2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit6Spaceandbeyond教学知识细解码教用文档教案外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit6Spaceandbeyond1．exceptionaladj.异样的→unexceptionaladj.平常的2．suspendv．暂停，中止→suspensionn．暂令停职3．notionn．概念；观点；看法→notionaladj.概念上的→notionallyadv.想象地4．accustomv．使适应，使习惯→accustomedadj.习惯的5．tragedyn．不幸；悲剧→tragicadj.凄惨的；悲剧的→tragicallyadv.凄惨地，不幸地6．shadown．坏影响，阴影→shadowyadj.阴暗的，朦胧的1．shadown．影子；阴暗处；少许；坏影响①Thechildrenwerehavingfun，chasingeachother'sshadows.影子②IthoughtIsawafigurestandingintheshadows.阴暗处③Thesepeoplehavebeenlivingforyearsundertheshadowoffear.坏影响④Ashadowofasmiletouchedhismouth.少许2．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员；(赛船的)划船队(员)；赛艇运动①I'mthinkingofgoingoutforcrewthisterm.赛艇运动②Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured.全体机组人员③HeisamemberoftheCambridgecrew.划船队WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的[教材P62]EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon20July1969，peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。[例1]Youmustaccustomyourselftobemoreateasewhenyouarebeforestrangers.当你在生疏人面前时，要使自己习惯于别太拘束。[例2]You'llsoonaccustomyourselftotheclimatehere.你将很快习惯这里的气候。[造句]他习惯于早起，这对他的健康有益。Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly，whichisbeneficialtohishealth.[学问拓展](1)beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)get/becomeaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)(2)accustomvt. 使习惯于accustomoneself/sb.tosth. 使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thestudentsquicklyaccustomedthemselves(they)tothenewtimetable，whichexcitedtheteachers.②Asweallknow，Englishpeopleareaccustomedtodriving(drive)ontheleft.[小片段填空]Accustomedtogettinguplateinthemorning，Ispendalotoftimeaccustomingmyselftotheschool'srulesandregulations.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)averageadj.平均的；一般的n．平均数；平均水平v.平均为[教材P62]Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents，allthreeastronautsoftheApollo11missionmadeitsafelybacktoEarth.完成阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员在一台比现在一般学生运用的功能要弱得多的电脑的引导下平安返回地球。[例1]Ittakesanaverageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted.售出一幢房子平均须要10周的时间。[例2]Iwasonlyaverageacademically.我的学习成果一般。[造句]他只是个一般的学生。Heisjustanaveragestudent.[学问拓展]anaverageof 平均有(后跟数词)onaverage 平均地；在一般状况下above/belowaverage 高于/低于平均数/水平uptotheaverage 达到平均数/水平[即学即练]单句语法填空①ItissaidthatthetimespentonhomeworkbyChinesestudentsismorethanfourhoursadayonaverage.②Totheirgreatjoy，theirson'sschoolworkiswellaboveaverage.③Theeconomyinthisareahasgrownataremarkablerate，averaging(average)almost10percentperannual.[小片段填空]Therewere90studentsgettingfullmarksintheexam，anaverageof18students(平均有18名学生)ineachclass.Tom'swasaboveaverage(在平均水平以上)whileJohn'swasbelowaverage(在平均水平以下)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)involvevt.包括；涉及；使参与[教材P62]WhentheChallengerspaceshuttletookoffon28January1986，theworldseemedtohavelostitswonderattheamazingachievementsoftheastronautsinvolved.1986年1月28日，“挑战者号”航天飞机起飞时，[例1]Anyinvestmentinvolvesanelementofrisk.任何投资都有确定的风险。[例2]Thetestwillinvolveansweringquestionsaboutaphotograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。[造句]让你的学生参与课堂活动是至关重要的。Gettingyourstudentsinvolvedinclassroomactivitiesisvitallyimportant.[学问拓展](1)involvesb.in(doing)sth. 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到 某事中involvedoingsth. 包括做某事；须要做某事(2)involvedadj. 困难的；有牵连的；有关的get/beinvolvedin 被卷入……之中；热衷于；用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth. 与某人混在一起/和某事有亲密联系(3)involvementn. 参与；加入；插手involvedadj.作前置定语时，意为“困难的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：aninvolvedsentence“一个困难的句子”；thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.②Inarecentbook，headvocatedmuchmoregovernmentinvolvement(involve)inhealthcare.③Whenshewasyoung，shedidasmanythingsasshecould，likegettinginvolved(involve)insportsteamsandschoolclubs.[小片段填空]Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.Sadly，aseriousaccidentinvolving(involve)agroupofyouthshappenedonhim.Involved(involve)inthecaraccident，hehadnoalternativebuttostayandwaitforthepoliceman.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)assumevt.假设，假定；认为；担当[教材P63]Theworldwentintoshock，mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人原来认为这次太空飞行会和乘一般飞机旅行一样平安。[例1]Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds.咱们短暂假设安排胜利。[例2]Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。