2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT教学知识细解码学案新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGEUNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT1．commitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；一心一意投入(工作、活动等)→committedadj.不遗余力的；坚决的；坚信的→commitmentn．承诺；交托；信奉2．distinctadj.清晰的；清晰的；有区分的→distinctionn．差别；区分；卓著3.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgementn．承认4．concludevt.推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止→conclusionn．结论；推论；结束5.apparentadj.自不待言的；明显的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.自不待言；看来；明显6.sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家→scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的7.academyn．(艺术、文学、科学等的)探讨院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的8.objectn．物体；对象；宗旨→objectiven．目标；目的adj.客观的9.botanyn．植物学→botanicaladj.植物学的1．defeatn．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜；使困惑；难住①Ourfootballteamdefeatedtheirsthistime.vt.击败；战胜②Wehadtwodefeatsthisyear.n．失败；挫败③Thiskindofproblemsalwaysdefeatsme.vt.使困惑；难住2．concludevt.推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止①Themeetingconcludedatteno'clock.vi.结束；终止②Whenyoudidn'tarrive,weconcludedthatthecarhadbrokendown.vt.推断出③Theyconcludedtheirresearchwiththesewords.vt.使结束3.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n①Waterboilsat100degreescentigrade.vi.沸腾②Boilsomewaterforus,please!vt.煮开；烧开③Justbeforethemilkcomestotheboil,turndowntheheat.n．沸腾；沸点4.obtainvt.(尤指努力)获得；赢得；学会vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行①Thecustomstillobtainsinsomedistricts.vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行②Itisnecessarytoobtainthepatients'permission.vt.③HeobtainedaknowledgeofLatin.vt.学会WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)vitaladj.必不行少的；极其重要的；充溢朝气的(教材P2)Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria...青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分……[例1]Hisvitalandcheerfulmannerfilledthewholeteamwithcourage.他那充溢朝气、欢快的看法使整个队伍充溢了志气。[例2]Itisvitalthatweshouldbekeptinformedofalldevelopments.重要的是我们必需熟识全部的发展状况。[学问拓展]bevitalto... 对……很重要Itisvitaltodosth. 做某事是很重要的Itisvitalthat... ……是非常重要的(that从句中要用虚 拟语气，即shoulddo,should可以省略)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Considerationforotherpeopleisvitaltoallofus.②It'svitalthatwe(should)carry(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.③Itisvitaltoprotect(protect)wildanimals.④旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。TourismisvitaltotheSpanisheconomy.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)commitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；一心一意投入(工作、活动等)(教材P2)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China，on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位坚决而有耐性的科学家，1930年12月30日诞生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京高校医学院。[例1]Wearecommittedtoimprovingservices.我们承诺改善服务。[例2]Nobodywaspreparedtocommitthemselves.谁都不愿作出承诺。[学问拓展](1)commit...to 把……送交/托付给……； 对……作出承诺，担当义务， 担负责任；使(自己)致力于……commitoneselftodo/todoing... 承诺；保证做……commitacrime 犯罪(2)committedadj. 不遗余力的；坚决的；坚信的commitmentn. 承诺；托付；担当义务[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Theboywascommitted(commit)tothecareofhisauntyesterday.②Hehascommittedhimselftothecauseofeducation.③Hehascommittedhimselftosupport(support)them.④ThePresidentiscommittedtoreforming(reform)healthcare.⑤不管怎样，她都不想作出承诺。Shedidn'twanttocommitherselfonewayortheother.[小片段填空]Also,betotallycommittedtowhatyoudo,asexcellenceisonlypossiblewithcommitment．此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)evaluatevt.评价；评估(教材P2)Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的团队查看了2000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。[例1]Ican'tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.我没有看到他的工作状况，无法评估他的实力。[例2]Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit'shardtoevaluateitssuccess.该学校仅开办了六个月，所以还很难估计它的成就。[学问拓展](1)evaluatesb.on/by 依据……评价某人(2)evaluationn. 估计；评价makeanevaluationof 对……进行评估[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Wemustevaluateherabilityon/byherwork.②Wemustevaluate(evaluate)theconsequencescausedbythefire.＝Wemustmakeanevaluation(evaluate)oftheconsequencescausedbythefire.③这项证据应当细致地评定。Theevidenceshouldbecarefullyevaluated．