新版译林高中英语课件教案练习选择性必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past（B卷·提升能力）（解析版）

Unit3Backtothepast测试（B卷·提升能力）（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2021·浙江省桐庐中学高二阶段练习）Today,environmentalproblemshavetakenoverasthegreatestrisktolifeonEarth.Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,suchasreplacingcoalandoilwithformsofrenewableenergy.Buttheyarealsopreparingfortheworst:whatisourPlanBforEarth?Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichisrelativelyclosetoEarth.Marshasfascinatedpeoplesinceancienttimes.Sincethe1960s,wehavebeensendingunmannedspacecrafttoMars.Ourprobes(探测器)haveorbitedtheplanet,sendingbackvaluabledataandstunningimages.OurrobotshaveexploredtheMartiansurface,testingthesoilandsearchingforresources,waterandsignsoflife.Encouragedbydiscoveriesovertheyear,spaceagenciesofvariouscountiesarepanningmannedmissionstoMarsthatcouldtakeplacewithinthenext25years.NodoubtthathumankindisdrawntowardsMars,withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.However,sendingpeopletherewillrequireallthesill,courageandintelligenceofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays,itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,travellingthroughdangeroussolarradiation(辐射).AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarthever.Stayingalivewillbeadailychallenge,butasprovedbytheBiosphere2experiment,notimpossible.Althoughthetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess,itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently,scientistshavesucceededingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartothatonMars.Thatdefinitelyisabigstepforward.Fornow,humansettlementofMarsisstilldecadesaway.Untilwearefinallyabletoliveonanotherplanet,weneedtotakemuchbettercareofourown.Rightnow,it'stheonlyonewehave!1．PlanBforEarthisaimedat________.A．developingrenewableenergyresourcesB．seekingplanetsforhumans'secondhomeC．reducingtheenvironmentalrisktolifeonEarthD．findingthebestlocationofconductingspacemissions2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhythesettlementofMarsisdifficult?A．ItisverychallengingtosurviveonMars.B．ThejourneytoMarsmightbequitelongandrisky.C．TherehasbeennogreatprogressinstudyingMarsyet.D．Humanshaven'tfullyunderstoodhowtheymightliveonMars.3．Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyreadthistext?A．TheTraveller B．AllAboutSpaceC．BiologyforFun D．EnvironmentalConcerns【答案】BCB【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是讲寻找行星作为人类的第二家园，尤其讲了火星的探索进程和定居火星存在的困难。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.(一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在上面生活)”可知，地球的B计划旨在寻找行星作为人类的第二家园。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays,itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,travellingthroughdangeroussolarradiation(辐射).AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarthever.Stayingalivewillbeadailychallenge,butasprovedbytheBiosphere2experiment,notimpossible.Althoughthetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess,itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.(虽然可以在几天内到达月球，但要到达火星则需要几个月的时间，要穿过危险的太阳辐射。即使第一批定居者安全抵达火星，他们也可能永远无法返回地球。要想活下来每天都是一项挑战，但正如生物圈2号实验证明的那样，并非不可能。