北京市海淀区2024届高三下学期一模试题 英语 含答案

海淀区2023-2024学年第二学期期中练习高三英语2024.04本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI1thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer'sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewofmy5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I'dneverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndréBouvier,who'dwalkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand9.Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI'dnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndréintomylife.1. A.droppedoff B.filledup C.setaside D.putaway2. A.locked B.parked C.signaling D.running3. A.painful B.critical C.disappointing D.impressive4. A.failure B.smoke C.disaster D.mystery5. A.route B.location C.direction D.destination6. A.news B.help C.hope D.faith7. A.satisfied B.surprised C.relieved D.worried8. A.slowly B.excitedly C.nervously D.strongly9. A.recognition B.admiration C.satisfaction D.appreciation10. A.identify B.present C.approach D.anticipate第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAparent'snightmareturnedtoreliefinFloridaaspolicemenswiftlyrescuedamissingfive-year-oldgirlwithautism.Thelocalpolicelaunchedadesperatesearch,11（use）airandgroundefforts.Thermalimaging（热成）12（lead）tothediscoveryofherinaswampyarea.Abody-worncameracapturedtheheroicmomentofherrescue.13policemen'squickresponse,shewasfoundunharmed.Thepublicpraisedtheteam'sefficiencyinturning14couldhavebeenatragedyintoaheartwarmingreunion.BLi-ionbatteriesstorealotofenergyinasmallamountofspace.Whenthatenergyisreleasedinanuncontrolledmanner,itgeneratesheat,15cantransformcertaininternalbatterycomponentsintoburnablegases.Consumersshouldpurchasebatteriesthatareonlylistedbyanationally16（recognize）testinglaboratoryandstopusingthedeviceifthebatteryshowssignsofdamage,suchasanunusualsmell,excessiveheat,poppingsoundsorchangeincolor.Amongalltheplacestochargethesedevices,17（safe）oneisoutdoorsawayfromanystructureandnotindirectsunlight.CForbrandstosucceed,theymustgraspandadapttoevolvingconsumertaste.Overthepastdecade,China18（witness）ashiftinconsumerbehaviormarkedbytheriseofguochao,atrendemphasizingnationalisticbranding.Chineseconsumersdisplayedastrong19（prefer）forlocally-madeproducts.Therefore,it'scrucialforbrandstogenuinelycomprehendandhonorlocalcustoms,traditions,andvalues.WhileintegratingChineseelementsintomarketingstrategiescanbeeffective,itshouldbehandledthoughtfully20（avoid）culturalinsensitivity.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewordsandexpressions.FatIsGoodItdoesn'tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated（饱和的）fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.NaturalSugarIsBetterThevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose（蔗糖）.Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.High-pHWaterSomepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali（碱）foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.Don'tEatAnythingThatYouCan'tPronounceWhetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear"phenylthiocarbamide",becauseyoucan'tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.Don'tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients（佐料）Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?21.Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat____.A.canbefoundinfishandplants B.comesfromland-basedanimalsC.remainssolidatroomtemperature D.canlowerthedeathrateofelders22.Thepassagesuggeststhat______.A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourbloodB.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucroseC.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthyD.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices.B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders.D.Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.BAtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:"NowIwillteachyouhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.Ifeltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,"old","barley（薏米）"and“warm".WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandonedmyChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters'techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveuncomfortablyon-the-noseassessmentsofmyperson."Youneedtobebraver,"heonceobserved."Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceaboldstroke（笔画）."Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmywritingbetrayedme.Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobewrittenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyonditsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,"Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwo-dimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou'veapplied,theenergyofyourgrip,thearchofyourspine."Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmyculturalroots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:"Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours."Hemightaswellhavesaid,"Thiswordisyou."24.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername"ChenYiwen"?A.Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit. B.Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.C.Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit.D.Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.25.Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto______.A.pickupanewhobby B.reconnectwithheroriginC.gaininsightsintoanewculture D.fitinwithlocalcommunity26.Fromtheteacher'swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy_____.A.reflectsthecreator'sspirits B.comesfromcreativeenergyC.highlightsthedesignofstrokes D.dependsoncontinuouspractice27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers. B.Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.C.Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth. D.Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.CResearchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失语症）togettheirvoiceback-andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癫痫发作），usingelectrodes（电极）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan"listensecretlyto"thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（AI）modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy'sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences-tempo,stress,accents,andintonation--knownasprosody（韵律）.Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwecan'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computerinterfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands-orbrains-ofpatients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingtheelectrodesclosertogetheronthebrain'ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythebrainproduces.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.B.Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.C.Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.D.TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.29.Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?A.Theprosodyofspeech. B.Thecollectionofbrainwaves.C.Theemotionalweightofmusic. D.Thereconstructionofinformation.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMindB.BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeechC.BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasiaD.RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAID"Assumeyouarewrong."TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.TounderstandthecontextforNosek'sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.Butmethodologicalreformhasn'tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife'sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong-agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it'seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek'ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity-we'reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis（假说）：thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon'tknowifthat'strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit'swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.31.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Reformerstendtodevalueresearchers'work.B.Scientistsareunwillingtoexpresskindcriticisms.C.Peopleholdwrongassumptionsaboutthecultureofscience.D.Thescientificcommunityshouldpracticecriticalself-reflection.32.Thestrategyof"assumingyouarewrong"maycontributeto_____.A.theenormouseffortsofscientistsatworkB.thereliabilityofpotentialresearchresultsC.thepublic'spassionforscientificfindingsD.theimprovementinthequalityofevidence33.Theunderlinedword"demoralizing"inParagraph5means______.A.discouraging B.ineffective C.unfair D.misleading34.Thetonetheauthorusesintalkingabouttheuntestedhypothesisis____.A.doubtfulbutsincere B.disapprovingbutsoftC.authoritativeanddirect D.reflectiveandhumorous第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyougetinacar,youexpectitwillhavefunctioningbrakes.Whenyoupickupmedicineatthedrugstore,youexpectitwon'tbepolluted.Butitwasn'talwayslikethis.Thesafetyoftheseproductswasterriblewhentheyfirstcametomarket.Ittookmuchresearchandregulationtofigureouthowuserscanenjoythebenefitsoftheseproductswithoutgettingharmed.35Socialmediarisksareeverywhere.Thedangersthatalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeattentionrepresenttoteenshavebecomeimpossibletoignore.Otherproductdesignelements,oftencalled"darkpatterns,"designedtokeeppeopleusingforlonger,alsoappeartotipyoungusersintosocialmediaoveruse.36Theysayit'stheirusers'faultforengagingwithharmfulcontentinthefirstplace,evenifthoseusersarechildrenorthecontentisfinancialtrickery.Theyalsoclaimtobedefendingfreespeech.37UndertheDigitalServicesAct,whichcameintoeffectinEuropethisyear,platformsarerequiredtotakeactiontostopthespreadofillegalcontentandcanbefinedupto6percentoftheirglobalincomesiftheydon'tdoso.Ifthislawisenforced,maintainingthesafetyoftheiralgorithmsandnetworkswillbethemostfinanciallysounddecisionforplatformstomake.Despitetheseefforts,twothingsareclear.First,onlinesafetyproblemsareleadingtoreal,offlinesuffering.Second,socialmediacompaniescan't,orwon't,solvethesesafetyproblemsontheirown.38Evensafetyissueslikecyberbullyingthatwethoughtweresolvedcanpoprightbackup.Asoursocietymovesonlinetoanever-greaterdegree,theideathatanyone,eventeens,canjust"stayoffsocialmedia"becomeslessandlessrealistic.39A.Andthoseproblemsaren'tgoingaway.B.Thecurrentissuesaren'treallyaboutofflinesuffering.C.Platformsalreadyhavesystemstoremoveviolentorharmfulcontent.D.Similarly,socialmedianeedsproductsafetystandardstokeepuserssafe.E.It'stimeweshouldrequiresocialmediatotakesafetyseriously,foreveryone'ssake.F.Internetplatforms,however,haveshiftedblameontheconsumerswhenevercriticized.G.Someauthoritiesaretakingstepstoholdsocialmediaplatformsaccountableforthecontent.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysettingupaquariums（鱼缸）athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavidLiittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.David'sassignmentwas