2024-2025学年高中英语Unit7Artlesson1练习含解析北师大版必修3

PAGEUnit7ArtLesson1词汇学问·自主学习Ⅰ.依据语境写出正确单词1.showathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear显出一个瘦弱的身影,脸上带着恐惊的表情2.makepeopleseeyellowspots 让人们看到黄点3.letoutapowerfulscream 发出一声有力的尖叫

4.stayingatahomeforthementallyill 待在一家精神病院里5.paintthemassivecircles 画大圆圈6.beneaththisamazingsky 在这片奇妙的天空下7.affecthissenseofsight 影响他的视觉

8.hearthescreamofnature 倾听大自然的呼喊9.paintthesamescene27times 同一个场景画了27次10.seemlikequiteamysteriousscene 看起来很奇妙

11.producedifferentreactionsinviewers 在观众中产生了不同的反应Ⅱ.依据语境写出短语的含义1.Whenshesawhim,sheletout(发出)acryofhorror.2.Let’sseton(起先)byreviewingwhatwedidlastweek.3.Atypicaltrainingprogrammetakestheformofaseriesof(一系列)workshops.4.Theyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputeritisconnectedto(与……连接的).5.Asfor(关于)theproblem,Ithinkitisawisechoiceforyoutobuyane-dictionary.6.Moreover,youmayhavechancetoplaywith(同……一起玩)outstandingplayers.7.Similarly,Amazonisfullof(充溢)freee-books,withalistofthetop100freee-books.8.Alwaysremembertoloveyourmother,becauseonlyhaveonemotherinyourlifetime(在你的一生中)!9.Ourcountryisdevelopingatanamazingspeed(以惊人的速度),whichiswhatmakesmefeelsoproud.Ⅲ.补全句子1.Whatisstrangeisthatabovethehouseandthetree,weseeadaytimeskyfullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds.惊奇的是,在房子和树木之上,我们看到光明的天空和松软的白云。

2.Itshowsabeautifulhouselitbylightsfrominside,surroundedbythedarknessofnight.它展示了一座美丽的房子,房子里充溢了灯光,外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。

3.Healsotookadrugthatcanmakepeopleseeyellowspots,justlikethestarsinTheStarryNight.他还服用了一种能让人看到黄色斑点的药物,就像《星月夜》中的星星一样。

4.ManyexpertssaythatTheScreamisconnectedtoMunch’smentalheathproblems,whichcausedhimalotofpain.很多专家说,《呼喊》与蒙克的心理健康问题有关,这给他带来了很多苦痛。

5.Magrittewasapainterinspiredbyhisthoughtsandideas.

马格利特是一位受到自己思想和想法启发的画家。6.Hisviewwasthatartshouldshocktheviewersandchallengetheirsenseofreality.

他的观点是艺术应当震撼观众,挑战他们的现实感。阅读精析·合作学习Task1框架宏观建构:整体理解

1.Skimthepassageandfillintheblanks.Paras.1-3:Introducetheauthorand①__________processofTheStarryNight.

Paras.4-6:Introducetheauthorandcreation②__________ofTheScream.

Paras.7-9:Introducethe③__________andcreationprocessofTheEmpireofLight.

答案:①creation②process③author2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Narration(记叙文). B.ArgumentativeEssay(争论文).C.ExpositoryWriting(说明文). D.PracticalWriting(应用文).答案:C3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Thepassageismainlyaboutthecreationprocessofthemasterpiecesofthethreepaintersandpeople’scommentsontheirpaintings.