尽管这两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活)”可知，选项A，选项B和选项D都是在火星定居很困难的原因。根据第三段最后一句“Thatdefinitelyisabigstepforward.(这绝对是一个很大的进步)”可知，选项C“在研究火星方面还没有大的进展”错误。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichisrelativelyclosetoEarth.(一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，因为它离地球相对较近)”可知，文章主要是讲寻找行星作为人类的第二家园，尤其讲了火星的探索进程和定居火星存在的困难，太空科技类文章，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志“AllAboutSpace”上。故选B。B（2022·江苏如东·高二期末）Inthewavesofhumanexplorationintospace,ourbraveChinesepeoplehaveneverstoppedthepaceofadvancing.Injusthalfacentury,Chinahasmaderemarkablespaceexplorationsuccess.Afterlandingprobes(探测器)onthelunarandMartiansurfaces,Chinahasbeguntosetitsexploratorysightsonthecoreofoursolarsystem—thesun.NamedXiheafterthesungoddessinancientChinesemythology,the500-kilogramChineseH-AlphaSolarExplorersatellitewaslaunchedonOct.14fromtheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterinShanxiprovince.ThespacecraftisChina’sfirstspace-basedsolartelescopeandisdesignedtoworkforatleastthreeyears,WangWei,projectmanagerofthesatellite,toldChinaDaily.TheH-alphabandisoneofthebestspectral(光谱的)linestostudysolaractivity,accordingtotheGlobalTimes.“Theinstrumentisabletoobserveandrecordchangesinthesun’sphysicalelementslikeitstemperatureandspeed,facilitatingscientists’studiesaboutthedynamicsandphysicsduringasolareruption,”WangtoldChinaDaily.SeveralChinesesatellites,suchastheFengyun3Emeteorologicalsatellite,havecarriedequipmentthatcancollectsolardata,butXiheisthefirstoneintendedforsolarobservation.“SincesolaractivityhasmanyeffectsonlifeonEarth,itisimportantformankindtostudythesun,”ZhaoJian,aseniorofficialattheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,toldChinaDaily.Sincethe1960s,NASAhassentdozensofsolarorbiterstocirclethesun,andin2004,theGenesisspacecraftreturnedasampleofsolarwind.ThemostrecentlylaunchedsolarmissionwasParkerSolarProbein2018.EuropeandJapanalsohavesolarmissions,accordingtotheSouthChinaMorningPost.“OurcountryisrankedNo.2intheworldintermsofpublishedresearchpapersonsolarobservations,butallofthesatellite-generateddatausedbyourscientistsarefromforeignspacecraft,”ZhaotoldChinaDaily.“Xihewillputanendtothedependenceonforeignsatellites,andwewillshareitsproductswithresearchersaroundtheworld.”4．WhatdoweknowaboutXihe?A．Itisexpectedtoworkforfiveyears.B．Itisahalf-tonscientificresearchsatellite.C．ItisnamedafteranancientChinesescientist.D．Itistheworld’sfirstsolarobservationsatellite.5．WhatisthemaintaskofXiheaccordingtothetext?A．Toobserveothersatellitesaroundthesun.B．Toadjustthetemperatureandspeedofthesun.C．TostudyhowsolaractivityaffectslifeonEarth.D．Tomonitorchangesinthesun’sphysicalelements.6．Whyisitessentialtodoresearchonthesun?A．Ithelpsscientistslearnmoreaboutsolarhistory.B．Solareruptionsmaybringhumanbeingsdisasters.C．Ourrelianceonforeignsatelliteswillcometoanend.D．CreaturesonEartharegreatlyaffectedbysolaractivity.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．TheadvantagesoftheXihesatellite.B．ThesignificanceoftheXihemission.C．ThehistoryofChina’sspaceexploration.D．Thewayssatellite-generateddataarecollected.【答案】BDDB【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述在人类探索太空的浪潮中，勇敢的中国人民从未停止前进的步伐。