清晰可见。②Thewisdomindoingbusinessrunsineveryveinofthisfamily.

做生意的智慧在这个家族每个人的身上流淌。TextB

Notes10.tournament

n.

acompetitionforteamsorsingleplayersinwhichaseriesofgamesisplayed,andthewinnersofeachgameplayagainsteachotheruntilonlyonewinnerisleft①Withoutandanxietyandworry,hesaidthatifhewillnotbe

defeatedinthefirstroundofthetournament,hewins.他云淡风轻地说，只要第一场不被打败，他就算赢了。②ThefigureskatingtournamentwhichwillstartfromJune6will

beavisualfeast.即将从六月六号开始的花样滑冰锦标赛将是一场视觉盛宴。

TextB

KeySentences1.Grammarschoolsaregenerallymoreacademic,whilethesecondarymodernschoolsaremorevocational.vocational职业的①Somestudentssupporttheideathattheyshouldgetsomevocationaleducation

beforegraduatingfromcollege.

②

Somepeoplehavethestereotypethatvocationalschoolsareforthosestudents

whocannotlearnwell.

TextB

KeySentences2.

Itwasherethattheconceptsofsportsmanshipandfairplaywerefirstcodifiedintoclearrulesandregulations.Itwasherethatsportwasincludedasaneducationaltoolintheschoolcurriculum.”.sportsmanship体育精神Sportsmanshipandfairplayhavealwaysbeendevelopedandexpanded.becodifiedinto被编入Thenewgovernmentpromisedtocodifythelaws，whichisquiteinspiring.TextB

KeySentences3.RugbyisplayedthroughouttheUK.AlthoughfootballseemstorunineveryEnglishvein,therearealsoalotofsportsthatflourishintheUK.flourish繁荣，茁壮成长Jane：Jack,whichseasonisyourfavorite?Jack：Summer.Jane：Whyissummer?Jack：Ilovethescenethatgrassesandflowersare

flourishing.AndIcanhavewatermelonsoften.TextBI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.NamesomecelebritiesinWesternsociety.

TextB2.WriteashortpassageaboutoneortwoWesternhistoricalperiodsthatarefamousforgreatsocialdevelopments.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasatransformationofhumanlifecircumstancesthatoccurredinthelate18thandearly19thcenturiesinBritain,theUnitedStates,andWesternEuropedueinlargemeasuretoadvancesinthetechnologiesofindustry.Inthe1920s,theUnitedStateswentthroughaperiodofextremesocialchange.Asthepost-WorldWarIeconomyboomed,massconsumerismchangedthewaypeoplelivedandmademanufacturedgoodsavailableacrosstheclasses.Asincomedisparityincreased,thegreatdividebetweentherichandthepoorignitedthelabordebate.TextB3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocialbeliefsandethics?Westernersbelieveinself-dedicationtoachievetheirgoalsofsuccessandhappiness,whereasChinesehavebehavioralethicsandaredependentontheirinnerworldandperceptionsofeternalrecurrence.TheWesternapproachistosearchoutsideofoneselfandtheChineseprefertoadoptasystematicapproachandsearchwithinthemselves.TextBII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.academicallycapable

Academicallycapableisrelatedtostudyingandthinking,notpracticalskills.Ifapersonisacademicallycapable,itmeansthatthepersonisveryquickandableinlearningandfindingwaysinsolvingproblemsrelatedtoacertainfieldoflearning.TextB2.nationalcurriculum

ThenationalCurriculumisthecourseofstudythatmostschoolpupilsinEnglandandWalesaremeanttofollow.Itprovidesaframeworkforeducationandspecifiesthefoundationsubjectsthatschoolsshouldprovideandpupilsareassessedaccordingtospecifiedattainmenttargetsthroughouteachofthekeystages.TextB3.all-roundeducation

All-roundeducationreferstoaneducationsystemthatwillfostercitizenswithanall-roundmoral,intellectual,physical,andaestheticgrounding.Itemphasizeselevatingintellectualgroundingleveltodevelopthecognitiveabilityandstimulatethesenseofinnovationofthestudents.TextB4.vocational

Vocationalisrelatedtoavocationoroccupation.Ifsometrainingisvocational,itmeansthattheprogramorcoursesprovidepracticalknowledgeorexperienceinaparticularoccupationfield,asagriculture,homeeconomics,orindustry.TextB5.thePremierLeague