【寻技巧·提实力】1.Skim(略读)Skim指“略读”,又称阅读,指的是跳过文章的详细细微环节不看,只看文章的图片、标题或者各段的主旨句等,在短时间内快速驾驭文章的主旨和大意的阅读方法。它属于理解性技能。2.如何用Skim策略找主题句?(1)段落首句是主题句的规律①赐予例证、说明或说明的段落;②下定义的段落;③对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落;④表明缘由和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落。(2)段落中间句是主题句的规律段落特征:描述细微环节——提出主题——说明或提问。(3)段落尾句是主题句的规律段落特征:描述细微环节或交代论据——做出概括。3.什么是自述式说明文?自述式说明文就是作者以自己的口吻对某个事物或现象的产生、发展特性、性质、状态功能等进行阐述、介绍、说明或说明的文章。它常用举例、比较、分类或叙述等方法说明事物。Task2文本微观剖析:细微环节探究

1.Choosethebestanswer.(1)WhoisthepainterofTheEmpireofLight?A.EdvardMunch. B.VincentvanGogh.C.LeonardodaVinci. D.RenéMagritte.(2)Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.VanGoghwasafamousartistwhenhewasalive.B.TheStarryNightisasuccessfulworkofVanGogh.C.VanGoghpaintedTheStarryNightusingacommonmethod.D.TheStarryNightsoldwellbeforeVanGoghdied.(3)WhendidMunchpaintTheScream?A.In1893.B.In1889.C.In1953.D.In1954.(4)WhydidMagrittepainthisworks?A.HewasencouragedbyVanGogh.B.HelovedEdvardMunch’sworks.C.Hewasinfluencedbyhisownthoughtsandideas.D.Helovedthenatureandgotinspirationsfromit.答案:(1)～(4)DBAC2.Rereadthepassageandfillintheblanks.TheStarryNightTheScreamTheEmpireofLightwriters(1)VincentvanGoghEdvardMunchRenéMagritteWhatmayhaveinspiredthepainter?VanGogh’s(2)mentalillnessmayhaveaffectedhissenseofsight.Healsotookadrugthatcanmakepeopleseeyellowspots.Hewaswalkingdowntheroadwithtwofriendswhenthesunset;suddenlytheskyturnedasredasblood...Hestoodthereshaking.Thenheheardthe(3)screamofnature.Hewasinspiredbyhis(4)thoughtsandideas.OpinionsaboutthepaintingHealsothoughtitwasa(5)failure.ItisconnectedtoMunch’smentalhealthproblems,whichcausedhimalotof(6)pain.Hethoughtthatthechangebetweendayandnightinthepaintingswas(7)surprising.3.Longsentenceanalysis.(1)Inhisdiary(状语),Munch(主语)talkedabout(谓语)whatinspiredhim(宾语从句).

译文:蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源。(2)Whatmakesitstriking(主语从句)is(系动词)thatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear(表语从句)—thefigure’smouth(主语)is(系动词)wideopen(表语)andlettingout(谓语)apowerfulscream(宾语).

译文:这幅画富有冲击力,画中有一个表情恐惊的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张,正发出剧烈的尖叫声。Task3阅读思维升华:主题实践

1.Whatarethenamesofthethreepaintings?(CriticalThinking批判性思维)TheStarryNight;TheScream;TheEmpireofLight.

2.What’syouropinionofthethreepaintingsafterreadingthepassage?(CreativeThinking创建性思维)Inmyopinion,thethreepaintingsarefullofartisticbeautyandgivepeoplethespacetoimagine.

要点精研·探究学习1.figuren.数字;人物;身材;图形vt.计算;认为*(2024·江苏高考)Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonal,songs.娜奥米想出了16首史蒂夫最宠爱的、最特性化的歌曲。*(2024·天津高考)IfiguredIneededtodothesametoensureagoodcareer.我想我须要这样做才能保证我有个好工作。*Heisapersonwecanalwaysfigureontocompletehisjobs.他是一个我们常常可以希望其完成任务的人。*By2004,thisfigurehadrisento14million.到2004年为止,这个数字已增长到1400万。*She’salwayshadagoodfigure.她一向体态美丽。*Themovementissupportedbykeyfiguresinthethreemainpoliticalparties.这场运动由3个主要政党的重要人物支持。figureout计算出;想出;理解figureon 希望;准备figurethat... 认为……【巧学助记】图文巧记figure一词多义(1)语法填空。①TheonlyproblemisthatIcan’tfigureoutwhyshe’dwanttodateaguylikeme.

