专题突破卷05 阅读理解之议论文（学生版） 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷（新高考用）

专题突破卷05阅读理解之议论文最新高考真题1.（2024年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解）“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.1．WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A．Todiscussanovel. B．Tosubmitabookreport.C．Toargueforawriter. D．Toaskforareadinglist.2．WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?A．Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B．Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C．Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D．Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.3．Whatisexpectedofagoodending?A．Itsatisfiesreaders’taste. B．Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C．Itisusuallypositive. D．Itisopenforimagination.4．WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A．Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists. B．Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C．Toencouragewritingforthemagazine. D．Torecommendtheirnewbooks.2.（2024年新高考I卷C篇阅读理解）Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A．Seemunlikelytolast. B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Becomereadytouse. D．Becomeeasytonotice.6．Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A．Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B．Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C．Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D．Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.7．Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A．Theycanholdstudents'attention. B．Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C．Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D．Theyaremoreinformativethantext.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.3.（2023年全国乙卷D篇阅读理解）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.9．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.10．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific. B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay. D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.12．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D．HowArtWorksTellStories2024年高考模拟真题（2024·四川达州·二模）“Ispilledsoupalloverthetable,butitwasn’tmyfault”.“Igotintotroubleatschool,butitwasn’tmyfault.”Suchstatementsareoftenheard.“It’snotmyfault”isactuallyacommonresponseforsomanypeopleandespeciallyteenagers.Parentscomplainthatthey’retiredofthe“excuses”.Thereasonwhyvariationsof“it’snotmyfault”aresopopularisthattheygetusoutofguilt,blameandanger.Thoseemotionsmaycomefromothers’reactionsorourownself-talks.Inthecaseofadolescents,theyareoftentryingtoescaperesponsibilityandpunishmentformistakes.Someteenswouldbenefitfromdecreasingtheirself-blame.Thosewhoblamethemselvesforthingsthattheycan’tcontroltendtobehighlyself-criticalandaremorelikelytobeanxious.Manyteensoverlyrelyon“it’snotmyfault”.However,overuseofthephrasecanresultinfeelingsofhelplessnesstocontroltheirownlives.Besides,“it’snotmyfault”focusesateen’sattentiononwhatisdoneasopposedtowhatneedstobedone.Intryingtogetthemtoassumeresponsibility,manyparentsattempttoconvincetheirchildrenthatsomethingistheirfault,buttheapproachtendstobeineffective.Amoreeffectiveapproachistofaceuptodrawbackstofindsolutionstothedrawbacksactively.Peoplemaynothavecausedalltheirproblems,buttheyhavetosolvethemanyway.Gettingstuckinsharingblameoftenkeepspeoplefrommovingforwardeffectively.Whatdoesonedoifheispushedintoadeeplake?Onecouldcertainlystayinwater,yelling,“It’snotmyfault.”However,thatisnotgoingtogethimoutofwater.Atsomepoint,heneedstoswimtoshore,regardlessofthefault.Likemostthingsinlife,freeingourselvesfromblamehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thequestionisn’twhatis“right”,butwhatismosteffectiveinmovingforward.13．Whoislikelytorelyon“it’snotmyfault”?A．Ahighlyself-criticalteenager.B．Ateenagerunwillingtoadmitafault.C．Ateenagerfacinguptohisresponsibilities.D．Ateenageranxiousaboutuncontrollablethings.14．Whatistheauthor’sadviceongettingteenstoassumeresponsibility?A．Lettingthemfocusonwhatisdone.B．Persuadingthemtoadmittheirfault.C．Makingthemcorrectthemistakeactively.D．Helpingthemanalyzethereasonforthemistake.15．WhydoestheauthorraisesuchaquestioninParagraph5?A．Toputforwardanewsolutiontodrawbacks.B．