在月球和火星表面着陆探测器后，中国开始将其探测目标放在我们太阳系的核心——太阳上。10月14日，中国H-Alpha太阳探测卫星在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“NamedXiheafterthesungoddessinancientChinesemythology,the500-kilogramChineseH-AlphaSolarExplorersatellitewaslaunchedonOct.14fromtheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterinShanxiprovince.”（10月14日，这颗重达500公斤的中国H-Alpha太阳探测卫星在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，以中国古代神话中的太阳女神命名为“羲和”。）可知，这颗太阳探测器重达500公斤，也就是半吨，它以中国古代神话中的太阳女神命名为“羲和”，在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，“羲和”是一颗半吨重的科学研究卫星。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第四段““Theinstrumentisabletoobserveandrecordchangesinthesun’sphysicalelementslikeitstemperatureandspeed,facilitatingscientists’studiesaboutthedynamicsandphysicsduringasolareruption,”WangtoldChinaDaily.”（“该仪器能够观察和记录太阳物理元素的变化，如温度和速度，有助于科学家研究太阳喷发期间的动力学和物理，”王告诉《中国日报》。）可知，这颗探测卫星的任务是观察和记录太阳物理元素的变化。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据第六段““SincesolaractivityhasmanyeffectsonlifeonEarth,itisimportantformankindtostudythesun,”ZhaoJian,aseniorofficialattheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,toldChinaDaily.”（中国国家航天局高级官员赵健告诉《中国日报》：“由于太阳活动对地球上的生命有许多影响，所以研究太阳对人类来说很重要。”）可知，因为太阳活动对地球上的生命影响很多，所以要去研究太阳。故选D。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Xihewillputanendtothedependenceonforeignsatellites,andwewillshareitsproductswithresearchersaroundtheworld.”（羲和将结束对外国卫星的依赖，我们将与世界各地的研究人员分享其产品。）可知，本段主要告诉读者羲和探测器在我国的航天事业上有着重大的意义。故选B。C（2022·浙江慈溪·高二期末）AdemonstrationmissiontotestanideaofcleaningupspacejunkwaslaunchedthismorninginKazakhstan.KnownasELSA-D,themissionwillexhibittechnologythatcanhelpdealwithspacejunk.ThespacecraftworksbyattemptingtoattachitselftodeadsatellitesandpushingthemtowardtheEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.ELSA-D,whichstandsforEnd-of-lifeServicesbyAstroscale,willbecarriedoutbya“servicerspacecraft”anda“clientsatellite”thatarelaunchedtogether,accordingtoAstroscale,spacecraftwillreleaseandtrytomeetwiththeclientsatellite,whichwillactasapieceofspacejunk.Themissionwillcarryoutthiscatch-and-releaseprocessrepeatedlyoverthecourseofsixmonths.Thegoalistoprovetheservicer’sabilitytotrackdownanddockwithitstargetinvaryinglevelsofcomplexity.However,thespacecraftisnotdesignedtodealwithdeadsatellitesalreadyinorbit,butratherfuturesatellitesthatwouldbelaunchedwithdockingplatesonthem.Spacejunkhasbeenagrowingproblemforyears.AccordingtoarecentreportbyNASA,atleast26,000ofthemillionsofpiecesofspacejunkarethesizeofasoftball.Orbitingalongat17,500mph,theycoulddestroyasatellite.Andthemostcommonspacejunk,morethan100millionpieces,isthesizeofagrainofsaltandcouldmakeholesinaspacesuit,amplifyingrisktospacecraftandcrew.Thedevelopmentofothercleanuptechnologieshasbeenunderwayforyears.In2016,Japan’sspaceagencysenta700-meterchainintospacetotrytoslowdownandredirectspacejunk.In2018,adevicecalledRemoveDebrissuccessfullycastanetaroundalargepieceofspacejunk.TheseeffortscouldproveincreasinglyimportantasprivatespaceprojectslikeSpaceXcontinuetofilllowEarthorbitinamessyway.8．Howwilltheservicerspacecraftfunction?A．Bybreakingspacejunkintopieces.B．BypushingspacejunktowardstheEarth.C．Byaddingdockingplatestoclientsatellites.D．BydrawingdeadsatellitesawayfromtheEarth.9．