浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市2024-2025学年高三上学期11月一模英语试题 含解析

湖州、衢州、丽水2024年11月三地市教学质量检测试卷高三英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至10页。第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdidMartindoyesterday?A.Hewenttoabeach.B.Hehadlunchatacafé.C.Hevisitedamuseum.2.HowwillthemangettoShanghai?A.Bytrain.B.Byplane.C.Bycar.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestmando？A.Avoideatingmeat.B.Havemorebeans.C.Eatlessrice.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Relatives.C.Co-workers.5.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Shocked.B.Relieved.C.Embarrassed.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6Wheredidthetwinsmeet?A.InSpringfield.B.InChicago.C.InSeattle.7.HowmuchtimedidMs.Whitespendlookingforhersister?A.Fouryears.B.Forty-fiveyears.C.Amonth.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howmanybookscanastudentborrowatmosteachday?A.Ten.B.Five.C.Three.9.Whycan’ttheboyborrowthebooksnow?A.Hedoesn’thavehisstudentIDcardwithhim.B.Hehasbeenfinedbythelibrarybefore.C.Hehasnotreturnedtheoverduebook.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheboydo?A.Paythefinenow.B.Copywhatheneeds.C.Makeacalltohisfriend.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whendidthewomanstartdrawingonstones?A.Aboutfouryearsago.B.Aboutfourmonthsago.C.Whenshewasfour.12.Whatisspecialaboutthewoman’spaintings?A.They’reaboutsceneries.B.Theycontainlittledetail.C.Someofthemarelarge.13.Whydidthewomandrawonstones?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.TobefamousontheInternet.C.Toimproveherpaintingskills.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.WherewasAnniebornprobably?A.InItaly.B.InFrance.C.InPortugal.15.WhatisdifficultforAnnietolearnaboutSpanish?A.Itswriting.B.Itsgrammar.C.Itspronunciation.16.WhatisMr.Johnson’sopinionofAnnie?A.Sheisfallingbehind.B.Sheisperformingaverage.C.Sheisdoingwell.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatwastheresultofthefire?A.Manypeoplewereinjured.B.Manyfactoriesweredestroyed.C.Around10,000peoplewerehomeless.18.WhatdopeopleinMirpurmainlydotomakealiving?A.Makeclothing.B.Produceplastic.C.Sellwoods.19.Whatmadethefirefighters’workmoredifficult?A.Thehotweather.B.Thelackofwater.C.Theterribletraffic.20.Wherearethehomelesspeoplenow?A.Onthestreet.B.Atnearbyschools.C.Inafactory.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheInternationalStudentHub(I-Hub)isacentralizedandcomprehensivecenterforNewYorkUniversity’sinternationalstudentcommunity.HerearesomeactivitiesprovidedbyI-Hubfornewinternationalstudents.IkeaTripforNewInternationalStudentsTuesday,August20th|1:00PM-4:00PMMeetupwithothernewinternationalgraduatestudentstotakepublictransportationtotheIKEAinBrooklyn.WewillleavefromTandon’sBrooklyncampusat1:00pmandtaketheMTAbustoIKEA.OncewearriveatIKEA,youwillbefreetoshopaslongasyouwouldlike.ManhattanGroceryStoreHoppingWednesday,August21st|11:00AM-12:30PMStillmissingdailyessentialsbutnotsurewheretobuythem?JoinusonatripandvisitgrocerystoresaroundtheWashingtonSquarecampuswithothernewinternationalstudents!Getinsidertipsonhowtostayunderbudgetwhenshoppingandwheretofindthebestdeals.FantasticNightinConeyIslandFriday,August23rd|7:00PM-10:00PMLookingforafunandauthenticAmericanexperience?JoinfellowinternationalstudentsattheBrooklynCyclonesbaseballgame!It’stheperfectwaytospendanevening–cheeringwithpassionateaudienceandsoakingupthelivelyatmosphereatMaimonidesPark.Therewillalsobeafireworksshow!DiscoverNY:ChinatownSunday,August25th|11:00AM-1:00PMJoinusforawalkingtouraroundChinatown!Comeandexperiencetherichcultureofthehistoricneighborhoodandsampleawideselectionofcheapeats.Ontheway,you’llalsofindoutaboutlocationattractions,tipsonwheretobuygroceries,andmore!1.WhatcanstudentsdoinManhattanGroceryStoreHopping?A.TaketheMTAbus. B.Tastecheapeats.C.Watchafireworksshow. D.Getadviceonpurchase.2.Whichactivitywillappealtoasportsfan?A.DiscoverNY:Chinatown. B.FantasticNightinConeyIsland.C.ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping. D.IkeaTripforNewInternationalStudents.3.Whatdothefouractivitieshaveincommon?A.Theyoffershoppingexperiencestostudents.B.Theyrequirestudentstotakepublictransport.C.TheyenablestudentstolearnChineseculture.D.Theyaredesignedfornewinternationalstudents.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细列出了国际学生中心（I-Hub）为新生国际学生提供的几项具体活动，包括活动的日期、时间、内容以及参与方式等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping部分中的“Stillmissingdailyessentialsbutnotsurewheretobuythem?JoinusonatripandvisitgrocerystoresaroundtheWashingtonSquarecampuswithothernewinternationalstudents!Getinsidertipsonhowtostayunderbudgetwhenshoppingandwheretofindthebestdeals.(还在为缺少日常必需品而烦恼，但不知道去哪里买吗？加入我们的旅程，与其他新生国际学生一起参观华盛顿广场校区周围的杂货店！获取购物时如何节省预算的内幕秘诀，以及哪里能找到最优惠的价格。)”可知，在ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping活动中，学生可以与其他新生国际学生一起参观杂货店，并获取购物时如何节省预算的内幕秘诀，以及哪里能找到最优惠的价格，即获得购买建议。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章FantasticNightinConeyIsland部分中的“JoinfellowinternationalstudentsattheBrooklynCyclonesbaseballgame!It’stheperfectwaytospendanevening–cheeringwithpassionateaudienceandsoakingupthelivelyatmosphereatMaimonidesPark.Therewillalsobeafireworksshow!(加入其他国际学生，一起观看布鲁克林旋风队的棒球比赛！这是度过一个夜晚的完美方式——与热情的观众一起欢呼，尽情享受梅蒙尼德斯公园里的热闹氛围。还将有烟花表演！)”可知，在ConeyIsland的活动中提到了观看布鲁克林旋风队的棒球比赛，这是体育迷会感兴趣的活动。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TheInternationalStudentHub(I-Hub)isacentralizedandcomprehensivecenterforNewYorkUniversity’sinternationalstudentcommunity.HerearesomeactivitiesprovidedbyI-Hubfornewinternationalstudents.(国际学生中心（I-Hub）是纽约大学国际学生社区的集中且全面的服务中心。以下是I-Hub为新生国际学生提供的一些活动。)”可知，这些活动是由I-Hub为新生国际学生提供的。因此，这四个活动的共同点是它们都是为新生国际学生设计的。故选D。BIswitchedtoaflipphone(翻盖手机).Itvastlyimprovedmylife.IfeltemptyandfrustratedathowmuchtimeIspentonmysmartphone.SoIspentthelastfiveyearssteadilystrippingmyphonedowntothebasics.Socialmediawasthefirsttogo,thenemail,thennewsapps,andtheneveninternetbrowsers.Ilongconsideredswitchingtoaflipphone,butIalwaysfoundanexcusetostay.Ultimatelyitwastwoofmystudents,15-and18-year-oldsisters,whopushedmeovertheedge.Wordspreadaroundschoolthattheyhadboughtflipphones.Iftheywerebraveenoughtotaketheplunge,Icould,too.Ispent$9onaflipphone,plus$120forayearofunlimitedtalkandtextonanewnumber.Forthelastfivemonths,Ihaven’tcarriedasmartphonewithme,justmyflipphone.Thisisthecharming,romanticsideofowningaflipphone:moreconversations,moreeyecontact,moreconnection.Theseparationbetweenworkandlifeismuchmorenoticeable.Idon’toverthinkworkemailsallday,sinceInolongercarrymyworkemailinmypocket.Iamlivingmorelikemycreative,curious,phone-freechildren.Thisallsoundswonderfulbecauseitiswonderful.Andnowit’sconfessiontime:Istillhavemysmartphone.Asitturnsout,ouraddictiontosmartphonesisnotjustonanindividuallevel.Intentionallyornot,wehavebuiltstructuresthatdependuponsmartphoneaccess,makingitanessentialfeatureofmodernlife.Whilemostoftheflipphoneinconveniencesarecharming,someofthemaresofrustratingthattheymakeyouwanttopullyourhairout.Despitethat,IwillcontinuetouseaflipphoneasmyprimaryphonesoIdon’thavetocarryasmartphonewithme.AndIwillcontinuetoevangelizeforit.Ihopemanyothersgetflipphones.Wewillallbebetterforit.Ifnothingelse,it’llbenicetohavemorepeopletotalktointhegroceryline.4.Whatdrovetheauthortoswitchtoaflipphone?A.Disturbanceofsocialmedia.B.Overspenttimeonhissmartphone.C.Inspirationfromhisstudents.D.Negativefeelingstosmartphones.5.Whathappenedaftertheauthorusedaflipphone?A.Hegotlessworkassignments.B.Hehadmoreinteractionwithpeople.C.Hespentmoretimewithhischildren.D.Helivedamoreromanticlife.6.Whyisitdifficulttostopusingsmartphonescompletelynowadays?A.Theyserveasavitaltool.B.Theymakepeopleoverthink.C.Theyrepresentthemodernlife.D.Theybringpeoplemanyprofits.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toadvisereaderstouseaflipphone.B.Toadvocatelivingwithoutasmartphone.C.Toinformreadersofaflipphone’sadvantages.D.Tostressthedisadvantagesofhavingasmartphone.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过分享自己换成翻盖手机的经历，表达了对现代科技生活方式的反思和对更简单、更专注于人际交往的生活方式的向往。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ultimatelyitwastwoofmystudents,15-and18-year-oldsisters,whopushedmeovertheedge.Wordspreadaroundschoolthattheyhadboughtflipphones.Iftheywerebraveenoughtotaketheplunge,Icould,too.(最终，是我的两名学生，一对15岁和18岁的姐妹，让我下定了决心。学校里传言她们买了翻盖手机。如果她们有足够的勇气迈出这一步，我也可以。)”可知，作者两个学生买了翻盖手机这件事促使作者换成了翻盖手机。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thisisthecharming,romanticsideofowningaflipphone:moreconversations,moreeyecontact,moreconnection.(拥有翻盖手机有着迷人且浪漫的一面：更多的交谈，更多的眼神交流，更多的联系。)”可知，作者在使用翻盖手机后有了更多的交谈、眼神交流和联系，说明他与人的互动增多了。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Intentionallyornot,wehavebuiltstructuresthatdependuponsmartphoneaccess,makingitanessentialfeatureofmodernlife.(无论有意还是无意，我们已经建立起了依赖智能手机的结构，使其成为现代生活不可或缺的一部分。)”可知，智能手机现在是一个重要的工具，因此完全停止使用智能手机是很困难的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Despitethat,IwillcontinuetouseaflipphoneasmyprimaryphonesoIdon’thavetocarryasmartphonewithme.AndIwillcontinuetoevangelizeforit.Ihopemanyothersgetflipphones.Wewillallbebetterforit.(尽管如此，我还是会继续把翻盖手机当作主力手机使用，这样我就不用随身携带智能手机了。我会继续为它代言。我希望更多人使用翻盖手机。这对我们所有人都有好处。)”以及全文内容可知，作者在文章中分享了自己换成翻盖手机的经历，并强调了这种手机的好处，如更多的交谈、眼神交流和联系等。最后，作者表示将继续使用翻盖手机，并希望更多人也能使用翻盖手机。因此，作者的目的是建议读者使用翻盖手机。故选A。CTheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.Aroundtheworld,millionsofcreaturesfacingunprecedentedtemperaturesandhabitatlossareonthemove.Wedonottendtothinkoftreesasmigratory:theyareslow-growingandrootedtotheground.Facedwiththisproblem,theecologistCharlieGardnerisoneofagrowingnumberproposingaradical,controversialsolution:wehelpthetreesontheirmarch.Somescientistsadvocatemovingindividualspecieshundredsofkilo-metresnorth,withinthecountryandfromabroad.Otherssayentireecosystemsshouldbetrans-located,movingmultiplespeciesatonce.The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤销),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.Butotherssaythoseargumentsfailtodealwithspeedorsizeofchangecausedbytheclimatecrisis.