[小片段填空]Atpresent,thereexistsomeproblemsintheevaluationofteachers.Schoolsshouldperfectthemeansofevaluationandimproveevaluatinglevel.当前老师评价中存在着一些弊端，学校应针对存在的问题，完善评价方法，提高评价水平。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.然后他们试着把簇新的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。[例1]Differentlawsobtainindifferentplaces.不同的法律存在于不同的地方。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned,whathehaddoneobtainedhimrespect.在我看来，他的所作所为为他赢得了荣誉。[学问拓展]obtainknowledge/one'sdegree 获得学问/学位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 给某人带来某物obtainsth.bydoingsth. 通过做某事获得某物obtainsth.fromsb./sth. 从某人/物获得某物[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thevalueofapersoncanbeobtained(obtain)byrelativeevaluation.②Hersuccessfulperformanceobtainedgreathonourforher.③DetailscanbeobtainedfromtheDepartmentofEducation.④这种信息从互联网上很简单获得。SuchinformationiseasilyobtainedfromtheInternet.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。[例1]Heacknowledgedhavingmadeamistake.他承认做错了。[例2]Iacknowledgedhimasanexpert.我视他为专家。[学问拓展](1)acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth. 承认(做了)某事acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as 承认某人/某物是……acknowledgethat... 承认……It'sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledgedthat... 大家公认……(2)acknowledgementn. 承认；感谢；谢礼[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Sheisacknowledgedtobe(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.②Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing/havingstolen(steal)thelady'spurse.③Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.④Peoplewidelyacknowledgethatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.→Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)(教材P2)Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她的结论是，煮沸青蒿明显破坏了它的医疗特性。(1)concludevt.推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止[例1]Weconcludednottowaitanymore.我们确定不再等了。[例2]Thedoctorsconcludedthathehadsufferedastroke.医生诊断他中风了。[学问拓展](1)conclude...from... 从……中推断出……conclude(fromsth.)that... (从某事中)推断出……； (从某事中)断定……concludesth.with.../bydoing... 以……结束……(2)conclusionn. 结论；推论；结束draw/reach/cometo/arriveata/theconclusion 得出结论inconclusion 最终；总之；总而言之[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion(conclude).②Inconclusion,IwouldliketosaythefilmBorninChinaisworthseeing.③Sheconcludedherperformancewithapoem.④Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?⑤你从全部这一切当中得出了什么结论？Whatdoyouconcludefromallthis?[联想助记]完成下列表示“最终；总而言之”的其他表达：①inaword②inbrief③allinall④inshort⑤onthewhole[小片段填空]Theseventhchapterisaconclusion．Theauthorstatedthefulltext'skeypointsandconcludedthisarticle'sstudyconclusion．第七章是结论，作者综述了全文要点，并得出了本文的探讨结论。(2)apparentlyadv.自不待言；看来；明显[例1]Hewasapparentlymuchsurprisedatthenews.他对这个消息明显感到非常惊异。[例2]Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwiththepromise.孩子点了点头，看来他对这个许诺还满足。[学问拓展](1)Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove...正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……(2)apparentadj. 自不待言的；明显的；表面上的Itisapparentthat... 明显……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabove,thereareabout10%studentssupportingtheidea.②Hepaused,apparently(apparent)lostinthought.③Soon,itwasapparenttoeveryonethathecouldn'tsing.④明显他从那里什么也看不见。Apparentlyhecouldseenothingfromthere.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)insiston坚决要求(教材P3)TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试药物，以确保它是平安的。[例1]Heinsistedonhisdemand.他坚持他的要求。[例2]Sheinsistedonhermother'slivingwithher.她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。[学问拓展](1)insiston/upon(doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事(2)在“insist＋that...”结构中，当insist作“坚持主见，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Themanagerinsistedontheworkbeingdone(do)intwohours.②Heinsistedon/uponwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.③Heinsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.④她坚持立即就走。Sheinsistedonleavingatonce.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)过去分词作定语(教材P2)In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探究治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的探讨人员。句式分析：过去分词chosen作名词researchers的后置定语，相当于定语从句thatwerechosen的省略。[例1]Theexperiencegainedwillgiveyoumoreconfidencetohelpyourcustomers.获得的阅历会给你更多的信念去帮助你的客户。