②Itfiguresonwhatthecustomerwantstousehis/herpencilfor.(2)Wemustfigureouthowtosolve(想出如何解决)theproblem.

(3)Wecanfigureonhimtojointhework.

我们可以希望他参与这项工作。2.massiveadj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的*Theexplosionmadeamassiveholeintheground.爆炸在地面上留下了一个巨大的坑。*Theyhaveamassivegreathouse.他们有一座特别大的房子。*Thepagewascoveredwithamassoffigures.纸上写满了密密麻麻的数字。*Hismusiciscommercial.Itisaimedatthemasses.他的音乐很商业化,针对的是一般大众。(1)massivelyadv.大量地;沉重地;庄重地(2)mass n.块,团;群众,民众;大量;质量massof... 大量;很多themasses 群众;平民百姓(1)语法填空。①Governmentattemptstosuppressdissatisfactionamongthemasses.

②Theyinsistthetaxwillmassively(massive)reducefutureinvestment.(2)Istruggledthroughthemassofpeople(人群里)totheexit.

3.affectvt.影响;使感动;假装;侵袭*(2024·天津高考)Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.这些行动极大地影响了生态平衡。*Thewholefoodchainisaffectedbytheoveruseofchemicalsinagriculture.整个食物链因农业中过度运用化学制品而受到影响。*Thismayhaveaneffectonfoodprices.这将会对食品价格有所影响。*Theworld’sfirstanti-tobaccotreatyhascomeintoeffect.世界上第一个烟草限制条约已经起先生效。(1)beaffectedby...被……打动(2)effect n.结果,作用,影响haveaneffecton 对……有影响comeintoeffect 起先生效【巧学助记】Drinkingtoomuchhasabadeffectonyourhealth,sogiveupdrinkingtopreventalcoholfromaffectingyourbody.饮酒太多对你的健康有害,所以你要戒酒以防止酒精影响你的身体。(1)语法填空。①Shewasdeeplyaffected(affect)bythesadstory.②Overseasinvestmenthashadapositiveeffectonexports.③Factoriesthatgaveoutharmfulgaseswereallshutdownafterthepolicycameintoeffect.(2)句型转换。Thehomeenvironmentcanaffectachild’sgrowth.→Thehomeenvironmentcanhaveaneffectonachild’sgrowth.

4.spotn.(圆)点;斑点vt.认出;弄脏adj.现场的(spot-spotted-spotted-spotting)*(2024·江苏高考)AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera.克里斯琴森一看到照片,就明白了为什么他没能找到破火山口。*(2024•天津高考)Shesaidshespottedmywalletonabusseat.她说她在公共汽车座位上发觉了我的钱包。*Heansweredthequestiononthespot.他当场就回答了那个问题。*Neighboursspottedsmokecomingoutofthehouse.邻居们发觉有烟从这所房子里冒出来。(1)onthespot当场(2)spotsb.doingsth. 发觉某人正在做某事bespottedwith 散布;点缀(1)语法填空。①Thosespots(spot)helpithideinthejungle.②Ifyoulikethem,youcanbuythemonthespot.

③Ispottedhimsleeping(sleep)intheclassroom.④Thenightskyisspottedwithtwinklingstars.

(2)Thepolicewereonthespotwithinfiveminutes.

警察在五分钟内就到了出事地点。(3)Theworker’scoatwasspottedwithoil.

