备考2011高效学习方案英语高三册Units910HealthcareAmericanliterature

Units9～10Healthcare&Americanliterature(2009·金丽衢十二校联考)每年高考之前总会出现“高考移民”，他们设法到录取分数线较低的省份参加考试。你班同学就此展开讨论，提出了以下两种意见：赞同反对1.想上好大学，应予以理解；2．录取分数不一，对高分地区学生不公平；3．学生也是公民，应该有此权利和机会1.到其他地方会增加当地升学压力；2．对当地学生不利，也是一种不公平；3．主要有利于有权势者，对普通百姓不公平请就此给《学生英语报》(StudentTimes)写一篇报道，说明上述讨论情况。说明：1．词数120左右；2．标题和开头段已经给出，不计入总词数。StudentsontheMoveforTheirExams—FairorUnfair?Everyyearsomestudentsfromhigh－scoreareasmovetootherprovincestotakethecollegeentranceexamination.Recentlywehadadiscussionaboutthis.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[参考答案]StudentsontheMoveforTheirExams—FairorUnfair?Every_year_some_students_from_high－score_areas_move_to_other_provinces_to_take_the_college_entrance_examination._Recently_we_had_a_discussion_about_this.Somethinkitunderstandableforthestudentstomovetootherplacestotaketheexamsincetheywanttobeabletostudyatabetteruniversity.Anditseemstobetherightofastudentasacitizentohavesuchachance,especiallythosefromanareaofhighentryscore.Otherwise,theyhavetogetmuchhigherscorestoenterauniversitythanthosewhoarefromalowentry－scoreprovince.Otherstakeaquitedifferentstand.Theythinkthosewhoarefromhigh－scoreareaswouldaddpressuretotheareastheymoveto,whichalsomeansunfairtothosestudentsinlow－scoreareas.What’smore,itseemstobejustfavourabletothepowerfulandnotfairtoordinarypeople.Sotheydon’tthinkitagoodthing.Ⅰ.重点单词1．______(n.) 统计资料；(一组)数 据；统计学2．______(n.) 津贴；补助3．______(v.) 滥用；虐待；辱骂 (n.) 滥用；虐待；辱骂4．______(adv.) 无论如何；至少5．______(n.) 祈祷；祷告6．______(vi.)(wept,wept) 哭；哭泣[答案]1．statistics5．prayerⅡ.词汇拓展1．devotion→______(v.)献身；专心于2．significance→______(adj.)有意义的3．incident→______(adj.)容易发生的，伴随的4．unfortunate→______(反义词)→______(n.)运气5．chemist→______(n.)化学→______(adj.)化学的6．pressure→______(v.)按，压7．fundamental→______(n.)→______(n.)基本性8．insurance→______(v.)→______(adj.)可以保险的9．simplify→______(adj.)简单的10．approve→______(adj.)被认可的→______(adj.)可批准的，可赞同的11．baggage→______(同义词)行李12．worn→______(v.)穿，佩带13．bell→______(n.)肚子；腹部14．furnish→______(n.)家具15．prince→______(n.)公主[答案]1．devote4.fortunate;fortune5．chemistry;chemical7.fundament;fundamentality8．insure;insurable10.approved;approvable11．luggage14.furnitureⅢ.重点短语1．lead______通向；导致2．putpressure______对……施加压力3．aim______以……为目标4．depend______依靠，取决于5．thanks______多亏，由于6．suffer______遭受7．getrid______摆脱8．makeends______使收支相抵；量入为出9．makematters______使情况更困难或更危险10．lay______解雇；不理会；使下岗11．beburdened______负重担12．do______处理；对付13．beanxious______为……担心；为……着急14．inside______彻底地；里面翻到外面15．______length终于；最后；详细地16．fixsth.______sb./sth.全神贯注于；凝视17．let______不支持；使失望18．do______打扮；梳妆19．takepride______感到自豪20．attend______处理；照顾；关照[答案]1．to8．meet13．about16.on(upon)18．upⅣ.重点句型1．Iflow－incomefamiliescan’taffordtopurchasemedicalinsurance,aswasthecasewithWangLin,othermeasurestoreducepovertywillnotsucceed.如果低收入家庭买不起医疗保险，正如王林的情况那样，那么其他的脱贫措施就不能成功。2．Flemingcontinuedhissearchuntilafortunateincidentledhimtoanewdiscoveryofevengreatersignificance.