山东省2025届高考英语二轮复习考点透析解密13阅读理解之细节理解题讲义+分层训练

解密13阅读理解之细微环节理解题考点详解考点详解高考中细微环节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。2014年新课标全国卷考区及其他各考区的高考试题中考查细微环节理解的题目占阅读理解题目总数的55%左右。细微环节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一详细事实和细微环节进行理解。它们大都是依据文章中的详细信息如事实、例证、缘由、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中干脆找到答案，有些则须要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非推断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；4.以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细微环节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏肯定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培育自己快速获得信息的实力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而经常可实行“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地分辨和记忆事实或细微环节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中找寻与此问题相关的段落、语句．细致品尝，比照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用解除法．将“无此细微环节”和“与此细微环节相反”的选项解除。了解细微环节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般状况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相像，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细微环节理解题只要干脆分辨不要求读者对客观的事实作出说明或推断，只要求从阅读材料中干脆获得信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细微环节，在必要的时候（做推断、推断或结论的时候）能够精确而快速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，干脆得出答案，但要留意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细微环节理解题就须要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获得信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细微环节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的推断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此须要我们在阅读中特殊细致才能捕获到真正有用的信息。细微环节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：题型一描写类细微环节题描写类细微环节题，经常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事务的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较干脆，一般不太须要考生对它们进行较深化的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较干脆地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。(2024·全国卷IA)TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTranslinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduledtherecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusserviceLostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(11)atRomaStreetstationPublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetostationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsity7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsity8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeVarsity9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsity12:22am21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.ca1l131617B.Visittranslink.com.atC.Askatthelocalstation.D.Checkthetrainschedule22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.AltandiC.VarsityLakes.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityA.6:42pm.B.7:29pm.C.8:57D.11:02语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文,文章介绍了来坐火车的相关信息21选C细微环节理解题。依据第一段的其次句”Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalonorcall1l31230.”可知,答案选C。22选B细微环节理解题。依据第三段的其次句“ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)ntRomaStreetstation.”可知,答案选B。23.选B细微环节理解题。依据文中最终表格的内容可知,从Central到VarsityLakes的列车的出发时间为晚上7:29。题型二信息找寻题、广告阅读题信息找寻题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时辰表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息特别全面，能满意各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，经常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾细致阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采纳“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后依据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速找寻有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速找寻信息题。但是广告有着其他快速找寻信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细微环节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必需具备较强的语言运用实力，熟识文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推想等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推想法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采纳“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加精确地理解。如：Driverwanted.依据文义，可将该句补充为：Adriverwillbewanted.(聘请一名司机)。（2）联想推想法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就须要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。为节约篇幅，特殊是在商业广告中，常运用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：Tel.=telephonenumberPh.=phoneAdd(r).=addressco.=companyLtd=LimitedMax=maximumMin=minimumhr=hourt=timefig=figureft=footml=miledoz=dozenMt=MountainP=pageprof.=professorDr.=doctors=southn=northw=westSta=Stationpop=popularvs=versusXmas=Christmasinfo=informationVIP=veryimportantpersonshrs=hoursaft=afterad=advertisementp/t=parttimeexp=experiencedPC=personalcomputerMA=MasterofArtsBSdegree=bachelor'sdegree(学士学位)(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainHistory,Culture&Landscape(tX).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct,SuntoThursTearoom,GardensGiftShop:10.30-17.00(16.00inOct)House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct).Town:PooleyBridge&.PenrithAbbotThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall'stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10.30-17.00Summer.10.30-16.00WinterTown:KendalTullieTullieDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromarttointeractivefun,sothereissomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr-31Oct:MontoSat10..00,Sun11.00-17.00LowSeasonINov-31Mar:MontoSat1000-16.30.Sun12.00-16.30Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&TheWordsworthDiscoverWilliamWordsworthsinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafe.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09.30-17.30(lastadmission17.00).Town:Grasmere2I.WhenistheHouseatDalemainA.09.30-17.30B.10.30-16.00C.11.15-16D.12.00-16.30.22.WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotAEnjoyRomney'sworksB.Havesomeinteractivefun.D.Learnthehistoryofafamily.C.Attendafamousfestival.23.WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth'slife?A.PenrithB.Kendal.C.Carlisle,D.Grasmere语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了几个湖区景点,包括其营业时间及地点等21.选C细微环节理解题,依据DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens部分中的信息“Hose11.15-16.00(15.00inOct),”可知,答案选C22选A。细微环节里解题,依据AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum部分中的信息“TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.”可知,游客可以在此处观赏Romney的作品,故23.选D细微环节理解题,依据DoveCottage&TheWordsworthMuseum部分中的信息“TownGrasmere”可知,假如游客想探究Wordsworth的生活可以去Grasmere,故选D题型三数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能依据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简洁，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目困难用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采纳“列表法”，即按肯定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清楚，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太困难的数据，可采纳“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简洁的运算就可得出。(全国新高考A）POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpace6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。1.A。细微环节理解题。依据Prizes部分中第一段中的“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。题型四排序题这种试题要求考生依据事情发生的先后依次和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事务的正确依次。做此类题目可采纳＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事务和最终一个事务，这样可以快速缩小选择范围，从而快速找到答案。阅读理解的文章假如是记叙文，排序题通常以事务发生的时间为线索；假如是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后依次为线索；假如是争论文，排序题通常以逻辑依次为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。题型五图文转换题此类试题要求依据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或依据图形选出相应的文字。