[造句]在他被证明有罪之前，我们必需假定他是无辜的。Wemustassumehimtobeinnocentuntilheisprovedguilty.[学问拓展](1)assumesb./sth.tobe 假定/假设某人/某事为assumethat... 假设……；认为……Itis/wasgenerallyassumedthat... 普遍认为……(2)assumptionn. 假定，假设，设想ontheassumptionthat... 假定……，假设……assuming(that)... 假定……(作状语)[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Ihopetogotocollegenextyear，alwaysassuming(assume)thatIpassmyexams.②Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.③Peopleassumethatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.→Itisassumedthatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.(用it作形式主语改写)④Iftherewasnotthehardworkofthedustman，whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike?→Assumingthattherewasnotthehardworkofthedustman，whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike？(用assuming作连词改写)[小片段填空]Itisassumedthathardworkleadstogreatsuccess，soweassumehimtobesuccessful.Butassumingthatheisnotthatlucky，whatshallwedotocomforthim?eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)shadown．坏影响，阴影[教材P63]Itwasthemostdisastrousspaceaccidentever，anditcastashadowonpeople'shearts.这是有史以来最严峻的太空事故，给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。[例1]Sheseemedtohavealwaysbeenundertheshadowofherfather.她好像总是生活在父亲的阴影下。[例2]Thescandalcastashadowonhiscareer.这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。[造句]那棵树投下影子。Thetreecastitsshadow.[学问拓展]befrightened/nervous/scaredofone’sownshadow 特别胆小(或特别惊慌)intheshadowof 在……旁边undertheshadowof 在……的阴影中without/beyondashadowofadoubt 毫无疑问[即学即练]完成句子①Thenewmarketisintheshadowof(在旁边)theCityHall.②Katehasbeenlivingforyearsundertheshadowoffear(在恐惊的阴影中)．③Wheneverheseeshisboss，heisnervousofhisownshadow(特别惊慌)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)screamv．(因难受、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫[教材P63]TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid­airandweallstartedscreaming.“挑战者号”在半空中爆炸，我们都起先尖叫。[例1]Hecoveredhermouthtostopherfromscreaming.他捂上她的嘴，不让她叫出声来。[例2]Thekidswerescreamingwithexcitement.孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。[造句]那个女人躺在那里，疼得直尖叫。Thewomanlaythere，screamingwithpain.[学问拓展]screamwithlaughter 尖声大笑screamoutfor.../todo 亟须；亟待letoutascream 发出尖叫声[即学即练]单句语法填空①Someonewasscreamingoutforhelp.②Thesebooksscreamouttobeincluded(include)inalistoffavourites.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)suspendv．暂停，中止；悬挂[教材P63]FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster，spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated，andsomeoftheshuttle'scomponentswereredesigned.“挑战者号”灾难发生后，在调查灾难缘由的同时，航天飞机的飞行暂停了近3年，航天飞机的一些部件也进行了重新设计。[例1]Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.在进行平安检查期间生产暂停。[例2]Cancelorsuspendisnotallowed.不允许“取消”或“终止”。[造句]这周工会暂停了罢工。Theunionsuspendedstrikeactionthisweek.[学问拓展](1)suspendsb.fromsth. (尤指因为违反纪律)暂令某人停学或 者停职(2)suspendsth.fromsth./bysth. 悬挂besuspendedinsth. 悬浮在……中[即学即练]单句语法填空①Herbodywasfoundsuspendedbyarope.②Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.③Juliewassuspendedfromherjobshortlyaftertheincident.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)doubtn．怀疑v．怀疑；怀疑[教材P63]Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue，andon29September1988，thespaceshuttleprogrammeresumedwiththesuccessfullaunchofDiscovery.但载人飞行仍将接着，这一点毋庸置疑，1988年9月29日，随着“发觉号”的胜利放射，[例1]Thereissomedoubtaboutthebestwaytodoit.这件事怎么做才是最佳方法有点吃不准。[例2]Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫无疑问我们做得对。[造句]毫无疑问他会同意这个安排。Thereisnodoubtthathewillagreetotheplan.[学问拓展](1)havedoubtabout/whether... 怀疑……havenodoubtabout/that... 不怀疑……Thereisnodoubtthat... 毫无疑问……(2)withoutdoubt＝beyonddoubt 毫无疑问；确定地nodoubt 确定地；想必(3)doubtfuladj. 怀疑的在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句；在确定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ihopetheywillfinishtheprojectintime，buttheythemselvesareverydoubtful(doubt)thatitwill.②Istilldoubtwhetherthepriceofcomputersinthestorewillgodown，butIwilljustwaitandsee.③Ineverdoubtthatspecialclassescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesoon.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点9)remindsb.that...使某人想起……[教材P63]ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous，remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars，nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.“挑战者号”做出的牺牲呼喊着我们，提示我们必需接着努力进行星空探究，不管它们看起来有多么遥远。[例1]I'msorry，I'veforgottenyourname.Canyouremindme?对不起，我忘了你的名字。提示我一下好吗？