新版译林高中英语课件教案练习选择性必修三 Unit 2 Out of this world（A卷·夯实基础）（解析版）

Unit2Outofthisworld测试（A卷·夯实基础）（时间：90分钟，满分：100分）第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共10小题:每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2020·全国·高一单元测试）Isityourdreamtoflyandtoworkinspace?DoyouwanttobeaNASAastronaut?Likemanyjobs,thefirstthingwouldbetofillouttheapplication.Arecord-breaking18,300peoplefilledoutapplicationsrecentlywhenNASAannounceditwasfillingits2017AstronautCandidateProgramme,butoutofthose18,300applicants,just8to14willbehiredbytheUSspaceagency.ItwilltakeNASA18monthstodecidewhowillbeinthenewclassofastronauts.NASAwillreviewallofthefiles,whichwilllatergotoitscurrentteamofastronauts,tomakesuretheymeetthebasicqualifications.ThefirstrequirementisthattheapplicantsmustbetheUScitizens.Theyneedacollegedegreeinengineering,biologicalscience,physicalscience,computerscience,ormathematics.Theyalsoneedatleastthreeyearsofexperienceinasimilarfieldoratleast1,000hoursasajetairlinepilot.Therearerequirementstopassaphysicaltest.Andthentherearepersonalitytestsaswell.WhatkindsofpersonalityqualitiesisNASAlookingforinanastronaut?NASA'sSelectionManagerAnneRomersaid,“Ithinkleadership,teamwork,theabilitytonotonlyworkonateam,leadateam,butalsofollow,beafolloweronateammatter.Communicationcertainlyplaysarole,soit'ssomeprettycommonskillsthatIthinktranslateintoevenotherprofessions.”About120applicantswillbeinvitedtotheJohnsonSpaceCentreinHouston,Texas,forafirstroundofinterviews,abouthalfofwhomwillgobackforasecondround.Onceselected,theymustcompletetwoyearsoftrainingineverythingaboutspaceflight-thingslikelearningaboutallthesystemsusedbyNASA,walkinginspaceandRussianlanguagetraining.UntiltheUShasaworkingvehicletolaunchintospace,NASAstilldependsonRussiatogetastronautsintospace.1．Whatisthepercentageofemploymentamongtheapplicants?A．Abouthalfofthem. B．About8to14.C．About120. D．Lessthan0.08percent.2．WhichdoyouthinkisthemostimportantpersonalityqualityaccordingtoNASA'sSelectionManager?A．Devotion. B．Communication.C．Teamspirit. D．Perseverance.3．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthistext?A．NASAAstronautCandidateProgramme B．NASAwelcomesitsmostapplicantseverC．WhatittakestobeaNASAastronaut D．Whatanastronautshouldtrainin【答案】DCC【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局招收宇航员的条件。1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“..butoutofthose18,300applicants,just8to14.willbehiredbytheUSspaceagency.”（在申请的18300人当中，仅仅会有8到14人被美国航天局录用）所以录取率最高为14/18300,即还不足0.08%，选项D与文意相符，故选D。2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“NASA'sSelectionManagerAnneRomersaid,“Ithinkleadership,teamwork,theabilitytonotonlyworkonateam,leadateam,butalsofollow,beafolloweronateammatter.Communicationcertainlyplaysarole,soit'ssomeprettycommonskillsthatIthinktranslateintoevenotherprofessions.””（美国宇航局选拔经理安妮·罗默说，“我认为领导、团队合作，不仅能在团队中工作，领导团队，而且能跟随，成为团队事务的追随者。沟通当然起着作用，所以我认为这是一些相当常见的技能，我认为它可以转化成其他职业。”）可推知，团队合作精神是美国国家航空航天局认为候选人应具备的最重要的个性特征，选项C与文意一致，故选C。3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“DoyouwanttobeaNASAastronaut?Likemanyjobs,thefirstthingwouldbetofillouttheapplication.”（你想成为NASA的宇航员吗？