Whatkindofspacejunkwilltheservicermainlydealwith?A．Deadsatellitesinorbit.B．Largepiecesofspacejunk.C．Satellitestobelaunchedwithdockingplates.D．Spacejunkaroundworkingsatellitesinamessyway.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“amplifying”inParagraph4?A．increasing B．removingC．examining D．transporting11．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Spaceresearchisbecomingimportant.B．Thefunctionofartificialsatellitesisvarious.C．It’snecessarytoconducttheclear-upmission.D．SpaceXplaysanimportantroleinsendingsatellites.【答案】BCAC【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种清理太空垃圾的新方法。8．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“ThespacecraftworksbyattemptingtoattachitselftodeadsatellitesandpushingthemtowardtheEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.”（航天器的工作原理是试图将自己连接到死卫星上，并将它们推向地球，在大气层中烧毁。）可知，服务者航天器通过将自己连接到死卫星等太空垃圾上，并将它们推向地球，在大气层中烧毁来清理太空垃圾，由此可知，服务者航天器通过将太空垃圾推向地球来发挥作用。故选B项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“However,thespacecraftisnotdesignedtodealwithdeadsatellitesalreadyinorbit,butratherfuturesatellitesthatwouldbelaunchedwithdockingplatesonthem.”（然而，该航天器的设计目的并不是为了处理已经在轨道上的死卫星，而是为了处理未来发射的带有对接板的卫星。）可知，服务者航天器的设计目的主要是为了处理未来发射的带有对接板的卫星，由此可知，服务者将主要处理的太空垃圾是未来发射的带有对接板的卫星。故选C项。10．词义猜测题。根据画线单词句中“Andthemostcommonspacejunk,morethan100millionpieces,isthesizeofagrainofsaltandcouldmakeholesinaspacesuit”（而最常见的太空垃圾超过1亿件，只有一粒盐那么大，可以在宇航服上打洞）可知，常见的太空垃圾很多，有一粒盐那么大，可以在宇航服上打洞，由此可知，太空垃圾可以在宇航服上打洞，这无疑增加了航天器和宇航员的风险，“increasing”意为“增加”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Thedevelopmentofothercleanuptechnologieshasbeenunderwayforyears.”（其他清洁技术的开发已经进行了多年。）和“TheseeffortscouldproveincreasinglyimportantasprivatespaceprojectslikeSpaceXcontinuetofilllowEarthorbitinamessyway.”（随着SpaceX等私人空间项目继续以混乱的方式填满近地轨道，这些努力可能会变得越来越重要。）可知，太空清洁技术的开发已经进行了多年，并且随着私人空间项目以混乱的方式填满近地轨道，太空清洁会变得越来越重要，由此可知，从最后一段我们能推断出有必要执行太空清理任务。故选C项。D（2021·广东汕尾·高二期末）NASAhasflownanaircraftonanotherplanetforthefirsttime.OnMonday,April19,Ingenuity,a1.8-kilogramdrone(无人机)helicopter,tookofffromthesurfaceofMars,flewupaboutthreemeters,thenhoveredfor40secondsandtookphotosabovewithoneofitstwocameras.ThehistoricmomentwaslivestreamedonYouTube.“Wecannowsaythathumanbeingshaveflownadronehelicopteronanotherplanet,”saidMiMiAung,theIngenuityMarsHelicopterprojectmanageratNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,atapressconference.“We,together,flewatMars,andwe,together,nowhaveourWrightbrothersmoment,”sheadded,referringtothefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarthin1903.Thedetails:Theflightwasasignificanttechnicalchallenge,thankstoMars'sbone-chillingtemperatures(nightscandropdownto-130°F/-90°C)anditsincrediblythinatmosphere—just1%thedensityofEarth's.ThatmeantIngenuityhadtobelight,withrotorblades(螺旋桨)thatwerebiggerandfasterthanwouldbeneededtoachieveliftoffonEarth(althoughthegravityonMars,whichisonlyaboutone-thirdofEarth's,workedinitsfavor).TheflighthadoriginallybeenscheduledtotakeplaceonApril11butwasdelayedbysoftwareissues.Whyit'ssignificant:BeyondbeingasignificantmilestoneforMarsexploration,theflightwillalsopavethewayforengineerstothinkaboutnewwaystoexploreotherplanets.Futuredronehelicopterscouldhelpastronautsbyscopingoutlocations,exploringinaccessibleareas,andcapturingimages.IngenuitywillalsohelpinformthedesignofDragonfly,acar-sizedronethatNASAisplanningtosendtoSaturn'smoonTitanin2027.What'snext:Inthenextfewweeks,Ingenuitywillconductfourmoreflights,eachlastingupto90seconds.EachoneisdesignedtofurtherpushthelimitsofIngenuity'scapabilities.Ingenuityisonlydesignedtolastfor30Martiandays,andisexpectedtostopfunctioningaroundMay4.ItsfinalrestingplacewillbeintheJezeroCraterasNASAmovesontothemainfocusofitsmission:GettingthePerseverancerover(毅力号火星探测器)tostudyMarsforevidenceoflife.12．WhydoesMiMiAungmentionWrightbrothers?A．TohonorthehistoriccontributionofWrightbrothers.B．TomakeacomparisonbetweenWrightbrothersandherself.C．TohighlighttheimportanceofIngenuity'sMartianexploration.D．ToremindthepublicofthefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarth.13．WhatcausedchallengesforIngenuitydesigners?A．Thedelayofsoftwaretests.B．TheforceofgravityonMars.C．Mars'stemperaturesandatmosphere.D．TechnicaldifficultyinliftoffonEarth.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“milestone”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Agreatvictory. B．Adifficulttask.C．Aroadsidestone. D．Ahistoricevent.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MarsDroneHelicopterMakesHistoricFirstFlightB．ModernWrightBrothersMoment:MarsExplorationC．FirstDroneHelicopterSpotsEvidenceofLifeonMarsD．Ingenuity:MarsDroneFliestoTakeIncrediblePictures【答案】CCDA【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类第一部火星飞行无人机的相关细节、重要意义以及后续的探索计划。12．推理推断题。由第一段中的““Wecannowsaythathumanbeingshaveflownadronehelicopteronanotherplanet,”saidMiMiAung,theIngenuityMarsHelicopterprojectmanageratNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,atapressconference.“We,together,flewatMars,andwe,together,nowhaveourWrightbrothersmoment,”sheadded,referringtothefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarthin1903.(“我们现在可以说，人类已经在另一个星球上驾驶了一架无人驾驶直升机，”美国航天局喷气推进实验室独创性火星直升机项目经理MiMiAung在记者招待会上说。“我们一起在火星飞行，我们一起，现在有了我们的莱特兄弟时刻，”她补充说，指的是1903年地球上第一架动力飞机飞行)”和结合常识可知，莱特兄弟发明飞机是一件很重要的事，发言人MiMiAung提到莱特兄弟，是为了强调此次探索的重要意义。故选C项。13．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theflightwasasignificanttechnicalchallenge,thankstoMars'sbone-chillingtemperatures(nightscandropdownto-130°F/-90°C)anditsincrediblythinatmosphere—just1%thedensityofEarth's.(这次飞行是一次重大的技术挑战，这要归功于火星令人寒心的温度（夜晚可以降到-130华氏度/-90摄氏度）和难以置信的稀薄大气层——只有地球密度的1%)”可知，此次探索的主要的挑战来自温度和大气层。故选C项。14．词义猜测题。由第三段中的“Whyit'ssignificant:BeyondbeingasignificantmilestoneforMarsexploration,theflightwillalsopavethewayforengineerstothinkaboutnewwaystoexploreotherplanets.(重要的原因：这次飞行不仅是火星探测的一个重要milestone，还将为工程师们思考探索其他行星的新方法铺平道路)”可知，本句指这次飞行的重要历史意义，milestone指“历史性事件”。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“NASAhasflownanaircraftonanotherplanetforthefirsttime.(美国宇航局首次在另一颗行星上驾驶飞机)”以及后文说明了本次飞行的重要性等，可知“火星无人驾驶直升机历史性首次飞行”符合文意。故选A项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2020·全国·高二课时练习）A24-year-oldfemalespacecommander(指挥员)ZhouChengyuhasbeenaheatedtopiconWeibosinceChinesestatemediahighlightedherasoneofthewomeninvolvedinthesuccessfullaunchoftheChang'e-5lunarprobe(月球探测器)on23November.Socialmediausershavebeenreferringtoherasa"sourceofpride"forthecountry.