“Earlierinmycareerthenarrativewasallaboutrestoringpastbaselines,andthen,asIgotmoreindependentinmyresearch,Irealisedthat’simpossible.Wearechangingtheclimatesomuch,sowehavetobealittlemoreinventive.Whenwehaveexamplesofassistedmigration,it’softenwithspecieswhichareabsolutelyontheedgeofextinctionandhaverunoutofotheroptions,”saidSarahDalrymple,aconservationecologistfromLiverpoolUniversity,whoispartofthetaskforce.Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”8.WhatistheproblemfacingancienttreesinLondon?A.Longsummer. B.Habitatdestruction.C.Extremeweather. D.Slowgrowth.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayAndrewAllenagreewith?A.Large-scalemovingofecosystemsisimpossible.B.Assistedmigrationmaycontributetobadresults.C.Non-nativespeciesarebeneficialtoecosystems.D.Nativespeciescansurvivechangesbythemselves.10.WhatdoesSarahDalrympleurgepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Stopchangingtheclimate.B.Havemoreoptionstohelpspecies.C.Helpnativetreestoadapttoclimatechanges.D.Takeactionearliertopreventspecies’extinction.11.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsassistedmigration?A.Supportive. B.Cautious. C.Objective. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于古树未来生存问题的争议，包括是否应该通过辅助迁移来帮助古树应对气候变化带来的挑战。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.(到2050年，伦敦的天气可能会像巴塞罗那一样，夏季干旱会持续很长时间。这些古树本来就不适合在这样的条件下茁壮成长。)”可知，伦敦的古树面临的问题是极端天气。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤销),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.(自然资源保护主义者长期以来一直反对引进非本地物种。他们担心辅助移民会带来意想不到的后果。林地信托基金会的安德鲁·艾伦说：“生态系统的大规模迁移无法逆转，因此应该是最后的选择。”)”可知，安德鲁·艾伦可能同意辅助迁移可能带来不良后果这一观点。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”(她希望能更早地探索辅助迁徙，在物种数量变得如此之小之前与它们一起工作。“你永远不可能消除所有的风险，但不作为也有风险，”她说。“不作为的风险每天都在增加。”)”可知，萨拉·达尔林普尔在最后一段中敦促人们尽早采取行动以防止物种灭绝。故选D。11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“TheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?(橡树在英格兰南部已经连续生长了12000年。但它有未来吗？)”和第四段中“The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤销),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.(“辅助移民”存在分歧。自然资源保护主义者长期以来一直反对引进非本地物种。他们担心辅助移民会带来意想不到的后果。林地信托基金会的安德鲁·艾伦说：“生态系统的大规模迁移无法逆转，因此应该是最后的选择。”艾伦认为，我们应该通过鼓励自然再生、扩大和连接现有林地来优先帮助本地树木适应变化。)”、最后一段中“Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”(她希望能更早地探索辅助迁徙，在物种数量变得如此之小之前与它们一起工作。“你永远不可能消除所有的风险，但不作为也有风险，”她说。“不作为的风险每天都在增加。”)”可知，文章首先提出伦敦的古树是否还有未来的问题，接着指出气候变化对古树的影响，然后介绍了关于辅助迁移的不同观点，包括其争议性和支持者的理由。文章并没有明确表达支持或反对的立场，而是客观地呈现了不同观点和论据。因此，作者对于辅助迁移的态度可能是客观的。故选C。DInastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”–imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover-generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologistatEngland’sUniversityofReading.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomitigatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”Thescientistsarenowexperimentingwithwhetherphantomcostsplayintohumans’interactionswithrobotsandartificialintelligence.“IfAIisoverlygenerous,willpeopleimaginephantomcosts?”Vonaschsays.“PeopletendtotreatAIasiftheyhaveamind,whenobviouslytheydon’t.”12.Accordingtoparagraph2,theexperimentsmainlyfocusonpeople’s.A.Thinkingmethod. B.Decisionmaking.C.Financialcondition. D.Potentialability.13.Whydoestheauthormention“standardeconomicmodel”?A.Toexplaintheexperimentsfurther. B.Toclarifyapsychologicalconcept.C.Toprovideevidenceforthestudy. D.Toexpressdoubtontheexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Analyse. B.Improve. C.Measure. D.Lessen.