弗莱明继续进行探索，直到一次偶然的机会导致了他那具有更大意义的新发现。3．Treatmentswereneitherscientificnoreffective,andmanypatientssuffereddeadlyinfectionsasaresultofoperations.治疗既没有科学性又无效果，因此许多病人由于手术而遭受致命的感染。4．TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.明天就是圣诞节了，可她只有美元来给吉姆买份礼物。5．Solet’sforgetaboutitnowandhaveourdinner,shallwe？咱们不谈这事了。现在吃饭好吗？Ⅴ.重点语法1．ReviewtheSubjunctiveMood2(复习虚拟语气2)2．ReviewVerbTenses(复习动词的时态)Ⅰ.词汇聚焦1．consultvt.&vi.向……咨询；查阅搭配：consultwithsb.与某人商量；consulton/aboutsth.就某事进行磋商；consultsb.aboutsth.向某人请教，咨询某事Haveyouconsultedyourdoctoraboutyourillness?关于你的病情，你找你的医生看过了吗？Haveyouconsultedwiththeothermembersoftheteam?你和其他队员商量过了吗？Heconsultedhisdictionarytolookupthemeaningoftheword“apotheosis”．他在字典中查看“apotheosis”这个单词的意思。[指点迷津]consult查阅(词典等)；lookup(在词典等中)查阅(单词等)Beforewecanacceptthemanagement’sofficewemust______theworkersagain.A.consultwith B.consultC.lookup D.advise解析：当对象是比主语更具权威性的字典、老师、医生等时，应用consultsb.意为“向某人请教”；当对方是与主语处于同一地位、阶层等时应用consultwithsb.意为“与……商量”；lookup“查阅”；advise“建议”。答案：A2．insurancen．保险；保险费；保证搭配：aninsuranceagainst...防止……的保证；provideinsuranceagainst...提供防止……的措施；aninsurancecompany保险公司；insurancepolicy保险单；laborinsurance劳动保险；accidentinsurance意外保险；accidentdeathinsurance意外死亡保险Peoplewithoutinsurancehadtopayfortheirownrepairs.未投保者需自付修理费。Abalanceddietisaninsuranceagainstmalnutrition.均衡的饮食是防止营养不良的保证。扩展：insurevt.给……保险；保证，确保[指点迷津]assurance主要表示“确信，确保”，表示“保险”时为英式英语，主要用于短语anassurancecompany(保险公司)和lifeassurance(人寿保险)中。Aftertherobbery,theshopinstalledasophisticated(复杂的)alarmsystemasaninsurance______furtherlosses.A.for B.fromC.towards D.against解析：insurance“保险措施，预防(手段)”，后接against表示“针对……”。答案：D3．abusen.&vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂搭配：abuseone’sauthority/position/power滥用职权，滥用权力；abuseaprivilege滥用特权；abuseachild虐待小孩；anabuseofposition职权的滥用；anabuseofdrugs药物的滥用；atermofabuse骂人的话Someofficialsabusetheirpowerandtreatpeoplewithcontempt.一些官员滥用权力，盛气凌人地对待人民。Sheabusedhimforhisneglect.她痛骂他的疏忽。[指点迷津]abuse很少用于指物件，但用于指物件时，语气比misuse强，且有损坏之意。Ithasbeenrevealedthatsomegovernmentleaders______theirauthorityandpositiontogetillegalprofitsforthemselves.A.employ B.takeC.abuse D.overlook解析：句意：据透露，一些政府领导滥用职权，非法牟利。abuse在此句中意为“滥用”；employ“雇用”；take“拿”；overlook“忽略”。答案：C4．rarea．①稀有的，罕有的，冷僻的②珍奇的，出类拔萃的③(空气等)稀薄的④(肉)煎得嫩的搭配：rarespecies珍稀动物；araredisease罕见的病；rareair稀薄的空气；araresteak鲜嫩的牛排副词形式：rarely很少地，难得地Itisrareforhimtobelate.他很少迟到。BigBeninLondonhasrarelygonewrong.伦敦的大本钟很少出差错。OnlyrarelydoIeatinrestaurants.我极少到饭馆吃饭。[指点迷津]rarely本身有否定意义，在句首时句子用倒装结构。Thebirthofastarisa______，slowevent,allbutaveryfewofthestarsvisibletothenakedeyehaveexistedlongerthanmankind.A.seldom B.leastC.rare D.scarce解析：因长期缺少而珍贵的称为rare；因暂时缺乏而不足的称为scarce，指时间或频率，用rare或seldom，不用scare;least最少的，为little的最高级。答案：C5．furnishvt.为……提供家具；用家具布置awell－furnishedroom家具齐备的房间aroomfurnishedwithantiques布置有古董的房间Afurnishedhouseisonethatisrentedwiththefurnitureinit.备有家具的房屋指的是附带家具出租的房子。