像很多工作一样，首先要填写申请表。），第二段第一句“ItwilltakeNASA18monthstodecidewhowillbeinthenewclassofastronauts.”（美国宇航局需要18个月来决定，谁将成为新一代的宇航员。）第三、四段提到的成为宇航员的条件，最后一段中“Onceselected,theymustcompletetwoyearsoftrainingineverythingaboutspaceflight-thingslikelearningaboutallthesystemsusedbyNASA,walkinginspaceandRussianlanguagetraining.”（一旦被选中，他们必须完成为期两年的有关太空飞行的所有训练，比如学习NASA使用的所有系统，太空行走和俄语训练。）可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局招收宇航员的条件，选项C.“WhatittakestobeaNASAastronaut”（怎样才能成为NASA的宇航员）符合文意，故选C。B（2021·浙江大学附属中学高三阶段练习）OnFebruary22,2021,cancersurvivorHayleyAreeneauxwasselectedtobeoneoffourcrewmembersoftheSpaceXInspiration4—theworld’sfirstcivilianastronautmission.The29-year-oldwillmakehistoryastheyoungestAmerican—andthefirstwithafalselimb—totraveltospace.Hayley’sspacedreamsbegantwodecadesago,however,theyounggirl’sdreamswerederailedayearlaterwhenshewasdiagnosedwithosteosarcoma—atypeofbonecancer.Fortunately,thefataldiseasehadbeencaughtearlyandtheexpertsatSt.Jude’sChildren’sResearchHospitalinMemphiswereabletoreduceitsspreadthroughchemotherapy.Arceneauxsaidsheneverthoughtshewouldbeabletogotospace.Butwhenthecallcame“outoftheblue”fromJaredIsaacman,CEOandfounderofShift4Payments,askingherifshewouldliketogotospace,shesaidwithouthesitation,“Yes,yes,absolutely!”Isaacmanhadalwaysintendedtogotospace.HencewhenSpaceXannouncedtheworld’sfirstall-commercialastronautmission,the37-year-oldbillionaire,instantlybookedtheavailablefourseats.Theflyingenthusiastannouncedthathewoulddonatethreeseatstomembersofthegeneralpublic.Hayley,thefirstcrewmembertobeannounced,willrepresentthepillar(支柱)of“hope”—anodtohersurvivalofcancerandfrontlineworkasaphysicianatSt.Jude.Theremainingpassengers,representingthepillarsof“generosity”and“prosperity”,willbechosenrandomlytoraise$200millionforSt.Jude,whichtreatschildrenatnocharge.Beforethemissionlaunchlaterthisyear,thecrewwillundergointensetraining.Themission,whichwillorbitEarthevery90minutes,willbecarefullymonitoredbySpaceXmissioncontrolscientistsfromEarth.Uponthemission’scompletion,theDragonwillreenterEarth’satmosphereforasoftwaterlandingoffthecoastofFlorida.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“outoftheblue”inParagraph2mean?A．Sadly. B．Suddenly.C．Randomly. D．Strangely.5．WhywouldJaredIsaacmandonatethelasttwoseatstomembersofthegeneralpublic?A．Topromotehiscompany’sproductsB．Toseekhelpfordisabledchildren.C．Toinspireinterestsinspacetravel.D．Toraisefundsforacancerhospital.6．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HayleyArceneauxBecameTheYoungestAmericantravellinginSpaceB．“TheSkyIsNotEvenTheLimit”ForJaredIsaacmanC．CancerSurvivorToBecomeTheYoungestAmericanInSpaceD．Hayley’sSpaceDreamsWereDerailedByOsteosarcoma【答案】BDC【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了癌症幸存者HayleyAreeneaux将成为去太空旅行的人中最年轻的美国人。4．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Arceneauxsaidsheneverthoughtshewouldbeabletogotospace.(Arceneaux说，她从没想过自己能上太空。)”说明Arceneaux从来没有想到过自己能上太空，从而推知划线词句“Butwhenthecallcame‘outoftheblue’fromJaredIsaacman,CEOandfounderofShift4Payments,askingherifshewouldliketogotospace,shesaidwithouthesitation,‘Yes,yes,absolutely!’(但当Shift4Payments的CEO兼创始人JaredIsaacman‘outoftheblue’打来电话，问她是否愿意去太空时，她毫不犹豫地说：‘是的，是的，绝对愿意!’)”