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Phantomcosts:Where“standardeconomicmodel”doesn’twork.B.Phantomcosts:Whetherpeople’slikelihoodofacceptinganofferreduces.C.Phantomcosts:Why“toogoodtobetrue”scarespeopleoff.D.Phantomcosts:Howimaginedconsequencespreventhiddenmotives.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们面对看似异常优惠的报价时，因怀疑其真实性而倾向于拒绝的心理现象，并解释了背后的心理学原理。【12题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.(在最初的实验中，近40%的参与者吃了免费提供的饼干，相比之下，提供5美元的参与者中约有20%吃了饼干。另外九项实验，涉及4000多名参与者，使用在线问卷来呈现其他场景。这些条件包括给钱让他们搭车回家，极高的建筑工作工资，以及便宜得惊人的机票。在每种情况下，超过某一点，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性。)”可知，实验主要关注人们的决策过程，即“决策制定”。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”–imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”(该研究的主要作者Vonasch说，这表明，与“标准经济模型”相反，交易也需要被理解为人们试图了解彼此思想的社会互动。“标准经济模型”假设人类总是寻求利益最大化。如果有人似乎违反了公认的规则，比如自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有“幻影成本”——想象的后果会降低Vonasch所说的报价的“心理价值”。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到“standardeconomicmodel”是为了进一步解释实验，帮助读者理解人们的决策过程。故选A。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover-generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologistatEngland’sUniversityofReading.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomitigatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.(当下以外的因素可能会起作用。英国雷丁大学的心理学家雷切尔·麦克洛伊说：“理解别人的过度慷慨可能会让我们亏欠他们，这也有助于解释人们的不情愿。”研究人员还展示了如何mitigate这种影响：简单地提供一个交易的理由。)”可知，理解别人的过度慷慨可能会让我们亏欠他们，这也有助于解释人们的不情愿，简单地提供一个交易的理由是为了减轻这种影响，因此mitigate在这里的意思是“减少，减轻”。A.Analyse分析；B.Improve改进；C.Measure测量；D.Lessen减少，减轻。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”(在《人格与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“免费的钱”，以及异常高的薪水或可疑的廉价服务，因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们面对看似“好得令人难以置信”的报价时的心理反应，即因为担心存在隐藏的代价而拒绝接受。选项C“Phantomcosts:Why‘toogoodtobetrue’scarespeopleoff(幻影成本：为什么“好得令人难以置信”会吓跑人们。)”准确地概括了文章的主旨，符合题意。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimesitcanfeellikeyourheadistoocluttered.Withwork,school,orabusyschedule,thingsareboundtogetjumbled(乱糟糟的)everyonceandawhile!___16___Fromfocusingtojournaling,we’llteachyouhowtomindfullydistractyourselffromworryingthoughts.Focusonthepresentmoment.Practicemindfulnessdailytohelpclearyourmindandbemorefocused.Mindfulnessisallaboutlettingallotherthoughtscomeandgo.Observeyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutjudgement,asifyou’reanoutsiderinyourownmind.___17___Takeawalk.___18___Whenyou’rebeingmindful,you’refullyengaginginthepresentmoment,lettingfeelingscomeandgoasyoufocusonwhat’sinfrontofyou.Combiningthisstateofmindwithwalkingproducesanextraspecialstressrelieverthatimprovesmentalandphysicalhealth.Tryschedulingawalkaroundtheblock,onthetreadmill,orthroughalocalparkeveryday.___19___Takeamomenttobreatheandcomebacktothepresentmoment.Lifecaneasilybecomego,go,go,andintheprocess,youcaneasilyforgettobreathe.Settlingdownwhereveryouaretotakecontrolledbreathscancalmyourracingmindandheartbeat,helpingyoufeelmorerelaxed.Journalyourthoughts.Writingdownyourworriescanhelpyousortthroughthem.Tryreachingforanotebookorphonewhenamillionthoughtsareracingthroughyourmind.