那个工人的外套上满是油斑。5.failuren.[C]失败的人/事[U]失败*(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.一些早期的企业很快就失败了。*Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpsharpenyouryearahead.年末时快速回顾一年的胜利和失败将有助于你在新的一年进一步磨砺自己。*Persisentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.在他人以失败告终的地方,坚持不懈者起先其胜利。*Apowerfailurecreatedanemergencyintrafficandtransportation.一次停电使交通运输陷入紧急状况。*Theyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat.他们也没意识到自己吃了多少。(1)endinfailure以失败告终heartfailure 心力衰竭successandfailure 胜利与失败powerfailure 停电(2)fail vi.失败,不及格;衰退failtodo 未能做failure作“失败”讲是不行数名词,表示抽象意义;作“失败者,失败的事”讲是可数名词,表示详细意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的详细化”。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是胜利之母。(1)语法填空。①Hardasshetried,shefailedtopass(pass)theexam.

②Asamusicianhewasafailure,butasanartist,hewasagreatsuccess.

(2)Hardworkleadstosuccessandfailureoftenliesinlaziness.

勤奋通向胜利,失败源于懒散。(3)Theirlongstruggleendedinfailure.

他们的长期斗争以失败告终。6.screamvi.尖叫;咆哮;发出尖锐刺耳的声音*Hecoveredhermouthtostopherfromscreaming.他捂上她的嘴,不让她叫出声来。*Thebabyscreamedoutforfood.婴儿哭叫着要食物。screamout尖叫【学问延长】“vi.+out”的短语有:cryout大声呼喊laughout 大笑(1)Whenyoureadthejokesinthisissue,laughoutloud(大声笑出来).

(2)Hewascryingoutinpain(他在苦痛地大叫着)whentheambulancearrived.

(3)Shetriedtoscreamoutloud,butthere’snosound.

她试图大声尖叫,但是却没有声音。7.strikingadj.惊人的;显著的*Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.然而,它最引人注目的特点只能在年轻人身上发觉。*Thechildranintotheroadandwasstruckbyacar.孩子跑到马路上被车撞了。*Hestruckthetablewithhisfist.他用拳头打桌子。*Abouttwomillionworkerswentonstrikein1919.大约两百万工人在1919年罢工。【导图理词】【巧学助记】Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。(1)语法填空。①Agoodideastruck(strike)measIwasteachingstudentshowtosolvetheproblems.②Itstruckmethatwemaymissthelastbus.③Staffatthehospitalwentonstrikeinprotestattheincidents.④IwasstruckbythebeautyoftheWest(2)Iwasdeeplystruckby(给我留下深刻印象)herhonesty.

(3)Itstruckherthat(她突然想到)sheforgottolockthedoor.

8.causen.缘由;事业;目标vt.引起;使遭遇*Unemploymentisamajorcauseofpoverty.失业是贫困的主要缘由。*Animalwelfarecampaignersraised￡70,000fortheircauselastyear.动物爱护主义者去年为他们的事业募集了7万英镑。*Dotheyknowwhatcausedthefire?他们知道引起这场火灾的缘由吗?(1)acauseforsth.理由;动机;原因with/withoutgoodcause 理由充分;无缘无故befor/inagoodcause 做好事;行善(2)causesb.todosth. 促使某人做某事(1)语法填空。①Thereisnocauseforconcern.

②Don’tcomplainwithoutgoodcause.

③Hewasrespectedbecausehewasinagoodcause.

④Don’tcausehimtodo(do)somethingthathedoesn’twanttodo.

(2)Onlyafewpeoplecanfindanycauseforcelebration(找到庆祝的理由).

(3)Theprojectisstillcausinghimalotofproblems(仍旧给他带来很多的麻烦).

