2024年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习动词和动词短语含解析

动词和动词短语重难点分析对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在详细语境中正确运用动词短语。要特殊留意一些最常用的词汇如get,make,have,take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。一、动词分类一览表动词的分类例句行为动词(实义动词)及物动词(vt.)+宾语Hesangasongforus.不及物动词(vi.)后不接宾语Hearrivedlate.+介词HearrivedinWuhanat10a.m.系动词表人和事物的特征和状态：be,feel,appear,seem,look,sound,smell,taste等Heseemsangry.表状态改变：become,get,go,turn,grow,fall等Thefishwentbad.表状态的持续或持续：keep,stay,remain等Heremainedsilent.助动词be,have,do,shall,will等，不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形或分词一起构成谓语的各种形式Ihaveboughtacar.情态动词can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,dare等Hemaycometomorrow.留意：有些动词是兼类词。如：Wehavelunchat12.(行为动词)/WehavebeentoJapan.(助动词)二、动词短语构成一览表动词短语构成示例例句动词+副词breakout爆发TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1931.动词+介词agreewith同意Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.动词+副词+介词comeupwith想出；提出Icameupwithagoodidea.动词+名词+介词makeuseof利用Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.动词+名词takeplace发生Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.三、常用动词短语归纳常用动词come,go,keep,look,make,put,take,turn,get的相关搭配1.comecomeabout发生；造成comeacross偶然遇到comeafter追踪；跟在……后面comealong一道走；赶快comeat向……扑过来comefrom来自comeon跟随；上演；赶快；加油comeout出来；出版；结果是cometo(oneself)醒悟；总共；达到；涉及cometoanagreement达成协议cometoaclose/anend终止；结束cometolife活过来cometolight泄露；被发觉cometomind想起；回忆起cometothepoint(讲话、写文章等)切中要害cometothe/one’srescue营救；帮助cometrue实现；变成现实comeupwith想出；提出comeintobeing/existence出现；起先形成；成立comein进来；上市；流行起来；(竞赛中)得……名次(comeinsecond得其次名)2.gogoabout此处走动goafter追逐；追捕；追求goahead前进；说吧；走吧；做吧(口语)goallouttodosth.全力以赴做某事gobeyond超出；超出……的实力goby从……经过/通过；时间消逝gobackto追溯到；回顾godown下降；下跌goinfor参与；从事；爱好gointo进入；从事gooff离开某地；爆炸goover复习；超过期限；批阅；细致查看goout熄灭；出去；过时gothrough穿过；经受gotoofar太过分；走得太远gowith相配(同义词match)gowellwith协调；相配gowrong出错；发生故障goaround/round绕道；四处走动；(故事、消息等)传开；萦绕3.keepkeepaway不靠近；远离keepback向后退；保留keepinmind记住；把……记在心里keepinorder保持整齐；使井井有条keepintouchwith保持联系keepone’searsopen留心细听；倾听keepone’seyesopen留心；留意keepout不让入内；不要进来keepoutof不参与；不牵涉进去；置身事外keepquiet保持宁静keepupyourcourage鼓起志气；保持志气keepupwith跟上keepoff不接近；保持距离；避开；回避(某话题)4.looklookabout/around四周环顾lookafter照看lookahead向前看；展望将来lookat看lookback回顾；回过头看lookdownupon看不起lookdownone’snoseat高傲；轻视某人lookforwardto期盼lookinto调查looklike看起来像lookout(of)当心；当心；向外看lookthrough阅读；看穿lookup仰视；查找(字典、电话本等)lookuptosb.敬重lookupanddown上下端详(某人)lookto希望；寄望；依靠lookon袖手旁观lookover细致检查5.makemakesense说得通；有意义；言之有理makeup构成makeupfor弥补；补偿makeupone’smind下决心；确定makeaneffortto/makeeffortsto努力；尽力makeoneselfheard让自己被别人听到makegoodsense/nosense有意义/没意义makefunof讪笑；取笑bemadeupof由……组成/构成maketea/coffee泡茶/泡咖啡makealiving某人makeadifference有影响；有关系makefulluseof充分利用makeexcuses超借口；辩解makeacontributionto为……做贡献makeacomplaint提出投诉makeadeepimpressiononsb.给某人留下深刻印象6.putputaway放好；收起来putaside放在一边；短暂不做；留出putback放回原处putdown放下；拒绝；写下来putforward提出(安排、建议等)putoff推迟；延期；脱掉(衣服等)putintouse投入运用puton穿上；上演putout扑灭；吹灭putup举起；张贴putupwith忍受；忍耐putone’sheartinto一心一意投入putinprison投入监狱putonweight增肥putthrough做完；完成；接通电话(=getthrough)7.taketakeaway拿走；带走takeback拿回来takeAforB把A误认为是Btakepartin参与takeadvantageof利用takecareof照看takechargeof负责；管理takeachance碰运气takeholdof抓住；驾驭takenoticeof留心；留意taketheopportunityof抓住机会taketheplaceof代替taketheriskof冒……的险takeoff脱下；起飞takeup占据(时间、地方等)；从事于takein汲取；欺瞒takeinturn依次takeashower冲凉takepridein=beproudof为……感到傲慢8.turnturnagainst背叛；反对turnaround转身；转过来turnup调大声；出现turndown调小声；拒绝turnon打开turnoff关掉turn…into…把……变成……turnin上交(=handin)turnouttobe结果是；结局是turnover翻动；翻过turnto转向；求助于turnright/left右转/左转turnaway解雇；把……打发走turnback折回9.getgetaccustomedto习惯于getacross度过；通过；劝服；使理解getaheadof赛过；超过geton/alongwellwith与……相处融洽getawaywith侥幸逃脱；避开受罚getawayfrom拜托getback取回；回来；报复getdownto细致对待；静下心来getfamiliarwith熟识getholdof获得；取得getintotrouble陷入麻烦getintobadhabits染上恶习getoff下车geton上车getoutof从……出来getover越过；克服getreadyfor为……作打算getridof除去；去掉；免除；摆脱getthrough通过；及格；接通gettogether积聚；积累getup起床；起立getusedto习惯于考点练透一、短语翻译依据句意将下列句子划线部分的英文翻译成中文。1.Strikingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsusenergeticandahealthydietisusefulaswell.(翻译：_______________________)2.Theycan’tteachchildrenlearning,letaloneofferingtheirpsychologicalandmoraleducation.