其中划线短语应为“意想不到，突然”的意思，选项B“突然”与之意义最为接近。故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theflyingenthusiastannouncedthathewoulddonatethreeseatstomembersofthegeneralpublic.Hayley,thefirstcrewmembertobeannounced,willrepresentthepillar(支柱)of“hope”—anodtohersurvivalofcancerandfrontlineworkasaphysicianatSt.Jude.Theremainingpassengers,representingthepillarsof“generosity”and“prosperity”,willbechosenrandomlytoraise$200millionforSt.Jude,whichtreatschildrenatnocharge.(这位飞行爱好者宣布，他将向公众捐赠三个座位。Hayley是第一个被宣布的机组成员，她将代表着“希望”的支柱——这是对她在癌症中幸存并作为一名医生在St.Jude前线工作的致敬。其余的乘客代表着“慷慨”和“繁荣”两大支柱，他们将被随机挑选出来，为St.Jude免费提供儿童服务，筹集2亿美元。)”可知，JaredIsaacman要把最后两个座位捐给普通民众是为了为癌症医院筹集资金。故选D项。6．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“OnFebruary22,2021,cancersurvivorHayleyAreeneauxwasselectedtobeoneoffourcrewmembersoftheSpaceXInspiration4—theworld’sfirstcivilianastronautmission.The29-year-oldwillmakehistoryastheyoungestAmerican—andthefirstwithafalselimb—totraveltospace.(2021年2月22日，癌症幸存者HayleyAreeneaux被选为SpaceXFixoT4的四名宇航员之一，这是世界上第一个民用宇航员任务。这位29岁的年轻人将创造历史，成为最年轻的美国人——也是第一个假肢——去太空旅行。)”可知，本文主要报道了癌症幸存者HayleyAreeneaux将成为去太空旅行的人中最年轻的美国人。选项C“癌症幸存者将成为太空中最年轻的美国人”突出本文主题，适合做标题。故选C项。C（2021·辽宁·高三阶段练习）Frequentgoodbyestoherfamilycomehand-in-handwithWangYaping'stoughtraining.Thistime,however,hergoodbyesparkedjoyinher5-year-olddaughter'seyesasshewas“shootingforthestars”evenifthiswasherlongestseparationfromhermother.WangtookpartintheShenzhou-13crewedtaskonOct.16.ShebecamethefirstwomantoenterChina'sspacestation.Bornin1980toafarmerfamilyinShandongProvince,Wanglovedjoggingandwasahigh-scoringforwardonthebasketballcourtinschool.In1997,Wangwasencouragedtoregisterforthepilotrecruitmentprogrambyherclassmatesbecauseshewasgoodatsports.Infact,shehadbeenconsideringapplyingtoteachingcollege.Givenherstrongbuildandabilitytostaycalmunderpressure,Wangpassedalltests.Afterfouryearsofsystemiceducationandtoughtraining,Wangeventuallylearnedtoflyfourdifferenttypesofaircraftbeforegraduation.WangYaping'sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei's2003spaceflight.Shedesiredtobecomeafemalegoingintospace.InMay2010,WangwaselectedasoneofChina'sfemaleastronauts,Thejoyofbeingselecteddidnotlastlongastheeventoughertrainingquicklysankin.Shehadtostandeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Bloodcan'tflowtothebrainproperly,causingatemporarylackofoxygenandevenblindness.Wangevervolunteeredtobeheldtothesamestandardsashermaletrainees.Hereffortswerenotinvain.WangbecameacrewmemberoftheShenzhou-10spacetaskin2013.SheearnedthetitleofChina'sfirstspaceteacheraftergivingaspacelecturetostudentsfromnorbitabovetheEarth'ssurface.AteamofChineseuniversitystudentsspecializinginaerospace,art,architectureandmusictranslateduniverseraysintomusic.TheysaidtheprojectwasinspiredbyWang'slivespacelecture,whentheywereteenagers.7．WhywasWang'sdaughterhappythistime?A．Wangpromisedtoplaygameswithher.B．Wangwouldcomebacksoonerthanusual.C．Wang'strainingwouldbelesshardthanbefore.D．Wangwouldflyintospaceforanhonourabletask.8．WhathadWangYapingbeenplanningtobecomewhenshewasinhighschool?A．Ateacher. B．Anastronaut. C．Anathlete. D．Asoldier.9．WhatkindofpersonisWangaccordingtothetext?A．