可采纳“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，快速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。TheHomeofMyPeopleWhenLewisandClarksteppedontotheWeippePrairieinpresent-dayIdahoinSeptember1808,theymettheNezPerceIndians.Inthefollowingyears,thewhiteexplorers（探险者）begantofightwiththeIndiansfortheirland.SomeNezPercechiefssignedagreementswiththeU.S.government,sellingpartoftheirlands.Butthegovernmentalwaysbrokethoseagreementsanddemandedmoreland.Otherchiefsrefusedtogoalongwiththegovernment’splans.ThemostfamouswasChiefJoseph,whosepeoplelivedintheWallowaValley（present-dayOregon）.“Inordertohaveallpeopleunderstandhowmuchlandweowned,”heonceexplained,“myfatherplantedpolesarounditandsaid:‘Insideisthehomeofmypeople…Itcircledaroundthegraves（坟墓）ofourfathers,andwewillnevergiveupthesegravestoanyman.’”Butin1874,theU.S.governmentdeclaredthevalleyopenforwhitesettlementandorderedtheNezPerceontoareservation（保留地）.Seeingthatresistancewasuseless,ChiefJosephagreedtomove.Later,fightingbrokeoutbetweentheNezPerceandU.S.soldiers.ChiefJosephtriedtoleadhispeopletoCanada,winningseveralbattlesagainstthesoldiersduringtheirflight.Butfinally,hewasforcedtogivein.1.Whichhistoricsite（onthemap）liesinthesouthoftoday’sNezPerceReservation?A.BuffaloEddy. B.DugBar.C.JosephCanyonViewpoint.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNezPercelandsfromthemap?A.TheywereinthestateofOregon.B.Theyhavebecomeahistoricsite.C.Theyhavebecomemuchsmaller.D.TheywerelimitedtotheWallowa【答案与解析】1.D此题考查学生的图示理解实力。首先要找到并标出现在NezPerceReservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到ChiefLookingGlasscamp位于NezPerceReservation的南部。2.C从地图中我们可以看到，NezPerce原先所拥有的土地比现在NezPerce保留区的位置大多了。6．代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生肯定的上下文推想代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较困难的状况下运用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。（全国新高考C篇）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【答案】【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲解并描述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速视察。9.D。词句揣测题。划线句是其次段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，依据第一段最终一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍旧被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消逝的文章这件事，故选D。检测训练检测训练题组一真题在线Passage1（2024·全国新课标卷=2\*ROMANII·A）TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainHistory,Culture&Landscape(景观).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct，SuntoThurs.Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop:10.30-17.00(16.00inOct).House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct)Town:PooleyBridge&PenrithAbbotHallartGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall’stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10.30-17.00Sumner.10.30-16.00Winter.Town:KendalTullieHouseMuseum&ArtGalleryDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere’ssomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr–31Oct:MontoSat10.00–17.00,Sun11.00–17.00.LowSeason1Nov–31Mar:MontoSat10.00–16.30,Sun12.00–16.30.Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseumDiscoverWilliamWordsworth’sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafé.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09.30–17.30(lastadmission17.00).Town:Grasmere1.WhenistheHouseatDalemainA.09.30-17.30. B.10.30-16.00. C.11.15-16.00. D.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotA.EnjoyRonney’sworks.B.Havesomeinteractivefun.C.Attendafamousfestival.D.Learnthehistoryofafamily3.WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth’slife?A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。21.细微环节理解题。依据题干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens可知定位在第一部分，依据段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C.11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。22.细微环节理解题。依据题干中的AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum可知答案定位在其次部分，依据其中的TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.(令人印象深刻的永久性保藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览支配有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以观赏到Romneys的作品。A.EnjoyRomney'sworks.(观赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说法，故选A项。23.细微环节理解题。依据题干中的exploreWordsworth'slife可知答案定位在最终一部分第一句，以及最终一行Town:Grasmere可知，假如想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D.Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。Passage2（2024·全国新课标卷Ⅰ·B）JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.''Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,''shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了Jennifer在家里不能供应高校教化的状况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成果毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.细微环节理解题。依据其次段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(中学毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付高校教化)可知，中学毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成高校教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力读完了高校)符合以上说法，故选C项。5.细微环节理解题。依据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照看孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照看她的三个孩子。A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.(为了便利照看她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时间。B.Hertimewithfamily.(她与家人的时间)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.推理推断题。依据最终一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(虽然经验了这些，但她始终保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成果毕业)和However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat’stheprettypowerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是特别强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成果毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推想，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。Passage2（2024·全国新课标卷Ш·C）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.8.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.9.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.10.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。8.细微环节理解题。依据第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧房和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中运用一楼。故选B项。9.推理推断题。依据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺当。我举荐它吗?是的，我想我会举荐在一起居住的。”由此推断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的看法是主动的。故选A项。10.细微环节理解题。依据第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。依据第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。11.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其依据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。Passage4（2024·江苏·B）Sometimesit’shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry’spast-age-oldcastles,splendidhomes…andredphoneboxes.Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards(废品场),thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines(除颤器).Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.Aboutthattime,TonyInglis’engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemforlpound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.Othersalsolookedatthephoneboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024.Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.Hesaidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast.I“likewhattheyaretopeople,andIenjoybringingthingsback,”hesaid.12.Thephoneboxesaremakingacomeback______.A.toformabeautifulsightofthecityB.toimprovetelecommunicationsservicesC.toremindpeopleofahistoricalperiodD.tomeettherequirementofgreeneconomy13.Whydidthephoneboxesbegintogooutofserviceinthe1980s?A.Theywerenotwel