9.reactionn.反应,回应(与to连用)*However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-inducednuclearchainreaction.然而,1933年9月12日,物理学家利奥·西拉德(LeoSzilard)独创了中子引发的核链式反应。*Moreover,IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.此外,我可以通过在网上阅读别人的反应来推断我对事务的反应是否足够合理。*Inreactiontothephenomenon,somepeoplecalledforraisingtheairpollutiontax.为了应对这一现象,有人要求增加空气污染税。*Onlywhenwereacttoemergenciesinlifecalmlycanwesolveproblemsinabetterway.只有我们冷静应对生活中的紧急状况,我们才能更好地解决问题。*Howdoacidsreactonmetals?酸对金属起什么反应?*Ofcourse,mostparentswon’treactwithextremeanger.当然,大多数的父母不会有极度生气的反应。(1)inreactionto为了应对(2)reactto... 对……做出反应reactagainst... 抗拒,反对……reactwith 和……发生化学反应reacton/upon 对……起作用/有影响【巧学助记】Pleasesharehowyoureactedtothesituationandthecauseofyourreaction.请共享针对这种状况你是如何做出反应的以及你的(这种)反应的缘由。(1)语法填空。①Aspokesmansaidthechangeswerenotinreactiontothecompany’srecentlosses.②HowdidshereacttothenewsthatthemassiveearthquakehappenedinJapan?③Inhisspeech,hereactedagainstthepriceincreases.(2)Thegovernmenttookmanymeasuresinreactionto(为了应对)thechangeoftheclimate.

(3)Howdidhereacttoyoursuggestion?

他对你的建议有什么反应?(4)Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparents(抗拒父母)bygoingagainsttheirwishes.

10.Whatisstrangeisthatabovethehouseandthetree,weseeadaytimeskyfullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds.

惊奇的是,在房子和树之上,我们看到光明的天空和松软的白云。【句式解构】What在句中引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语。*Whatshesawfrightenedher.她看到的事情吓了她一跳。*Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.曾经被认为不行能的事情现在已经变成了事实。*Whathurtourfeelingsmostwasthepersonalcommentofthejudge.最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论。*Whatisgoneisgone.过去的事就过去了。what引导的名词性从句相当于名词的作用,可作主语、宾语、表语,且what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。(1)Mytopictodayiswhatmostscientistsareresearching.(表语从句)我今日的话题就是大多数科学家正在探讨的课题。(2)Whathehastoldusisofgreatimportance.(主语从句)他告知我们的(事情)至关重要。(3)Thequestionwhatmakesthematterworsehasbeenpuzzlingme.(同位语从句)什么使状况更糟的问题始终在困扰着我。(4)Themanagertoldusthathewantedtotakebackwhathehadsaid.(宾语从句)经理告知我们他想收回他说过的话。(1)Hehasgotwhathewants.

他已经得到了他想要的东西。(2)Themanisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

这个男人不再像他从前那样了。(3)他什么时候回来还不能确定。译:Whenhewillcomebackisnotsure.

【学问延长】what在引导名词性从句时的含义是什么?(1)什么(内容)Shedoesn’tknowwhatshecoulddowiththeproblem.(2)……的人Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.(3)……的话Whatthepresidentsaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.(4)……的事Theydon’tknowwhathappenedjustnow.11.Itshowsabeautifulhouselitbylightsfrominside,surroundedbythedarknessofnight.

画中有一座美丽的房子,房子里充溢了灯光,外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。【句式解构】surroundedbythedarknessofnight在此作状语,它的逻辑主语是abeautifulhouse,二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。*Askedwhyhewaslate,hecried.被问到为什么迟到时,他哭了。*Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.小偷假如被抓,会受到警方的惩处。*Delightedwithherwork,theymadeherthegeneralmanager.他们很观赏她的工作,让她当了总经理。*Builtin1192,thebridgeisover800yearsold.这座桥是1192年修的,已经有800多年的历史了。分词(短语)作状语分词(短语)在句中作状语,应依据句子的主语与分词间的关系来定:若分词与句子主语之间为主动关系,用现在分词;为被动关系,用过去分词。若分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则用分词完成时。(1)Questionedaboutthecaseofmurder,hebecametense.当被盘问关于谋杀案的事情时,他变得很惊慌。(2)Takenaroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity’snewlook.=Afterwehadbeentakenaroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity’snewlook.当被带领参观完这座城市后,我们对该城市的新面貌印象深刻。(1)Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.

李雷得知母亲生病了,立刻赶回了家。(2)Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.老师对他所做的事情很满足,于是在班上表扬了他。

(3)Explainedahundredtimes,hestillcan’tunderstandit.