Sociableandintelligent. B．Determinedandambitious.C．Generousandstrong-willed. D．Confidentandwarm-hearted10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Spaceknowledgehasbeenpopularizedinuniversities.B．Mostteenagerswillchooseastronautsasfutureoccupation.C．Theflameforspaceinteresthasbeenlitinyounggeneration.D．Theyoungprojectteamwillbesuccessorsofnextspaceflight.【答案】DABC【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国女航天员王亚平的故事。王亚平凭借出色的身体条件和心理素质，进入航空学院学习，通过多年的不懈的努力，成为中国首位进驻中国空间站的女航天员。7．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thistime,however,hergoodbyesparkedjoyinher5-year-olddaughter'seyesasshewas“shootingforthestars”evenifthiswasherlongestseparationfromhermother.WangtookpartintheShenzhou-13crewedtaskonOct.16.ShebecamethefirstwomantoenterChina'sspacestation.(然而，这一次，她的告别在她5岁的女儿眼中激起了喜悦，因为她正在“奔向群星”，即使这是她与母亲最长的分离。王亚平于10月16日执行了神舟13号载人任务。她成为第一位进入中国空间站的女性)”可知，这次女儿很开心是因为妈妈要到太空执行一项光荣的任务。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infact,shehadbeenconsideringapplyingtoteachingcollege.(事实上，这位17岁的年轻人一直在考虑申请师范大学)”可知，她中学时一直打算将来当老师。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“WangYaping'sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei's2003spaceflight.Shedesiredtobecomeafemalegoingintospace.(王亚平成为字航员的梦想是受到杨利伟2003年太空飞行的启发。她渴望成为一名进入太空的女性)”可知，她是有志向的；根据第五段“Shehadtostandeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Bloodcan'tflowtothebrainproperly,causingatemporarylackofoxygenandevenblindness.Wangevenvolunteeredtobeheldtothesamestandardsashermaletrainees.(她必须在旋转的离心机中承受八倍于重力的力，血液不能正常流入大脑，导致暂时缺氧，甚至失明。王亚平甚至自愿接受与男性学员相同的标准)”可知，她意志坚定。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“AteamofChineseuniversitystudentsspecializinginaerospace,art,architectureandmusictranslateduniverseraysintomusic.TheysaidtheprojectwasinspiredbyWang'slivespacelecture,whentheywereteenagers.(一支由中国大学生组成的专门从事航空航天、艺术、建筑和音乐的团队将宇宙射线转化为音乐。他们说，该项目的灵感来自王亚平的太空讲座，当时他们还是青少年)”可推知，年轻一代点燃了太空兴趣的火焰。故选C。第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·山东·夏津第一中学高三阶段练习）In1969,whenNeilArmstrongfirstlandedontheMoon,manypeoplethoughtsoonwewouldberegularlyvisitingotherplanets.____11____Therealityisthatspaceexplorationisextremelydifficultanddangerous.Somepeoplebelieveitisawasteofthepublicpurseanddoesnothingtoimproveourlives.Whydowecontinuetoexplorespace,then?____12____FromtheveryearlydaysofhumanlifeontheEarth,ourcuriosityabouttheunknownhaskeptusadventuringintonewplaces.Whilespaceexplorationisareality,weremaincuriousaboutthemysteriesoftheuniverse.Witheachspacemissioncomesgreaterinsight,thusmotivatingustocontinuealongthesamepathofadventure.Withtechnologiesdevelopedforspaceexploration,wecansolvesomebigproblemsfacingmankind,makingourlivessaferandeasier.____13____Originallyappliedtothespaceshuttlelaunch,theyhavealsobeensetupinthecitieswithahighfrequencyofearthquakestoprotectbuildingsandsavelives.Althoughspaceexplorationdemandshugeinvestment,itcanactuallybringgreateconomicvalue.Theglobalspaceeconomyisincreasingbybillionsofdollarseveryyear.