Toshowhandlingproblemsshouldcomefirst.C．Toexplainwhyteenagersgetstuckinsharingblame.D．Toanalyzewhatkindofproblemiscausedbyothers.16．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Tohelpteenagersoutofself-blame.B．Totellparentshowtoeducatechildren.C．Tohelpteenagersfacemistakesproperly.D．Totellchildrentodoself-talksconsciously.（2024·山东潍坊·二模）IhadtosaysomethingafterreadingTheAnxiousGeneration.Itisgoingtosellwell,becauseJonathanHaidtistellingascarystoryaboutchildren’sdevelopmentmanyparentsareledtobelieve.However,thebook’srepeatedsuggestionthatdigitaltechnologiesarerewiringourchildren’sbrainsandcausingtheepidemic(流行病)ofmentalillnessisunsupportedbyscience.Worse,therudeproposalthatsocialmediaistoblamemightdistract(分心)usfromeffectivelyrespondingtotherealcausesofthecurrentmental-healthcrisisinyoungpeople.ResearchershavesearchedfortheeffectssuggestedbyHaidt.Oureffortshaveproducedamixofno,smallandmixedassociations.Mostdataarecorrelative.Whenassociationsovertimearefound,theysuggestnotthatsocial-mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,butthatyoungpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental-healthproblemsusesuchplatformsmoreoftenorindifferentwaysfromtheirhealthypeers.Wearenotalonehere.Severalanalysesandsystematicreviewscentralizeonthesamemessage.Ananalysisdonein72countriesshowsnoconsistentormeasurableassociationsbetweenwell-beingandsocialmediaglobally.Moreover,studiesfromsomeauthoritiesfindsnoevidenceofintensechangesassociatedwithdigital-technologyuse.Asapsychologiststudyingchildren’sandadolescents’

mentalhealth,Iappreciateparents’frustration(沮丧)anddesireforsimpleanswers.Asaparentofadolescents,Iwouldalsoliketoidentifyasimplesourceforthepainthisgenerationisreporting.Thereare,however,nosimpleanswers.Thebeginninganddevelopmentofmentaldisordersaredrivenbyacomplexsetofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.Moreyoungpeoplearetalkingopenlyabouttheirmental-healthstrugglesthaneverbefore.Butinsufficientservicesareavailabletoaddresstheirneeds.IntheUnitedStates,thereis,onaverage,oneschoolpsychologistforevery1,119students.Wehaveagenerationincrisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhatscienceandevidence-basedsolutionscanoffer.Unfortunately,ourtimeisbeingspenttellingstoriesthatareunsupportedbyresearchandthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewhoneed,anddeserve,more.17．WhatispresentedinTheAnxiousGeneration?A．Scarystoriesaffectchildren’sbrains.B．Parentsareresponsibleforchildren’shealth.C．Teen’smentalillnessresultsfromscreentime.D．Theepidemicofmentalillnessisunavoidable.18．Whatdoes“thesamemessage”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Manycountriesdoresearchinmentalhealth.B．Well-beingandsocialmediaarecloselyrelated.C．Theyoungaretrappedinthemental-healthcrisis,D．Socialmediadon’tnecessarilycausementalillness.19．Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．Effectiveactionsneedtobetaken. B．Positivestoriesshouldbeshared.C．Financialsupportneedstobeprovided. D．Broaderresearchshouldbedone.20．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tosuggestwaystohelpthoseinneed.B．Toencourageparentstobravethecrisis.C．Torecommendanewly-publishedbook.D．Togiveavoicetochildren’smentalissues.（2024·甘肃张掖·三模）HowtheeconomicsprofessionshouldfixitsgenderproblemAttheheartofeconomicsisabeliefinthevirtues(好处)ofopencompetitionasawayofusingtheresourcesyouhaveinthemostefficientwayyoucan.Thankstothepowerofthatinsight,economistsroutinelytellpoliticianshowtorunpublicpolicyandbusinesspeoplehowtoruntheirfirms.Yetwhenitcomestoitsownhouse,academiceconomicscouldhavedonemoretoobservethestandardsitappliestotherestoftheworld.Inparticular,itrecruits(招聘)toofewwomen.Also,manyofthosewhodoworkintheprofessionsaytheyaretreatedunfairlyandthattheirtalentsarenotfullyrealised.Asaresult,economicshasfewergoodideasthanitshouldandsuffersfromaskewed(歪曲的)viewpoint.Itistimeforthedismalsciencetoimproveitsdismalrecordongender.FordecadesrelativelyfewwomenhaveparticipatedinSTEMsubjects:science,technology,engineeringandmaths.Economicsbelongsinthislist.AndasurveybytheAmericanEconomicsAssociation(AEA)thisweekshowsthatmanywomenwhodobecomeacademiceconomistsaretreatedbadly.Todealwithitsgendershortfall(缺口),economicsneedstwotoolsthatitoftenusestoanalyseandsolveproblemselsewhere:itsabilitytocrunchdataanditscapacitytoexperiment.Takedatafirst.TheAEAstudyiscommendable,butonlyafifthofits45,000presentandpastmembersrepliedtoitspoll.Betterdataareneededtocapturehowworkbyfemaleeconomistsisdiscriminatedagainst.Themorecomprehensive(全面的)thepicturethatemerges,thesoonerandmoreeasilyactioncanbetakentochangerecruitmentandtoreformprofessionallife.Theotherpriorityisforeconomiststoexperimentwithnewideas,astheAEAisrecommending.Foradisciplinethatvaluesdynamism,academiceconomicsisoftenconservative,stickingwithteachingmethods,hiringproceduresandsocialconventionsthathavebeenaroundfordecades.TheAEAsurveyreveals(显示)that46%ofwomenhavenotaskedaquestionorpresentedanideaatconferencesforfearofbeingtreatedunfairly,comparedwith18%ofmen.Seminarscouldbeorganisedtoensurethatallspeakersgetafairchance.Thewaythatauthors’namesarepresentedonpaperscouldensurethatitisclearwhohasdonetheintellectualheavylifting.Insteadofmovingcautiously,theeconomicsprofessionshoulddowhatitisbestat:recognisethereisaproblem,measureitobjectivelyandfindsolutions.Iftheresultismorewomenineconomicswhoaretreatedbetter,therewillbemorecompetitionforideasandamoreefficientuseofascarce(稀缺的)resource.Whateconomistcouldpossiblyobjecttothat?21．Whydoeseconomicshavefewerexcellentideasthanitshould?A．Economicalenvironmentisn’tgoodenough.B．Professionalsinthisfieldaretreatedunjustlyandtheirgiftsarenotfullyrecognized.C．Toomanywomenareemployed.D．Womendoworseineconomicsthanmen.22．Whatdoeseconomicsneedtohandleitsgendergap?A．Datatocapturehowworkbyfemaleeconomistsisdiscriminatedagainst.B．Itsabilitytoprocessdataquicklyanditscapacitytoexperiment.C．Actiontochangerecruitmentandprofessionallifeoffemaleeconomists.D．Seminarsorganisedtoensurethatallspeakersgetafairchance.23．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．TheresultoftheAEAsurveyisthatthereisbettertreatmenttowomen.B．Morewomenineconomicswillbringmorecompetitionofscarceresource.C．Abalancedsexratiowilldogoodtothedevelopmentofeconomics.D．Menineconomicscan’tmakethisdisciplinebetter.24．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardstheeconomicsanditsrecruitmentnow?A．Opposed. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.（2024·广东广州·三模）“Satingfromnowon,tobehealthy,IwillNOTeatanysnacksbesidesgranolabars(燕麦棒),”iswhatItoldmyselfyesterday,andyethereIamtodaychewingaChocopie.I’mawarethatI’mbreakingmyownpromisetomyself.Insteadofeatingthis,Ishouldbeworkingoutorsomething.Butthethingis,chocolateistoogoodatthismomentformetorefuseit!AsItypethis,I’mexperiencingwhat’scalledinstantgratification—thedesiretoexperiencepleasureorfulfillmentwithoutdelayingitforafuturebenefit.Essentially,whenyouwantit,yougetit.Instantgratificationisalsotheexactoppositeofwhatwe’retaughttodo-delayedgratification:decidingtoputoffsatisfyingourcurrentwanttogainsomethingbetterinthefuture.We’veallencounteredinstantgratificationbefore.ShouldIsleepinorwakeupearlytoworkout?WhenIgethome,shouldIrestandwatchTVfirstorgetstartedonmyhomework?Allhumanshavethetendencytoseekpleasureandavoidpain,whichisabasicbutfundamentalconceptknownasthepleasureprinciple.OriginallycoinedbySigmundFreud,itclearlystatesthatallhumansaredriven,tosomeextent,bypleasure.Constantlyseekingquickpleasuremaybringsubsequenttroubles.Howeverpleasantnotdoingyourhomeworkmayseempleasantrightnow,itonlyresultsinpleasureplaguedbyguiltandlast-minutepanickinglateatnight.Aninabilitytoresistinstantgratificationmayresultinunderachievinginthelongtermandfailuretomeetcertaingoals.Instantgratification,however,isnotnecessarilyabadthing.Youdon’talwayshavetosaynotothingsyouwantatthatmoment,andit’sgoodtotreatyourselfwhenyouneedit.Inotherwords,timeswhereyou“treatyourself”areonlyvaluableincombinationwithdelayedgratification.WhilemyChocopiemaytastegoodnow,it’lltasteevenbetterifIonlyeatitafterI’veworkedoutordonesomethinghealthy.25．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Bymakingacontrast. B．Bygivingadefinition.C．Bycitingapersonalcase. D．Bylistingdetailedproblems.26．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinstantgratification?A．Purchasingitemsregardlessofbudgets. B．Exercisingregularlyforlong-termhealth.C．Limitingtimeonsocialmediaplatforms. D．FinishinghomeworkbeforewatchingTV.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plagued”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Reminded. B．