ThePremierLeagueisaprivatecompanywhollyownedbyits20MemberClubswhomakeuptheLeagueatanyonetime.Eachindividualclubisindependent,workingwithintherulesoffootball,asdefinedbythePremierLeague,TheFA,UEFA,andFIFA,aswellasbeingsubjecttoEnglishandEuropeanlaw.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Fromaculturalandsociologicalapproach,theWesternsocietyisdefinedasincludingallculturesthataredirectlyderivedfromandinfluencedbyEuropeancultures:Europe,America,andOceania.TogetherthesecountriesconstituteWesternsociety.1.从文化和社会学角度看，西方社会指所有源自或受欧洲文化影响的社会，包括欧洲国家、美国和大洋洲国家。这些国家共同组成了西方社会。TextB2.“Meltingpot”meansaplacewherepeoplefrommanydifferentethnicgroupsorculturesformaunitedsociety.TodaytheUnitedStatesofAmericaisanethnicallyandraciallydiversecountryasaresultoflarge-scaleimmigrationfrommanydifferentcountriesthroughoutitshistory.2.

“大熔炉”指由不同种族或文化的人组成的统一社会。由于其长期的大规模移民历史，现今的美国是一个多族裔、多种族的国家。ExtendedFamilyNuclearFamilyTextCComparison1NationalHigherEducationEntranceExaminationSATSubjectTestsTextCComparison2DouyinDailymotionTextCComparison3FrenchDressingStyleChinaFashionWeekTextCComparison4LatestChineseBuzzwordsWordoftheYearTextCComparison5Case

Study

一次在美国就医的经历小陈在美国做访问学者时，租住在学校附近的一栋公寓楼里。一天她出门散步，走到小区内的一处草地的时候，一条体型较大的狗朝她扑了过来，对她又抓又舔，狗的主人连忙跑过来道歉。回到家，她发现自己的后背有几道抓痕，十分紧张，因为如果同样的情况发生在国内，她一定会去医院注射狂犬疫苗。Case

Study

由于不放心，第二天，她还是来到了诊所咨询如何处理这种情况。护士给她做了基本的身体情况记录，然后医生才出现，询问了相关情况。他让护士通知动物管理部门，然后告诉小陈没事儿，可以回家了。小陈反复询问，真的不用做任何处置或者注射狂犬疫苗吗？医生看她实在不放心，就斩钉截铁地对她说：“如果你是我的家人，我也这样处理。”无奈之下，小陈就这样回家了。后来，在小区负责人的帮助下，小陈找到了狗的主人，确认狗是定期做免疫的。随后，动物管理部门来电告知小陈，该部门要求狗主人在接下来的10天内让狗居家隔离，10天后向动物管理部门报告狗的状况。狗隔离期满后，动物管理部门再次来电通知小陈，狗健康状况良好，她不必再为此事担心了。Case

Study

分析点评

中美两国有不同的医疗体系，从就医到处置，存在不少差异。美国对于动物的管理十分严格，绝大多数的宠物都要定期做免疫，所以人们不会对类似的情况有紧张情绪。在美国，给狗注射的狂犬疫苗价格低廉，狗的主人基本上每年都会给狗狗注射，但是给人注射的狂犬疫苗却十分昂贵。Translation

汉译英

1.中国城市化中国城市化将会充分释放潜在内需。一些经济学家指出，在中国，几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设，包括水源和能源的供应，将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。城市化意味着人们能更好地获取城市的教育和医疗资源。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来为消费者提供服务。Translation

Keys

1.China’surbanizationwillreleasethefullpotentialofdomesticdemand.Someeconomistspointoutthaturbanizationisaprocessthatisoccurringinnearlyeverydevelopingcityinthecountry.Itwillleadtoabetterqualityoflifeformanypeople,andprovideindividualswithmorejobopportunities.Theconstructionofhousingandcityinfrastructure,includingwaterandenergysupplies,willbeafocalpointofurbandevelopmentasmorepeoplemigratetocities.Urbanizationmeansbetteraccesstoeducationalandmedicalresourcesinthecity.Thefast,freeflowofgoodsandservicesisabasictraitofanurbanizedsociety.Expandingcitiesrequiremoreretailoutletstoservecustomers.1.China’sUrbanizationTranslation

2.家中度假家中度假(staycation)是指一个人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在离家不远的景点游览的一段时光。人们在家中度假的原因很多，如家庭预算紧张，出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小。对于一些人来说，节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路和城市道路拥堵，是促使他们在家中度假的两个主要原因。常见的家中度假活动包括在家里招待朋友，游览当地的公园和博物馆，或参与当地一些节日活动，等等。家中度假也可以丰富多彩，它将成为一种新的度假趋势。汉译英

Translation

Keys

2.Staycation

Astaycationreferstoaperiodinwhichanindividualorafamilystaysathomeforrelaxingortakestripstonearbytouristattractions.Therearevariousreasonsforpeopletotakeastaycation,liketightfamilybudgets,risingtravelcosts,orhavingveryyoungkids.Forsomepeople,overcrowdedtouristsites,congestiononexpressways