____14____Jobsinthespaceindustrygofarbeyondtheastronauts.Therearemanysupportstaffontheground,suchasengineersandresearchassistants.Moreover,theamazingworkcanprovideeducationandinspirationforthenextgeneration.SuchwondersasaspaceshuttlelaunchorastronautswalkingontheMoonareincrediblyinspiringtowitness.Thesemomentsshapechildren'slivesforeverandmotivatethemtobecomethescientistsandengineersofthefuture.____15____A．Thisisclearlynotthecase.B．Itisinournaturetoexplore.C．Theuniverseistoomysterioustoexplore.D．Oneoftheseisearthquakeshockabsorbers.E．Itcanalsoprovideavarietyofcareeropportunities.F．Thesescientificandtechnologicaladvancescanbenefitsocietiesinmanyareas.G．Whenyou'veseenamanwalkontheMoon,yougrowupbelievinganythingispossible!【答案】ABDEG【分析】这是一篇说明文。探索未知是人类与生俱来的，太空探索技术的发展也能帮助解决人类面临的一些大问题，带来经济效益，创造更多工作机会，且对孩子们来说是一种激励。11．根据上文“In1969,whenNeilArmstrongfirstlandedontheMoon,manypeoplethoughtsoonwewouldberegularlyvisitingotherplanets.（1969年，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球时，许多人认为很快我们就会定期访问其他行星）”和下文“Therealityisthatspaceexplorationisextremelydifficultanddangerous.（事实是太空探索是非常困难和危险的）”可知，上文提到人们认为很快就可以定期访问其它行星，下文提到太空探索的艰难，由此推知空处陈述事实并不是人们设想的那样。A项“事实显然并非如此”符合题意，this指代上文人们的设想。故选A。12．根据下文“FromtheveryearlydaysofhumanlifeontheEarth,ourcuriosityabouttheunknownhaskeptusadventuringintonewplaces.（从人类出现在地球上的早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心就一直促使我们不断探索新的领域）”可知，人类对未知的探索是与生俱来的。B项“探索是我们的天性”符合题意。故选B。13．根据上文“Withtechnologiesdevelopedforspaceexploration,wecansolvesomebigproblemsfacingmankind,makingourlivessaferandeasier.（随着太空探索技术的发展，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更容易）”和下文“Originallyappliedtothespaceshuttlelaunch,theyhavealsobeensetupinthecitieswithahighfrequencyofearthquakestoprotectbuildingsandsavelives.（它们最初用于航天飞船发射，现在也被设置在地震频率高的城市，以保护建筑物和挽救生命）”可知，上文提到太空探索技术的发展也可以帮助解决人类面临的重大问题，而下文介绍了用于地震频发城市的一项技术，由此推知空处举例介绍一种用于地震的太空探索技术。D项“其中之一是地震减震器”符合题意，earthquake是关键词，下文的they指代选项中的earthquakeshockabsorbers。故选D。14．根据上文“Althoughspaceexplorationdemandshugeinvestment,itcanactuallybringgreateconomicvalue.Theglobalspaceeconomyisincreasingbybillionsofdollarseveryyear.（虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但它实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长）”和下文“Jobsinthespaceindustrygofarbeyondtheastronauts.（太空工业的工作远不止宇航员）”可知，上文提到了太空探索带来的经济效益，而下文则提到了工作，由此推知空处陈述它还带来了工作机会。E项“它也可以提供各种各样的工作机会”符合题意，also表明上下文的并列关系，选项中的It指代上文的spaceexploration。故选E。15．空处位于段末，应起总结作用。根据上文“Moreover,theamazingworkcanprovideeducationandinspirationforthenextgeneration.SuchwondersasaspaceshuttlelaunchorastronautswalkingontheMoonareincrediblyinspiringtowitness.Thesemomentsshapechildren'slivesforeverandmotivatethemtobecomethescientistsandengineersofthefuture.（此外，这些令人惊叹的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。像航天飞机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是令人难以置信的鼓舞人心的见证。这些时刻一直塑造着孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师）”可知，G项“当你看到一个人在月球上行走，你就会相信一切皆有可能!”符合题意，与上文承接自然，选项中的walkonthemoon呼应上文的astronautswalkingontheMoon。故选G。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022·全国·高二课时练习）TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isahugespacestation.Itisbeing____16____bythousandsofpeoplefrom16countries.Allthesepeoplearetryingtofindoutifhumanscanonedaybuild____17____inspace.Floating230milesaboveEarth,theInternationalSpaceStationcurrently____18____hugebuilding-blockprojectoutinspace.USspaceshuttlesandRussianrocketshavebeen____19____toolsandpiecesofthe____20____intospacetohelpfinishbuildingit.Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998toits____21____morethan100majorpieceswillbeputtogethertocreatethisamazingspacestation.When____22____,itwillbethelargeststructureevertoflyaboveEarth.TheISSwillbelargerthanafootballfieldandwillweighaboutonemillionpounds.Inadditiontohelpingbuildthespacestation,____23____aretryingtoanswersuchquestionsasthese:Howdoesspacetravelaffectgerms?Doesthehumanbodybreakdownfood____24____inspace?Someday,thestationmayevenserveasalaunchpad(发射台)fortripstoother_____25_____,suchasMars.Becauseofitsimpressivesize,theISSneedsalotof_____26_____.Likeotherman-madebodiesinspace,itspowercomesfromthesun.Tocreatesolar,energy,largepanels(嵌板)arelinedwithspecialmaterials.Thesematerials_____27_____thesun’senergyandchangeitintoelectricity.Sowhatdoesitcosttobuildsucha_____28_____?Itcostsover$60billiondollars._____29_____thismayseemastronomical,itmaybeasmallpricetopayforaprojectthatenablessomeoftheworld’sfinestscientiststoworktogether,exploringspacefortheworld‘s_____30_____.16．A．discussed B．used C．driven D．constructed17．A．schools B．shops C．homes D．factories18．A．lookslike B．comesfrom C．turnsinto D．belongsto19．A．changing B．transporting C．breaking D．dividing20．A．station B．material C．metal D．product21．A．design. B．progress C．popularity D．completion22．A．applied B．closed C．entered D．finished23．A．scientists B．professors C．architects D．workers24．A．differently B．actively C．instantly D．wholly25．A．surfaces B．planets C．locations D．lands26．A．astronauts B．experts C．power D．space27．A．collect B．produce C．provide D．consume28．A．house B．structure C．mode D．system29．A．Since B．If C．When D．Although30．A．existence B．future C．peace D．dream【答案】DCABADDAABCABDB【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的建设情况。16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由来自16个国家的数千人建造的。A.discussed讨论；B.used用；C.driven开车；D.constructed建造。由后文的“Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998”可知，这里应该讲的是国际空间站的修建。故选D项。17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些人都在试图发现人类是否有一天能在太空中建设家园。A.schools学校；B.shops商店；C.homes家；D.factories工厂。根据前面“humanscanoneday”可知，整句话上升到人类是否在外太空生存的高度，所以应讲人们希望在太空建造家园。故选C项。18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：目前，国际空间站漂浮在距地球230英里的高空，看起来就像一个巨大的太空建筑工程。A.lookslike看起来像；B.comesfrom来自；C.turnsinto变成；D.belongsto属于。根据下文“hugebuilding-block”表“巨大积木”可知，此处形容空间站像积木一样。故选A项。19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭一直在将空间站的工具和部件运送到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。A.changing改变；B.transporting运输；C.breaking打破；D.dividing划分。根据前文“Floating230milesaboveEarth”可知，空间站离地球很远，工具和部件是从地球运输到太空的。故选B项。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭一直在将空间站的工具和部件运送到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。A.station站；B.material原材料；C.metal金属；D.product产品。根据后文“thisamazingspacestation”可知，此处应表示为空间站（的工具和部件）。故选A项。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从1998年开始建造到完成，将有100多个主要部件组装在一起，创造出这个令人惊叹的空间站。A.design设计；B.progress进步；C.popularity流行；D.completion完成。