Highlighted. C．Introduced. D．Bothered.28．Whatmaytheauthoragreewith?A．Delayedgratificationispointless.B．Instantgratificationshouldbeprioritized.C．Enjoyingthemomentbringsinendlesspleasure.D．Instanttreatspairedwithdelayedgratificationaresweeter.（2024·河北秦皇岛·三模）Therecentspreadof“fakenews”maymakeitseemlikemisinformationisarelativelymoderninvention.Butfalsehoods(假话)andwildclaimshavebeenpartofhumancultureforaboutaslongasit’sexisted.Thisisbecausemisinformationoriginateswith,andisspreadby,fellowhumans.Whenyou’veeverhadtocommunicateanimportant,butcomplex,issuetoageneralaudience,youmayhaveaseaofthemostreliabledata,themostelegantPowerPointslidesandthefullbackingofeveryfamousexpertintherelevantfield.Andyet,youcanstillbelesspersuasivethansomeonewhoseentireargumentis:“AguyImetdownthepubtoldmesomethingdifferent.”Inaperfectlysensible,logicalworld,someonewhoislooselyconnectedwithacertainfieldorindustrywouldn’thavethesameinfluenceasactualdata,ortheleadingexpertsinthefield.Buthumansaren’tperfectlysensible,logicalcreaturesandneitheristheworldwelivein.Theabilitytothinkrationallyandanalyticallyisarelativelyrecentadditiontoourmentalabilities(intheevolutionarysense).Anditcostsourbrainsalotofenergyandeffort,Themoreestablished,fundamentalsystemsinourbrain,whichshapememoryandlearning,areheavilyreliantonemotion.Themoreemotionallystimulatingsomethingis,theeasieritistoremember.That’swhywecanspendmonthsrevisingthematerialforacrucialschoolexam,butstruggletorememberanyofitoncewe’vepassed.Meanwhile,theembarrassingtineweslippedandlandedonourbacksideintheschoolcanteen.thatmemorywilllastuntilourdyingday.Themostdeterminedsceptics(无神论者)willoftensay,“Factsdon’tcareaboutyourfeelings,”whichiscorrect.Butfeelingsdon’tnecessarilycareaboutfactseither.Andultimately,feelingshavemoreofasayinwhatwethinkanddo.Andthat’swhyyourmatedownthepubcanseemmorebelievablethanapileofpublishedresearch.29．Whatcontributestothespreadof“fakenews”?A．Peoplefactor. B．Humanculture.C．Moderninvention. D．Informationaccuracy.30．Whydidthegeneralaudiencesthinkactualdatalesspersuasive?A．Theyprefermakingsensibleanalyses. B．Theyaemorelikelytobeemotional.C．Theyhavemoretrustinauthority. D．Theyoverestimatethemselves.31．Howdoestheauthorillustratehisideainparagraph4?A．Bylistingfigures. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byexplainingaconcept. D．Bycitingexperts’words.32．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Torevealsecrets. B．Toshareemotions.C．Tocriticizeadecision. D．Todescribeaphenomenon.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhateandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestranged(不和的)acceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaclassicalphilosophicalperspective,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,inrealsituations,developswithpractice.33．WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A．Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B．Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.C．Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D．Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.34．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph3illustrate?A．Tofightistogrow. B．Togiveistoreceive.C．Toforgiveistoabuse. D．Todominateistoharm.35．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical.36．Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?A．Forgivenessisinournature. B．Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C．Ittakespracticetoforgive. D．Actualityisbasedonpotentiality.（2024·陕西榆林·三模）Peoplehavespeculated(思索)forcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedbyinequality:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthewealth,andthemasseswillstruggleinawasteland.Adifferentpredictionholdsthatwithoutjobstogivetheirlivesmeaning,futurepeoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.Butitdoesn’tnecessarilyfollowfromthesefindingsthataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithdissatisfaction.Suchvisionsarebasedonthedownsidesofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Intheabsenceofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldprovidestrikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Thesedays,sparetimeisrelativelyrareformostworkers.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,