英语句子成分讲解及句子类型

取得英语语法成功的基石句子成分词类作用例

词1.（n.）名词表示人或事物的名称。Iboughtabook.Sheisastudent.2.(pron.）代词代替名词、数词等。Thisismyfriend.Helikesthatbookbecause

itisveryusefultohim.PartsofSpeach3.（adj.）形容词3.（adj.）形容词3.（adj.）形容词4.(num.）数词4.(num.）数词4.(num.）数词4.(num.）数词4.(num.）数词4.(num.）数词6.（adv.）副词6.（adv.）副词6.（adv.）副词6.（adv.）副词6.（adv.）副词6.（adv.）副词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词8.（conj.）连词一、主语主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首1.WeloveChina.2.Sheseemstired.3.HecanspeakEnglish4.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.二、谓语谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.动词实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词（V.）△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.1）状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。

系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如:Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.

5）变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。谓语（V.）实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词三、宾语宾语:动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语:指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Thetreesturn

green.Theflowersare

beautiful.Myjob

istoteachyouEnglish.Thequestion

ishowwecangetthere.四、表语定语:用来修饰限定_____.Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语Johnoftencametochatwithme.

Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.

Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.(程度目的)（地点伴随）

（地点时间）（让步）（方式）(原因)补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语EveryonecallshimJack.（宾补）HeiscalledJack.（主补）同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.八、同位语一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示:Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示:It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示:Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）ThisistheverybookthatIneed.（）过去分词不定式动名词从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示:Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词,程度介词短语,地点分词,伴随不定式,目的形容词,状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示:Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句五、宾语补足语:IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式英语句子的种类简单句

(simplesentence)只包含一个主谓结构Theyareplayingbaseballinthegarden.Herbrotherandsisiterarebothteachers.并列句(compoundsentence)Herfatherisadoctorandhermotherisateacher.IlikedthestoryverymuchbutLiMingwasn’tinteretedinit.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接,而“,”逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。复合句

(complexsentence)Ifheisallrighttomorrow,hewillcome.IwenttobedaferIfinishedmyhomework.连词主句从句（状语）主句连词从句（状语）

简单句的五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:

Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋谓）

基本句型二:

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）

基本句型三:

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四:

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五:

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基