根据前面“Fromthebeginningofitsconstruction”中“开始建造”对应，此处应选完成（建造）。故选D项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：建成后，它将成为有史以来在地球上空飞行的最大的建筑。A.applied应用；B.closed关闭；C.entered进入；D.finished完成。根据前面“construction”可知，太空站在建造中，此处指太空站完成建造后情况。故选D项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了帮助建造空间站外，科学家们还试图回答这样的问题：太空旅行如何影响细菌？人体在太空中分解食物的方式不同吗？A.scientists科学家；B.professors教授；C.architects建筑师；D.workers工人。根据后文“someoftheworld’sfinestscientiststoworktogether”前后对应，此处应填科学家。故选A项。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了帮助建造空间站外，科学家们还试图回答这样的问题：太空旅行如何影响细菌？人体在太空中分解食物的方式不同吗？A.differently不同的；B.actively活跃的；C.instantly立即地；D.wholly完全地。根据下文“inspace”可知，本句主要表达太空的生活方式和地球的不同。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，空间站甚至可能成为前往其他星球（如火星）的发射台。A.surfaces表面；B.planets星球；C.locations位置；D.lands地。根据后文“Mars”火星可知，此处主要讲星球。故选B项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于其巨大的体积，国际空间站需要大量的能量。A.astronauts宇航员；B.experts专家；C.power能量；D.space空间。根据后文“itspowercomesfromthesun”可知，此处应填能量。故选C项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些材料收集太阳的能量并将其转化为电能。A.collect收集；B.produce生产；C.provide提供；D.consume消费。根据后文的“changeitintoelectricity”可知，在太阳能转换电能之前是收集太阳能。故选A项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么建造这样一个结构需要多少成本呢？A.house房子；B.structure构造；C.mode模型；D.system系统。根据句意，和前文“hugebuilding-blockproject”和“Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998”可知，太空站是一个像积木一样构造物，此处应填构造。故选B项。29．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这（些花费）看起来太大了，但对于一个能让世界上一些最优秀的科学家一起为了世界的未来探索太空的项目来说，这可能是一个很小的代价。A.Since自从；B.If如果；C.When当；D.Although虽然。根据分析可知，这两句话是转折关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选D项。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这（些花费）看起来太大了，但对于一个能让世界上一些最优秀的科学家一起为了世界的未来探索太空的项目来说，这可能是一个很小的代价。A.existence存在；B.future将来；C.peace和平；D.dream梦想。根据前文“tofindoutifhumanscanonedaybuild2inspace”可知，探索太空是为了人类的未来。故选B项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2021·四川·岳池县教研室高一期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinalaunched(发送)theShenzhouXIIImannedspacecraftonOctober16th.Itcarriedthree____31____(astronaut)—ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu—toTiangongSpaceStation’scoremodule(核心舱)Tianhe.Zhaiisthecountry’sfirstastronauttotakeaspacewalk,____32____didsoinSeptember2008intheShenzhouVIImission.WangisChina’ssecondfemaleastronauttotakepart____33____aspaceflightandwasamemberoftheShenzhouXmissioninJune2013.ShewillbecomethefirstChinesewoman____34____(enter)TiangongSpaceStationandtakeaspacewalk.Whileit’sthefirsttimeforYetogoonhisjourneytospace.Theastronauts____35____(stay)inTiangongSpaceStationforsixmonths.It____36____(expect)tobethelongestspacejourneybyChineseastronauts,____37____(two)aslongastheShenzhouXIImission.Theastronautshave____38____lotoftasks,suchasperformingtwotothreespacewalks,____39____(check)theperformanceandcapabilityofdevicesinsidethestationandtestingsupportinstrumentsforastronauts’livesandworkduringlong-termflights.Andtheywillalsocarryout____40____(science)experimentsandtechnologydemonstrations(示范)inspacemedicine,microgravity(微重力)physicsandotherfields.【答案】31．astronauts32．who33．in34．toenter35．willstay36．isexpected37．twice38．a39．