____16____Severalpeoplejokinglyreflectedontheirownachievements,commentinghowfarbehindinlifetheywereincomparison.Startingin2004,theChang'eProgrammeconsistsofthreestagesof"orbiting","landing"and"returning".__17__InDecember2013,thegoalofChina'sfirstsoftlandingonthelunarsurfaceandgroundexplorationontheMoonwasachievedbythelanderandYutuLunarRoverofChang'e-3.Lastyear,Chang'e-4probemadethefirst-eversoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon.TheChang'e-5missionisChina'sthirdsuccessfulMoonlandinginsevenyears.___18___Ifsuccessful,ChinawouldbethethirdcountrytobringlunarsamplesbacktoEarthaftertheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.MostChineseknowthestoryofthemythologicalChang'e,theChinesegoddessofthemoon.Peoplecan'theartheword"Chang'e"withoutpicturingromanticimagesofamoongoddess.___19___AndsopicturesofZhouChengyuhavebeenalloverstatemedia,withcommentsabouthowsheisa"front-linesoldierinthefieldofaerospace"anda"bigsister"thatyoungChinesecanlookupto.However,thehugeamountofinterestintheGuizhouProvincenativehasnotappearedtohavehadmuchofaneffectonher.____20____A．Herstoryinparticularhasinspiredthepublic,consideringheryoungage.B．Sherefusedrepeatedrequestsforinterviewsinordertofocusonherwork.C．However,Chinahasbeentryingtohighlightstrongfemalefiguresinthecountry.D．Despiteheryoungage,ZhouisnowworkingatWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite.E．Itsaimistogatherlunarrocksandsoiltohelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthemoon.F．Forthisreason,China'smissiontothemoonwascallingoutforastrongfemalefigure(女性形象).G．Chinacompletedthe"orbiting"phasebylaunchingChang'e-1andChang'e-2lunarprobesin2007and2010.【答案】AGEFB【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要报道了24岁的女航天指挥员周成玉成功指挥登录月球的事，同时也介绍了我国的嫦娥计划。16．根据上文“Socialmediausershavebeenreferringtoherasa"sourceofpride"forthecountry.”（社交媒体用户把她称为我国的“骄傲之源”）和下文“Severalpeoplejokinglyreflectedontheirownachievements,commentinghowfarbehindinlifetheywereincomparison.”（一些人拿他们自己的成就开玩笑，说相比之下他们在生活中远远落后于别人）可知，设空处应陈述周成玉受到社交媒体用户的欢迎，并给这些人以鼓励。A项“考虑到她的年龄，她的故事尤其鼓舞公众”符合语境。故选A。17．根据上文“Startingin2004,theChang'eProgrammeconsistsofthreestagesof"orbiting","landing"and"returning".”（始于2004年，嫦娥计划分三个阶段——“轨道运行”，“着陆”和“返回”）和下文“InDecember2013,thegoalofChina'sfirstsoftlandingonthelunarsurfaceandgroundexplorationontheMoonwasachievedbythelanderandYutuLunarRoverofChang'e-3.”（在2013年12月，“嫦娥三号”着陆器和“玉兔”月球车实现了我国首次月球软着陆并探测月球表面的目标）可知，设空处应陈述和轨道运行相关的内容。G项“通过2007年发射的‘嫦娥一号’和2010年发射的‘嫦娥二号’中国完成了‘轨道运行’阶段”符合语境。故选G。18．根据上文“TheChang'e-5missionisChina'sthirdsuccessfulMoonlandinginsevenyears.”（嫦娥五号任务是中国在七年内第三次成功登月）和下文“Ifsuccessful,ChinawouldbethethirdcountrytobringlunarsamplesbacktoEarthaftertheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.”（如果成功的话，中国将成为继美国和前苏联后第三个带回月球样本的国家）可知，设空处应陈述嫦娥五号的任务是什么。E项“它的目标是收集月球岩石和尘土以帮助科学家更多的了解月球”符合语境，选项中的aim呼应上文的mission。故选E。19．根据上文“Peoplecan'theartheword"Chang'e"withoutpicturingromanticimagesofamoongoddess.”（中国人一听到‘嫦娥’这个词就会联想到月亮女神的浪漫形象）和下文“AndsopicturesofZhouChengyuhavebeenalloverstatemedia,withcommentsabouthowsheisa"front-linesoldierinthefieldofaerospace"anda"bigsister"thatyoungChinesecanlookupto.”（因此，周成玉的照片出现在全国的媒体上，有人评论说她是‘航天一线战士’，是中国人都尊敬的姐姐）可推知，设空处应陈述中国之所以会选一个女航天员，正是因为考虑到了月亮女神这个浪漫形象。