[例2]RemindmetophoneAlanbeforeIgoout.提示我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。[造句]请提示他一到家就给我打电话。Pleaseremindhimtocallmeassoonashegetshome.[学问拓展]remindsb.todosth. 提示某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what ……提示(某人)……其他“v.＋sb.ofsth.”结构的短语还有：①informsb.ofsth. 通知某人某事②robsb.ofsth. 抢劫某人某物③accusesb.ofsth. 控告某人某事④warnsb.ofsth. 警告某人某事⑤curesb.ofsth. 治愈某人某病⑥convincesb.ofsth. 使某人信任某事[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Passengersarereminded(remind)thatnosmokingisallowedonthistrain.②Remindednottodrive(drive)afterdrinking，somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck，whichisreallydangerous.③Theresultwillhelptopredictsomemajorandseverediseasesandyourpreferencefordietandremindyouofsuitablewaystoexercise(提示你合适的熬炼方式)．SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)形容词短语作状语[教材P62]Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，意识到这是一项多么艰难和危急的任务，也意识到很多可能会出错的事情。句式分析：句子中awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong是形容词短语作状语，来说明主语的状态。[例1]Seriouslyinjured，someofthepassengersweresenttothenearesthospitalatonce.伤势严峻，一些乘客被马上送往了最近的医院。[例2]Brave，goodandstrong，Xiulianisthecharacterwecareaboutmost.我们最关切秀莲这个角色，她英勇、和善而且坚毅。[造句]经过长途旅行，他们三个回到了家，又冷又饿。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofthemreturnedhome，hungryandtired.[学问拓展](1)形容词(短语)作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、缘由或伴随状况等。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。假如用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。[翻译1]既惊异又兴奋，托尼站起来接受了奖品。Surprisedandhappy，Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.[翻译2]男孩满心恐惊地跑回家。Theboyranhome，fulloffear.[即学即练]单句语法填空①Luckily(luck)，hismotherwasverypatient，anddon'tgiveuptryingtohelphim.②Shelookedatme，happyandsatisfied(satisfy)．eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)no＋比较级＋than[教材P63]Theworldwentintoshock，mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人原来认为这次太空飞行会和乘一般飞机旅行一样平安。句式分析：“A＋nomore...thanB”句式表示两者都不……[例1]JohnisnobetterthanTom.约翰和汤姆都不好。[例2]JackisnomorediligentthanTom.杰克和汤姆都不勤奋。[造句]我和你个子都不高。Iamnotallerthanyou.[学问拓展](1)“no＋比较级＋than”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义，意思是“与……一样不……”，如：nobetterthan意义上相当于asbadas，nowiserthan意义上相当于asstupidas，noricherthan相当于aspooras，nobiggerthan相当于assmallas。(2)not＋比较级＋than含义是“不比……怎么样”比如notbetterthan...不比……好。(3)比较级的其他特别表示方法：①表示两者之中“较……”，用the＋比较级＋ofthetwo。Thisoneisthebiggerofthetwohouses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。②定冠词或指示形容词＋比较级＋名词表示比较。ThetallerboyisJohn.那个身高较高的男孩子是约翰。③有少数以ior结尾的形容词，如inferior(次于)，junior(地位低下的)，posterior(之后)，prior(之前)，senior(地位高)，superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思，常与介系词to连用。Thismethodissuperiortothatone.这种方法优于那种方法。(4)形容词比较级可以被副词如alittle(一点)，much(得多)，even(更加)，still(更加)，far(……得多)等修饰，但不行用very修饰。Lifeisverymucheasierthanitwastwentyyearsago.现在的生活比20年前简洁得多了。[翻译1]这本书不如那本书好玩。Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.[翻译2]这本书和那本书一样不令人感爱好。Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Heisseniortome.②Tom'shandwritingisfar/much/evenbetter(好得多)thanyours.Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.分析：本句的主干部分是Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，本句中独立主格结构是theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong这部分也是作状语。and是表示并列关系，而且后面省略了形容词aware。译文：数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，意识到这是一项多么艰难和危急的任务，也意识到很多可能会出错的事情。教材高考1.Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents...(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Freddywasanaveragestudent，butnotanaverageperson.2.TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid­airandweallstartedscreaming.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly，I'mface­to­facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．—Shallwegoforadrinkatoneo'clockthisafternoon?—Sorry，Icannotmakeit．Willtwoo'clockbeOK?2．Inspiteofwhathasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople，ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaproblem.3．—Whataboutthetwocars?—Thisoneisnomoreexpensive(expensive)thanthatone，buttheblueoneuseslessoil.4．Assuming(assume)thattheproposalisaccepted，whenarewegoingtogetthemoney?5．Accustomed(accustom)tolivinginthecountryside，MrKingfoundithardtoliveinthecity.6．Hardas/thoughmybrotherstudied，hewasn'tqualifiedenoughforagooduniversity.7．Sheisapersonaccustomedtohaving(have)eighthours'sleepanight.8．Maryseemsnot