___20___Journalingcanhelpyoubemoreawareofyouremotionsandreflectonwhat’stroublingyou.A.Dodeepbreathingexercises.B.Takeamomenttoslowdown.C.Movingyourbodymindfullycanhelpthingsseemclearer.D.Butyoucandosomethingtoclearyourmindandcalmthingsdown.E.Setdowneverythingthatcomestomind,lettingallpouroutontothepage.F.Thenletthosethoughtsandfeelingsgoandfocusonwhatyou’recurrentlydoinginstead.G.Herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourheadfrombraininjuryandthenstartyourwork.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕如何清理思绪、缓解压力的主题，给出了一系列实用的建议和方法，如专注于当下、出去散步、做深呼吸练习和记日记等。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Sometimesitcanfeellikeyourheadistoocluttered.Withwork,school,orabusyschedule,thingsareboundtogetjumbled(乱糟糟的)everyonceandawhile!(有时你会觉得自己的头脑过于混乱。由于工作、学业或繁忙的日程，事情难免有时会变得一团糟！)”可知，上文提出有时候由于繁忙的日程，我们常会觉得自己非常混乱。选项D“Butyoucandosomethingtoclearyourmindandcalmthingsdown.(但是你可以做一些事情来清理思绪并平静下来。)”延续上文内容，指出当我们觉得混乱的时候，我们可以做一些事情来理清思绪。并自然引出下文内容，即具体的解决措施。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前内容“Mindfulnessisallaboutlettingallotherthoughtscomeandgo.Observeyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutjudgement,asifyou’reanoutsiderinyourownmind.(正念就是任由其他所有思绪来来去去。不带评判地观察你的想法和感受，就好像你是自己思想中的局外人一样。)”可知，上文提出正念的概念。选项F“Thenletthosethoughtsandfeelingsgoandfocusonwhatyou’recurrentlydoinginstead.(然后让那些想法和感受过去，专注于你目前正在做的事情。)”自然延续上文内容，提出我们先不带评判地观察你的想法和感受，然后让那些想法和感受过去，专注于你目前正在做的事情。故选F。【18题详解】根据空后内容“Whenyou’rebeingmindful,you’refullyengaginginthepresentmoment,lettingfeelingscomeandgoasyoufocusonwhat’sinfrontofyou.(当你专注于当下时，你完全沉浸在现在的时刻，让感觉随着你的注意力集中在眼前的事物上。)”可推测，空处和专注当下有关。选项C“Movingyourbodymindfullycanhelpthingsseemclearer.(有意识地移动你的身体可以让事情看起来更清晰。)”与下文内容相符，指出有意识的做某件事可以让我们更清晰地看待当下。故选C。【19题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Takeamomenttobreatheandcomebacktothepresentmoment.Lifecaneasilybecomego,go,go,andintheprocess,youcaneasilyforgettobreathe.Settlingdownwhereveryouaretotakecontrolledbreathscancalmyourracingmindandheartbeat,helpingyoufeelmorerelaxed.(花点时间停下来深呼吸，回到当下。生活很容易变得匆匆忙忙，在这个过程中，你很容易忘记呼吸。无论你身在何处，坐下来进行有控制的呼吸可以平静你狂乱的思想和心跳，帮助你感到更放松。)”可知，本段主要建议读者要做呼吸练习。选项A“Dodeepbreathingexercises.(做深呼吸练习。)”是本段的主要内容。故选A。【20题详解】根据空前内容“Writingdownyourworriescanhelpyousortthroughthem.Tryreachingforanotebookorphonewhenamillionthoughtsareracingthroughyourmind.(把你的想法写下来可以帮助你整理它们。当脑海中思绪万千时，试着伸手去拿笔记本或手机。)”可知，上文建议我们将自己的想法写下来。选项E“Setdowneverythingthatcomestomind,lettingallpouroutontothepage.(把想到的一切都写下来，让它们全部倾泻到纸上。)”与上文内容相符，建议我们将自己想到的一切都写下来。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Mystorywithmycatstartedmanyyearsago,andnowIhavetopreparetobidfarewelltoher.Itwas2003andachildhood___21___wasstationedatFortBragg,inNorthCarolinawhereshewasinthe82ndAirborneDivision(空降师).Shewasdonejumpingoutofplanesfortheday,___22___thebase,whensheheardmeowingcomingfromawarehouse.Inside,she___23___astray(流浪的)cat,proudbutdirty,anddecidedtotakeherhome.Soon,thecatwas___24___.Oneday,myfriende-mailedmeaphotographofthelittlelovelykittens,arrangedonherlaps.She___25___,“Don’tyouwanttohavethem?”Afewweekslater,thekittenswere___26___ontothebackseatofaJeepanddrivennorth.Twoweredroppedoffatmyparents’house,andonewithmeatmystudioapartment.Thefamily___27___wasthattheseweremilitary-gradecats,sincetheirmomwasfromthebase!Gradually,Ibecame___28___tomycat.