F项“正是因为这个原因，中国登月的任务是唤起一个杰出的女性形象”符合语境，选项中的thisreason指代上文内容。故选F。20．根据上文“However,thehugeamountofinterestintheGuizhouProvincenativehasnotappearedtohavehadmuchofaneffectonher.”（然而，人们对这位贵州人的巨大兴趣似乎并没有对她产生多大影响）可推知，设空处应陈述没有给她带来很大影响的具体体现，即：周成玉对人们关注的具体表现。B项“为了专注她的工作，她多次拒绝了采访要求。”符合语境。故选B。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2021·湖北宜昌·高二期中）WhenNASAastronautsBobBehnkenandDougHurleytookofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinFloridaonSaturday,theymarkedthefirstsuccessfulrocketlaunch（发射）offAmericansoilinnineyears.However,itwasalsoafirstintheirclose____21____whichhasdevelopedovertheir20-yearworkatNASA．“Beingluckyenoughto____22____withyourbestfriendissomeastronauts’wishandwe’reluckyenough,”explained53-year-oldHurley.Thetwoastronautshad____23____themission（使命）,whichsawthem____24____landontheInternationalSpaceStation,overatwo-yearperiod.Whiletheywerefriendsbefore,inthistimetheycouldreallyseeeachother’sweaknessesand____25____.Andthey’re____26____thattheexperiencemadethemeven____27____together.SowhentheyclimbedintotheirspacesuitsandtheSpaceXCrewDragonspacecraft,thetwomenwere____28____notonlyintheirtechnicalskills,butin____29____thatthey’dhaveeachother’sbacks.Theircloserelationshiphasdevelopedpartlyfromshared_____30_____experiences.Theyboth_____31_____womenwhoplayedrolesinspacemissions.Andthe_____32_____offatherhoodisveryimportantforbothmen:Behnkenhasasix-year-oldson,Theodore,andHurleyhasa10-year-oldson,Jack.Withthetwoastronautslivingtheir_____33_____ofheadingintospaceasbestfriends,themissionwillhopefullyendwiththetwoofthemlandingsafelyintothecoolwatersoftheAtlantic.Afterthey_____34_____theirwork,theycansharethe_____35_____withtheirfamiliestogetheroncethey’rebackonEarth.21．A．idea B．birth C．fight D．friendship22．A．survive B．argue C．fly D．teach23．A．thoughtof B．preparedfor C．cutdown D．madeup24．A．successfully B．frequently C．violently D．casually25．A．changes B．memories C．strengths D．appearances26．A．terrified B．guilty C．anxious D．grateful27．A．faster B．closer C．taller D．smarter28．A．comfortable B．worried C．sad D．puzzled29．A．pretending B．wishing C．forgetting D．knowing30．A．learning B．travel C．family D．work31．A．saved B．married C．forgave D．admired32．A．question B．harm C．record D．role33．A．secret B．hobby C．habit D．dream34．A．finish B．combine C．plan D．seek35．A．expression B．experience C．scene D．manner【答案】DCBACDBADCBDDAB【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)宇航员鲍勃·本肯和道格·赫尔利上周六从佛罗里达州的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空，这标志着9年来美国本土首次成功发射火箭。然而，这也是他们二人在NASA20年工作中发展起来的亲密友谊中的第一次。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这也是他们在NASA20年工作中发展起来的亲密友谊中的第一次。A.idea思想，想法，主意；B.birth出生；C.fight战斗；D.friendship友谊。后面定语从句提到他们在20年共事过程中培养起来的，应该是友谊；由第五空前“Whiletheywerefriendsbefore,...，”第10空前的“Theircloserelationship...”及13空后的“asbestfriends”可知，他们是朋友，friendship符合语境。故选D项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：能有幸和最好的朋友一起飞行是一些宇航员的愿望，我们也很幸运。A.survive幸存，生存；B.argue争论，主张；C.fly飞行；D.teach教。他们是宇航员，共同进入太空，应该是一起飞行，遨游太空。故选C项。23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两名宇航员为这次任务做了两年多的准备，他们成功地降落在国际空间站上。A.thoughtof想到；想起；B.preparedfor为…...准备；C.cutdown删减，降低，砍伐；D.madeup组成，弥补，编造。