checking40．scientific【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十三载人航天器搭载的三名航天员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富，以及这三名宇航员的任务。【详解】31.考查名词单复数。句意：它搭载了三名航天员——翟志刚、王亚平和叶富——前往天宫空间站的天和核心舱。此处用名词astronaut做动词carried(搭载)的宾语，表示“宇航员”，且由前面的three(三个)可知，此处astronaut应用复数形式，故填astronauts。32.考查定语从句。句意：翟志刚是中国第一位太空行走的宇航员，他在2008年9月的神舟七号任务中进行了太空行走。分析句子结构可知，“_________didsoinSeptember2008intheShenzhouVIImission.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Zhai，指人，在定语从句中做主语，所以此处应用关系代词who来引导，故填who。33.考查介词。句意：王亚平是中国第二位参加航天飞行的女性宇航员，2013年6月曾是神舟十号任务的成员。Takepartin是固定搭配，表示“参加”，故填in。34.考查非谓语动词。句意：她将成为首位进入天宫空间站并进行太空行走的中国女性。The+序数词+sb.+todo是固定用法，表示“做......第几人”，此处用toenter作定语，修饰名词Chinesewoman(中国女性)，故填toenter。35.考查时态。句意：宇航员将在天宫空间站待六个月。空处做谓语，句子描述的是将要发生的事，应用一般将来时，且主语Theastronauts和动词stay(待)二者之间是主动，所以此处应用一般将来时的主动willstay，故填willstay。36.考查时态和语态。句意：这预计是中国宇航员最长的太空旅行，是神舟十二号任务时间的两倍。空处做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语it和expect(预计)二者之间是被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动，主语是第三人称单数，故填isexpected。37.考查副词。句意：这预计是中国宇航员最长的太空旅行，是神舟十二号任务时间的两倍。此处表示神舟十三宇航员在天宫空间站待的时间是神舟十二的两倍，应用副词twice，表示“两倍”，故填twice。38.考查固定搭配。句意：航天员有很多任务，例如进行两至三次太空行走、检查空间站内设备的性能和能力，以及测试设备长期飞行期间维持航天员生活和工作的能力。Alotof是固定搭配，表示“很多”，故填a。39.考查非谓语动词。句意：航天员有很多任务，例如进行两至三次太空行走、检查空间站内设备的性能和能力，以及测试设备长期飞行期间维持航天员生活和工作的能力。空处和performing(进行)，testing(测试)是并列关系，放在suchas后面，suchas此处是介词短语，所以此处应用check的动名词形式checking，故填checking。40.考查形容词。句意：他们还将在空间医学、微重力物理学和其他领域进行科学实验和技术演示。空后名词experiments(实验)应用形容词scientific来修饰，意为“科学的”，故填scientific。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）应用文写作（满分15分)（2022·山东淄博·高二期末）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim观看了中国的太空授课，发来邮件和你讨论太空探索（spaceexploration）的话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.观看的方式及感受2.太空授课的意义。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mgladtohearfromyou.LastThursday,ourschoolorganizedallofustowatchthefirstspacelecturewhichwashostedbyWangYaping.WewatchedthelivebroadcastonTVinourclass.Iwassoimpressedbythelecture.Ithinkthelectureisofgreatimportance.Atfirst,itinspiresourinterestinspace.Wearesocuriousinspacethatwewanttoworkhardandexplorethespace.Besides,bywatchingthelecture,weyouthcanhavemoreintuitiveaccesstoaerospaceknowledge.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Jim回复邮件，讨论太空探索的话题，内容包括：观看的方式及感受；太空授课的意义。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：glad→pleased重要的：ofimportance→important首先：atfirst→firstofall此外：besides→inaddition2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：WewatchedthelivebroadcastonTVinourclass.拓展句：WewatchedthelivebroadcastonTVinourclass,whichmadeusveryexcited.【点睛】[高分句型1]LastThursday,ourschoolorganizedallofustowatchthefirstspacelecturewhichwashostedbyWangYaping.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)[高分句型2Wearesocuriousinspacethatwewanttoworkhardandexplorethespace.(运用了so…that句型，表示“如此……以至于”)第二节(满分25分)（2022·江苏连云港·高二期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ihaven'tseenmyfatherforfiveyear.Asadevotedarchaeologist（考古学家）,hehasbeenworkinginGreece,sparingnotimeforfamilyreunion.Rightbeforemysummervacation,heinvitedmetovisithimandspendsometimetogether.That'swhyIamhere,atAthens