艾滋病医学英语

演讲人：日期：艾滋病医学英语目录CONTENTSOverviewofAIDSAIDSrelatedmedicalEnglishtermsAIDSdetectionandevaluationmethodsAntiviraltreatmentstrategiesandprogressPreventionandtreatmentplanforapplications01OverviewofAIDSAIDS,orAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,isapotentiallylife-threateningconditioncausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)Thisvirusattacksthebody'simmunesystem,specificallytargetingCD4T-cells,whicharecriticalforlightingoffinfectionsDefinitionHIVisprimarilytransmittedthroughunprotectedsexualcontactwithanaffectedindividual,exposedtoaffectedbloodorbloodproducts,andfrommothertochildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingTransmissionchannelsDefinitionandtransmissionchannelsAIDSremainsasignificantglobalhealthissue,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideAltoughprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventionandtreatment,theepisodecontinuestoposeaseriousthreat,specificallyinresourcelimitedsettingsGlobalsituationThepresenceofAIDSvariablessignificantlyfromcountrytocountryInsomeregions,effectivepreventionandtreatmentprogramshaveledtoadecreaseinnewinfectionsandimprovedoutcomesforthoselivingwithHIVHowever,challengessuchassigma,discrimination,andlimitedaccesstohealthcareservicespersistDomesticsituationGlobalanddomesticcurrentsituationanalysisClinicalpresentationsThesymptomsofAIDSvarydependingonthestageofthediseaseInitially,HIVinfectionmaycauseflulikesymptomssuchasfever,headache,andfatigueAsthediseaseprogresses,moreseveresymptomssuchasweightloss,persistentdiarrhea,andopportunisticinfectionsmaydevelopClinicalpresentationsandstagingStagingTheprogressionofAIDSistypicallydividedintothreestages:acuteHIVinfection,chronicHIVinfection,andAIDSDuringtheacutestage,thevirusreplicatesquicklyandtheimmunesystembeginstorespondInthechronicstage,theviruscontinuestoreplicatebutataslowrate,andtheimmunesystemgraduallyweakensFinally,intheAIDSstage,theimmunesystemisseverelydamagedandtheindividualishighlysusceptibletoopportunisticinfectionsandcancerClinicalpresentationsandstagingDiagnosticcriteriaAIDSisdiagnosedbasedonacombinationofclinicalsymptoms,laboratorytests,andahistoryofexposuretoHIVApositiveHIVantibodytestiscurrentlythefirststepinthediagnosticprocess,followedbyconfirmationtestssuchasaWesternblotornuclearacidamplificationtestBasisfordiagnosisThediagnosisofAIDSistypicallybasedonthepresenceofspecificsignsandsymptoms,suchaspersistentfever,weightloss,andopportunisticinfectionsInaddition,laboratorytestssuchasCD4T-cellcountsandvirtualloadmeasurementsarebeingusedtoassesstheseverityoftheimmunesystemdamageandtheprogressionofthediseaseDiagnosticcriteriaandbasis02AIDSrelatedmedicalEnglishtermsHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV)ThevirusthatcausesAIDSAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)ThemostadvancedstageofHIVinfectionHTLV-IIIAnothernameforHIV,althoughlesscommonlyusednowSIVSimianImmunologyVirus,closelyrelatedtoHIVandfoundinmonkeysCommonvirusnamesandabbreviationsImmunesystemrelatedvocabularyLymphocytesWhitebloodcellsthatplayakeyroleintheimmunesystemT-cells(orT-lymphocyte)AtypeoflymphocytethathelpsthebodyfitinfectionCD4countAmeasureofthenumberofCD4T-cellsintheblood,importantformonitoringHIVprogressOpportunisticeffectsEffectsthatoccurmorefrequentlyoraremoresevereinpeoplewithweakenedimmunesystems,suchasthosewithAIDSKaposi'ssarcomaAtypeofcancerthatismorecommoninpeoplewithAIDSAtypeoflunginfectionthatisacommonopportunisticinfectioninpeoplewithAIDSAconditioncharacterizedbyweightloss,musclewasting,andweaknessHIVcanaffectthebrainandnervoussystem,leadingtoarangeofneurologicalproblemsPneumocystispneumonia(PCP)WaitingsyndromeNeurologicalapplicationsTerminologyrelatedtoclinicalpresentationsandapplicationsAntiviraltherapy(ART)TheuseofdrugstoslowtheprogressionofHIVinfectionHAART(HighlyActiveAntiviralTherapy)AcombinationofmultipleantiviraldrugsusedtotreatHIVProteininhibitorsAclassofantiviraldrugsthatblockanenzymeneededforHIVreplicationNucleoside/nitratereversetranscriptaseinhibitors(NRTIs)AnotherclassofantiviraldrugsthatinterferewithHIVreplicationbyblockinganenzymecalledreversetranscriptaseTerminologyfortherapeuticdrugsandregimens03AIDSdetectionandevaluationmethodsEnzymelinkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)AcommonmethodfordetectingantibodiestoHIVinbloodsamplesPolymerasechainreaction(PCR)AmoleculartechniqueusedtoamplyanddetectHIVgeneticmaterialinbloodorotherbodilyfluidsWesternblotAmorespecifictestthatconfirmsHIVinfectionbyidentifyingspecificproductsproducedbythevirusIntroductiontoLaboratoryTestingMethods03SocialandeconomicriskfactorsIncludingpower,limitedaccesstohealthcare,andsigmaanddiscrimination01BehavioralriskfactorsIncludingunprotectedsexualintercourse,injectiondruguse,andmultiplesexualpartners02BiologicalriskfactorsSuchasthepresenceofothersequentiallytransmittedinfections(STIs)oraweakenedimmunesystemConstructionofriskassessmentindicatorsystemEpidemiologicalinvestmentskillstrainingSkillsinusingstatisticalsoftwareandepidemiologicalmethodstoanalyzeandinterpretcollecteddataAnalysisandinterpretationofdataTraininginconductingsensitiveandconfidentialinterviewswithindividualsatriskoforlivingwithHIVInterviewtechniquesIncludingtheuseofquestions,observation,andreviewofmedicalrecordsDatacollectionmethodsMonitoringandevaluationframeworksEstablishingsystemstocollect,analyze,andreportdataontheimpactofpreventivemeasuresProcessevaluationAssessingtheimplementationofproactivemeasures,includingtheirreach,fidelity,anddodeliveredOutputevaluationMeasuringchangesinHIVincidence,validity,andotherrelatedhealthoutcomestoassesstheeffectivenessofpreventiveinterventionsMethodsforevaluatingtheeffectivenessofpreventivemeasures04AntiviraltreatmentstrategiesandprogressDomesticresearchfocusDomesticresearchonantiviraldrugsforAIDShasbeenincreasinglyfocusedondevelopingnewdrugmolecules,improvingdrugefficacyandreducingsideeffectsInternationalresearchtrendsInternationally,researchonantiviraldrugsforAIDSismovingtowardsmoretargetedtherapies,suchasgenetherapyandimmunotherapy,aimingtoachieveafunctionalcureforthediseaseResearchprogressonantiviraldrugsathomeandabroadComprehensiveassessment01Personalizedtreatmentplansshouldbebasedonacomprehensiveassessmentofthepatient'scondition,includingvirusload,CD4count,andcomorbiditiesIndividualizeddrugselection02Drugselectionshouldbetailedtothepatient'sspecificsituation,consideringfactorssuchasdrugresistance,sideeffects,andinteractionswithothertreatmentsDynamicadjustment03Treatmentplansshouldbedynamicallyadjustedaccordingtothepatient'sresponsetotreatmentandchangesinthediseaseconditionPrinciplesfordevelopingpersonalizedtreatmentplansRegularmonitoringRegularmonitoringofdrugresistanceisessentialtoensuretheeffectivenessofantibiotictreatmentTimelyresponseOncedrugresistanceisdetected,timelyresponsestrategiesshouldbeimplemented,includingswitchingtoothereffectivedrugsorcombiningmultipledrugstoenhanceefficacyPreventionofdrugresistanceMeasuresshouldbetakentopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance,suchasavoidingunnecessaryuseofantibioticsandsteroids,andensuringinheritancetotreatmentregimensDrugresistancemonitoringandresponsestrategiesResearchonnewantiviraldrugsisfocusingonidentifyingnewdrugtargetstodevelopmoreeffectiveandspecifictherapiesNewdrugtargetsCombinationtherapywithmultipleantiviraldrugsisbecomingatrendtoenhanceefficiencyandreducetheriskofdrugresistanceCombinationtherapyImmunebasedtherapyisemergingasapromiseapproachtotreatAIDSbyboostingthepatient'simmunesystemtofitthevirusImmunebasedtherapyResearchanddevelopmenttrendsofnewantiviraldrugs05Preventionandtreatmentplanforapplications输入标题02010403DeploymentofpreventionstrategiesforopportunisticinfectionsIdentifyhighriskindividualsandimplementtargetedprophylaxisEducatepatientsontheimportanceofmaintainingahealthylifestyletoreducetheriskofinfectionPromotetheuseofphysiologicalmedicinewhenappropriateEncourageregularscreensforcommonopportunisticinfectionsConductregularscreensformalicesusingappropriatediagnostictoolsProvideaccesstoon