Thehouseiswellfurnished.这间房子家具齐备。[指点迷津]furniture意为“家具”，是不可数名词，常用搭配为：apieceoffurniture一件家具asetoffurniture一套家具It’scostingusafortuneto______ournewflat.A.equip B.furnishC.mend D.repair解析：根据句中的“ournewflat”可排除C、D，mend和repair意为“修补”；furnish指配置陈设在室内使生活舒适的家具，包括地毯、帷帘等，其配备对象是住所；equip为特定目的而装备设备，涉及对象范围较广，既可指安装设备，也可指提供生活、工作或战斗所需的器具或武器。答案：B6．congratulatevt.祝贺，庆贺搭配：congratulatesb.onsth.向某人祝贺某事；congratulateoneselfon庆幸，感到幸运；congratulationn．(pl.);offerone’scongratulations致祝词；Congratulations！恭喜恭喜！Wecongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexamination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。Congratulationsonyoursuccess!恭喜你成功！[指点迷津]congratulate常与介词on/upon连用。WhenIpassedtheentranceexamination,myfamily______me______mysuccess.A.celebrated;on B.congratulated;onC.celebrated;to D.congratulated;to解析：congratulatesb.onsth.“祝贺某人某事”。答案：BⅡ.短语突破1.Hewasaboringnuisance!I’mgladtogetridofhim.他这人真讨厌！我很庆幸能摆脱他。[指点迷津]getridof强调“摆脱掉疾病等麻烦事，除去不好的东西”；而breakawayfrom则强调“脱离政党或某一组织”。Howcanwe______allthesefliesinthekitchen?A.getridof B.sendC.throwaway D.take解析：getgidof“摆脱，除掉，赶走，消灭”；send“派送”；throwaway“扔掉”；take“拿(走)”。根据题意A正确。答案：ADuringtherecessiontheylaidusoffforthreemonths.在不景气时期，他们停雇了我们3个月。Laydownyourarmsandcomeoutwithyourhandsup.放下武器，举起手走出来。Shelaidoutthemaponthetable.她把地图铺在了桌子上。[指点迷津]layoff尤指生意萧条时临时性解雇雇员。Thestorehadto______anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.A.layout B.layoffC.layaside D.laydown解析：句意：因为销售额下降，这家商店不得不裁减一些人员。layoff“解雇”；layout“展开”；layaside“搁置一边”；laydown“放下，交出”。答案：B3．atlength终于；最后；详细地Atlengthhereturned.他终于回来了。Shespokeatlengthabouttheplightoftherefugees.她详尽地讲述了难民们的悲惨境遇。[指点迷津]atlength作“终于，最后”讲时，与atlast,intheend,finally等的意思相近，都意味着“在经过很长时间之后”。Theteacherexplainedtherulesofthegame______sothatthestudentscouldunderstandwhattodo.A.inadvance B.atmostC.atlength D.atleast解析：atlength在此句中意为“详细地”；inadvance“提前”；atmost“至多”；atleast“至少”。答案：C4．letdown不支持；使失望I’mcountingonyoutosupportme;don’tletmedown.我一直指望你支持我，可别叫我失望。LetdownaropesothatIcanclimbup.把绳子放下来，好让我爬上去。I’mgoingtoletdownthisolddressformydaughter.我要把这件旧衣服放长给我女儿穿。[指点迷津]letdown作“使失望”讲时，与disappoint近义。—Totellyouthetruth,youwereexpectedtowinthecookingcompetition.—I’msorry.______.A.Ididn’tmind B.IletyoudownC.Thankyou D.Icouldn’t解析：根据上下文语境，“towinthecookingcompetition”和“I’msorry”可知，没有赢这场比赛，故Iletyoudown让你失望了。答案：B5．doup打扮；梳妆；扣，系，扎Maryhasdoneherselfupfortheparty.玛丽已打扮好，准备参加舞会。Thisskirtdoesupattheback.这条裙子是从后面扣的。[指点迷津]doup作“打扮”讲时，与makeup近义；作“扣，系，扎”讲时，与tie,fasten近义。Youshould______yourbuttonbeforeyougivealecture.A.doup B.speedupC.clearup D.carryout解析：本题考查词组辨析。doup“扣，系，扎”；speedup“加速”；clearup“清除，整理”；carryout“实施，执行，开展”。根据句意应该是“扣上扣子”。答案：AYou’dbetterattendtothechildrenfirst—theyneedtheirbreakfast.你最好还是先去照料孩子们——他们需要吃早餐。Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.女王有一个好医生在照料他。[指点迷津]attendto作“处理”讲时，与do(deal)with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与takecare,lookafter近义。