[例2]Therearemanybeautifullydecoratedhousesinthisricharea.这个富人区有很多装饰精致的房子。[学问拓展](1)过去分词作定语时通常与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。(2)过去分词还可以在句中作时间、缘由、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。此时过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Given(give)alotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.②Used(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.③Theteachercamein,followed(follow)byagroupofstudents.④Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.→Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)upon/ondoing...当……时；一……就……(教材P3)UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize...当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时……句式分析：upon/ondoing...当……时；一……就……，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句。[例1]Uponseeingher,Ismiledandrantowardher.一看到她，我就笑着向她跑去了。[例2]OnhisreturnfromJapan,Prof.Liwentdirectlytohislaboratoryandstartedworkingwithhiscolleagues.李教授刚一从日本回来就到他的试验室，起先和他的同事们一道工作起来。[学问拓展](1)一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如：arrive,return,reach,hear,see,receive,enter,step,get,recognize,leave等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”。(2)某些at引导的介词短语可用来表达“一……就……”，如：atthesightof(一看到)；atthethoughtof(一想到)；atthesoundof(一听到)；atthefirstopportunity/chance(一有机会)等。(3)在名词minute,moment和instant前加上定冠词the也可以引导时间状语从句来表达“一……就……”。它们后面可以加that，含义不变。(4)可用副词immediately和directly来表达“一……就……”。这时，它们所起的作用相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英式英语及口语中。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Immediately(immediate)hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.②Atthesightofthepoliceofficerthethiefranoff.③I'lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.④Assoonashewentoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.→On/Upongoingoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.1．Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co­winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.[分析]主句后whose引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为TuYouyou，其中名词短语acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria是artemisinin的同位语。[译文]今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的探讨发觉了青蒿素，这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药。2．Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.[分析]句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中and连接表示顺承关系的两个并列的动词­ing形式作动词tried的宾语；过去分词短语obtainedfromthis作名词liquid的后置定语。[译文]然后他们试着把簇新的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。教材高考1.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood，andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria，butthisdidnotworkeither.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”2.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(2024·7月浙江卷)Icouldn'tseeDon，butasIapproachedthetractorhejumpedoutontotheroad，apparentlyunhurt，anddashedbacktome.3.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100，000livesayearinAfricaalone.(2024·天津卷)Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.4.Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues，yourstrengths,yourweaknesses，yourachievements,yourdesires，etc.5.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.6.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(2024·北京卷)Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent...Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Foodandenergyarevitaltothelivelihood,developmentandstabilityofallnations.2．Sheisacknowledged(acknowledge)asanexpertonthesubjectnow.3．Sixsoldiersarereportedtohavediedfromtheirwounds.4．Threeprofessorswereaskedtomakeanevaluation(evaluate)oftheteachingplan.5．Shehascommittedherselftogo(go)atonce.6．Iaskedhimtostayforawhile,butheinsistedonleaving(leave)atonce.7．Uponhisarrival/arriving(arrive)atthespot,hefoundthatthegypsieshadgone.8．Hecontinuedtoplacesafetyaboveallotherobjectives(objective).9．Theteachertriedhisbesttoanalyse(analyse)thecauseofourfailure.10．Thegeneralbegantoworkouthisplanfordefeating(defeat)theenemy.Ⅱ.短语填空diefrom,inthebeginning,bychance,drawout,commitoneselfto,insiston,riskone'slife,leadto1．Imustgo.Ihavecommittedmyselftotheclubtonightandthemembersareexpectingme.2．TheteacherinsistedonallthehomeworkbeinghandedinonMonday.3．Thefiremanriskedhislifetosavethebabyfromtheburni