(翻译：_______________________)3.Sothewholesocietyshouldpayspecialattentiontothissocialphenomenon.(翻译：_________________)4.ItisacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemealisserved.(翻译：_____________)5.Somepeoplesaythatthekeytosuccessistheluck,sotheyneverworkhardandofcoursecanonlyenvyothers’success.(翻译：_______________________)6.JustasthefamoussayingbyEinsteingoes,successis99%ofhardworkand1%ofthefortune.(翻译：_______________________)7.Therefore,Iwishallofusachievesuccessthroughourhardwork!(翻译：_______________________)8.Besides,studyingabroadcannotonlybroadentheirhorizonsbutalsodeepentheirunderstandingofthecultureandcustomsinthatcountry.(翻译：_______________________)9.HoweverIthinkitdifficultforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment.(翻译：______________________)10.Soitwouldbebettertogoabroadaftertheyhavefinishedtheircollegeathome,whentheyaremorecapableoflearningandlivingontheirown.(翻译：_______________________)11.Asyouknow,weChinesetakeprideinouroriginalhaircolorandwearefinewithit.(翻译：_________)12.Inmyopinion,thosewithdifferenthaircolors,turningablindeyetoschoolrules,arenotworthlearningfrombecausetheyjustwanttomakethemselvesnoticed.(翻译：_______________________)13.Itisknowntousthatnowadaysmiddleschoolstudentsarediligentintheirstudiesfortheprosperousfutureoftheirmotherland.(翻译：_______________________)14.Nopain,nogains.ThereforeI’dliketosaytothosewho’dliketocheatinexams,“Getdowntoworknowanddon’tcheatyourselfanymore.”(翻译：_______________________)15.Thousandsoftreeshavebeencutdownperyear,soinreturnsoilisbecomingmoreandmorebarren(贫瘠的),andmeanwhile,theairisgettingworseandworse.(翻译：_______________________)16.Wearesupposedtoliveharmoniouswithnature.(翻译：_______________________)17.Iamwritingyoualetterinordertoapplyforapositioninyourcompany.(翻译：___________________)18.LiMingisverystrictwithherselfinherworkanddailylife,andisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeople.(翻译：_______________________)19.Myownexperiencecanalsowellillustratetheimportanceofpraise.(翻译：______________________)20.Ibegantoputmyheartintostudy,listeningattentivelyinclassandfinishingmyhomeworkontime.(翻译：_______________________)21.Istronglysuggestthatallofustrytospotothers’strongpointsandnotbemeanwithourpraise.(翻译：_______________________)二、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Qiaoisasixth-graderatYuhuiPrimarySchool.Heisonly12yearsold1hasbeensmokingforthreeyears.Liu,15,is2Junior2studentatChichengNo.2MiddleSchool.He3(begin)smokingfouryearsago.“Smokingispartofmylife,”Liusaid.QiaoandLiuarenotthoseboys’realnames.Buttheirproblem,smoking,isaveryrealproblem.Inmanycountries,smoking4(become)abiggerproblemforyoungpeople.Mostsmokersstartintheirteens(yearsofaperson’sagefrom13to19)or5(early).Astudyof8,000BeijingstudentslastMaytoldusthatsmokingisaproblemformanyChinesekids.Morethan21%ofmiddleschoolstudentsand6%ofprimaryschoolpupilssaid6smoked.“7youngpeoplestartsmokingearly,theywillprobablygetaddicted8nicotine.Anditwillbeveryhardtogiveuplateron,”saidaprofessor.Everyyear,aboutfourmillionpeoplediebecauseofsmoking.Andifpeoplekeepsmoking,thatnumber9(go)uptoabouttenmillionayearby2030,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)says.10wehavetolearnandtellothersaboutthedangersofsmoking.助读词汇teensn.十几岁addictedadj.上瘾的nicotinen.尼古丁goupto上升到primaryschool小学WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织三、佳作观赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有很多精彩且敏捷的语言表达，其中也包含有动词或动词短语，专心体会其用法。Deareditor,Fromthequestionnaireswehavereceived,wecanfindthefactthatlessfamiliesaresatisfiedwiththerelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.Only30%parentsaresatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,fortheirchildrenareconsideratetoothers,diligentandeasytocommunicatewith,andaboveall,theyarehonestandrespecttheirparents.Thedemocraticatmosphereofthefamilyandthetimeparentsspentcommunicatingwiththemcontributetothis.However,about70%parentsareunsatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,sayingthattheirchildrenareselfishanddifficulttocommunicatewith.What’sworse,theysometimestellliesanddon’tformagoodhabitinlifeandstudy.Thereasonsareasfollows:theyaretoobusytocommunicatewiththeirchildrenandinstructthemindo