attend侧重参加会议(聚会)等。Thisisthenursewho______tomewhenIwasillinhospital.A.accompanied B.attendedC.entertained D.protected解析：句意：我生病住院时，这个护士照顾我。accompany意为“陪伴；伴奏”；entertain“娱乐，招待”；attendto“照顾”；protect“保护”。答案：BⅢ.句型归纳1．Theycannotaffordtoconsultadoctororpurchasemedicinesfromachemistwhentheygetsick,norcantheymakesurethattheirchildrenkeepahealthydiet.他们生病的时候，既负担不起看医生的费用，也付不起从药剂师那里买药的钱，更不用说，保证孩子们的健康饮食了。该句中“nor＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语＋实义动词”，为倒装句式，表示前面的否定含义适用于另外的人。[思维拓展]so,nor,neither构成的倒装句：①so＋do(be,have,can,will)＋主语表示上句所说的肯定情况也适用于另一主语。②neither/nor＋do(be,have,can,will)＋主语表示上句所说的否定情况也适应另一主语。③soitis/waswithsb.(＝soitis/wasthesamewithsb.)用于上句既有肯定又有否定或既有系动词又有实义动词的情况。如：Johnlikesfishbutdoesn’tlikemeat,soitiswithMary.JohnwasborninthecountrysidebuthegrewupinBeijing,andsoitwasthesamewithMary.④so＋主语＋do(be,have,can,will)表示对上句提及的情况给予肯定。如：—TomspeaksEnglishwell.—Sohedoes.⑤主语＋do＋so表示该句中的主语重复了前文中的动作。如：Theteacheraskedmetofetchsomechalk,andIdidso.—Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.—Goodheavens,______.A.sodidI B.soIdidC.Ididso D.Isodid解析：根据上下文句意，该空格处应表示“我确实如此”。答案：B2．Iflow－incomefamiliescannotaffordtopurchasemedicalinsurance,aswasthecasewithWangLin,othermeasurestoreducepovertywillnotsucceed.如果低收入家庭买不起医疗保险，正如王林的情况，减少贫穷的其他措施将不成功。该aswasthecasewith...为一个固定句式，表示“正如……情况那样”，该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，指代上句叙述内容。而同类句式：Asinyourcountry,wegrowriceinthesouthandwheatinthenorth。as在该句中引导一个省略的方式状语从句，相当于Asitisinyourcountry。又如：Theresultofthisexperimentisgoodenoughasitis。[思维拓展]①inthat/thiscase如果那样/这样②inanycase无论如何，不管怎样③innocase决不，任何情况都不④incaseof以防，万一⑤asisoftenthecase这是常有的事______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.WhenC.What D.As解析：根据句式结构，此处为非限制性定语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首。答案：DIcanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.why B.whichC.as D.where解析：case意为“场合”，为地点名词，故须用where引导定语从句，where在从句中作状语。答案：D3．Threemonthslater,however,WangLinwastoldaboutahealthcareprojectthatprovidestreatmentathalfthecostorless,dependingontheneedsofthepatient.但是三个月后，王林听说有一个保健项目能根据患者需要以半价、甚至更低的价格提供治疗。该句中dependingontheneedsofthepatient为分词短语，相当于whichdependsontheneedsofthepatient。dependon表示“相信，依靠，依赖，由……而定”。Youcandependonhim.Heisadevotedfriend.Shedependsonherpenforaliving.Whetherthesportmeetingshouldbehelddependsontheweather.—Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation?—It______.A.alldepend B.alldependsC.isalldepended D.isalldepending解析：根据原题，此处应表示“视情况而定”。答案：B4．CorporationsandprivatecitizensalsodonatemoneythroughtheHopeProject.各个公司和市民也通过“希望工程”捐助钱财。throughprep.bywayof(指空间)穿过，通过Lightcomesinthroughthewindow.光线从窗户进来。(指时间)从头到尾经过，自始至终throughtheages古往今来readthroughthebook看完一本书[指点迷津]across与throughacross横过，穿过，着重指一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边；含义与on有关，acrossthestreet“横过马路”。through穿过，从……中通过，含义与in有关，throughthetunnel“穿过隧道”。Thesunlightcam