下一句表示他们在太空站着陆，而该空使用了过去完成时，结合后面的时间状语“overatwo-yearperiod”可知，他们是在登陆国际空间站之前进行了两年的准备工作。故选B项。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这两名宇航员为这次任务做了两年多的准备，他们成功地降落在国际空间站上。A.successfully成功地；B.frequently频繁地；C.violently剧烈地，粗暴地；D.casually随意地。文章第一段“theymarkedthefirstsuccessfulrocketlaunch（发射）offAmericansoilinnineyears.”可知，他们此次登陆国际空间站是成功的。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们以前就是朋友，但这次他们可以真正看到彼此的弱点和长处。A.changes改变；B.memories回忆；C.strengths强项，长处；D.appearances外表。每个人都有自己的弱点与长处，此处应填strengths与weaknesses对应并列。故选C项。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很感激这次经历让他们更加亲密。A.terrified害怕的；B.guilty愧疚的；罪恶感的；C.anxious渴望的，焦急的；D.grateful感恩的。上文第二段“‘Beingluckyenoughto____withyourbestfriendissomeastronauts’wishandwe’reluckyenough,’explained53-year-oldHurley.”两次用到lucky，可知，他们对此次能一起进入太空站工作，感到感恩。故选D项。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很感激这次经历让他们更加亲密。A.faster更快的；B.closer更近的，更亲近的；C.taller更高的；D.smarter更聪明的。根据“Whiletheywerefriendsbefore,...”可知，他们以前就是朋友，他们认为这次一起登陆国际空间站，使他们的关系更进一步，更亲近，并与后面第10空前的“Theircloserelationship...”呼应。故选B项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当他们穿上宇航服登上SpaceX的“龙”号载人飞船时，两人不仅对他们的技术技能感到满意，而且知道他们会相互支持。A.comfortable舒适的；B.worried担心的，着急的；C.sad伤心的；D.puzzled困惑的。他们在此次执行任务过程中，彼此支持，使用了notonly...butalso表示该空与后面的彼此支持是并列的关系，应该是正面积极的形容词，对技术方面应该是很满意，没什么可担心焦虑的。B.C.D.项内容都不符合语境。故选A项。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当他们穿上宇航服登上SpaceX的“龙”号载人飞船时，两人不仅对他们的技术技能感到满意，而且知道他们会相互支持。A.pretending假装；B.wishing希望，祝愿；C.forgetting忘记；D.knowing知道。他们是朋友，同事，彼此信任，知道自己拥有对方的支持。故选D项。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的亲密关系部分源于共同的家庭经历。A.learning学习；B.travel旅行；C.family家庭，家人；D.work工作。根据后面说他们二人的妻子都是在执行太空任务中起到作用的女性，应该都是同事；都有一个小儿子，由此可知，他们二人的家庭情况也是相似的，空前的shared意为“相同的”。故选C项。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都娶了在太空任务中扮演角色的女性。A.saved挽救；节约；B.married结婚，娶；C.forgave宽恕，原谅；D.admired羡慕；欣赏。本段讲述他们的家庭情况，谈到了儿子，所指的women应该是指他们的妻子，用marry符合语境。故选B项。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲的角色对两个男人来说都很重要：Behnken有一个6岁的儿子，TheodoreHurley有一个10岁的儿子Jack。A.question问题；B.harm危害；C.record记录；D.role角色，作用。他们二人都有一个小儿子，他们二人担负着父亲的角色。故选D项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名宇航员以最好的朋友的身份实现了进入太空的梦想，这次任务有希望以他们两人安全着陆在大西洋凉爽的海水中结束。A.secret秘密；B.hobby爱好；C.habit习惯；D.dream梦，梦想。根据“ofheadingintospace”可知，进入太空应该是他们的梦想，理想。故选D项。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们完成他们的工作后，一旦他们回到地球上，他们可以与他们的家人一起分享经验。A.finish完成；B.combine结合；C.plan计划；D.seek寻求，寻找，追求。现在他们在太空站执行任务，后面主句表示他们回到地球可以和家人们分享他们的此次经历，那要他们完成他们的此次工作任务，才能返回地球。故选A项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们完成他们的工作后，一旦他们回到地球上，他们可以与他们的家人一起分享经验。A.expression表达，表情；短语；B.experience经历；经验；C.scene场景，场面，幕；D.manner方式，态度。他们一旦回到地球就可以和家人分享的是这次经历，即指此次太空之旅。故选B项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2021·上海普陀·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。BillionairesRacetoSpaceInlateJuly2021,JeffBezosachievedanout-of-this-worldambition.ThebillionairefounderofAmazon____36____(fly)totheedgeofspace—62miles(100kilometers)aboveEarth’ssurface—onarocketdesignedbyhiscompanyBlueOrigin.“Bestdayever,”BezossaidovertheradiotomissioncontrolafterlandingsafelybackonEarth,____37____othersweren’tsoimpressed.Theycalledthemissionanenormouswaste