即使给他说明一百遍,他还是不明白。(4)Eventhoughhewastrainedtenhoursaday,hewillstillbeafool.→(分词作状语)Trainedtenhoursaday,hewillstillbeafool.

即使每天训练十个小时,他也还会是个傻瓜。拓视野·观天下1.Amazonexecutiveswouldtellyou:theemptychair,theinternalnicknameofthefigurethatrulestheirlives.亚马逊的高管们会告知你:这张空椅子,是统治他们生活的人物的内部昵称。2.Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturescanbeminimized.虽然旅游业不行避开地会影响到它发生的地区,但这些脆弱的环境和当地文化的成本可以最小化。3.ItiseasytoenjoySingaporewiththeCitySightseeingopen-toptouringsystem.Spotaninterestingplaceorsight?Simplyhopoffandwalkaroundandyoucancontinuethetourlaterbyhoppingonthenextbus.有开放式的旅游系统很简洁就能享受到新加坡的城市风光。发觉一个好玩的地方或景点?只须要跳下车,四处走走,你就可以跳上下一辆公共汽车接着旅游。4.TuYouyou,agreatchemistandscientist,devotedmostofhertimetofindingthecureformalaria.In2015,shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinMedicinefordiscoveringartemisinin,whichisthekeytothetreatmentofmalaria.Sogreatishercontributiontotheworldthatshehasbecomeanidolofmanypeople,includingme.Behindhersuccesswerenumerousfailuresandsetbacks,butneverdidshegiveup.屠呦呦是一位宏大的化学家和科学家,她把大部分时间都花在找寻治疗疟疾的方法上。2015年,她因发觉青蒿素而获得诺贝尔医学奖,青蒿素是治疗疟疾的关键。她对世界的贡献是如此之大,以至于她成了很多人的偶像,包括我。在她胜利的背后是多数的失败和挫折,但她从未放弃。5.ManyChineseInternetusersthoughtTheSun’sreactiontotheincidenttobeanactofpatriotism.很多中国网民认为《太阳报》对该事务的反应是一种爱国主义行为。【要点拾遗】1.scenen.场面,场景;景色,风景*(2024·浙江高考)TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland.他们成为英国流行音乐界最热门的人物。*(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.数码相机于1997年问世。*JohnnyhasbeentryingtomakethesceneinL.A.Clubsforyears.多年来约翰尼始终试图主动地参与到洛杉矶俱乐部之中。*Alotofnegotiationshavebeengoingonbehindthescenes.广泛的谈判始终在隐私进行。*Whendidthenewteachercomeonthescene?新老师是什么时候来上课的?onthescene在现场makethescene 到场,在某处露面behindthescenes 在后台,在幕后;暗中comeonthescene 登场scene作“场面;场景;现场”讲,后接定语从句,且关系词在从句中作状语时,一般用副词where或inwhich来引导。(1)语法填空。①Reportersweresoononthesceneaftertheaccident.②Hewasanimportantmanbehindthescenesintheplay.③Althoughitis30yearssincewelastmet,Istillrememberthescenewherewegotseparatedonarainyday.(2)Thedirector,whohadbeenbehindthescenes,announcedonthesceneattheawardspartythatthebestactressofthefilmwasabouttocomeonthescene.始终在幕后指挥的导演在颁奖晚会现场宣布,这部影片的最佳女主角即将登场。

2.letout放出;发出(叫喊等);泄露;放宽,放大(衣服等)*Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.它们释放出地球上几乎全部生物都须要的氧气。*Wefearnodeath,letalonedifficulties.我们死都不怕,何况困难?letalone更不用说;更谈不上letsb./sth.alone 对某人/某事放任不管letsb.down 使某人悲观(1)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思。①Themanletoutacryandjumpedbackseveralpaces.发出②Manyworkerswereletoutlastyear.解雇③ItwasTomwholetoutthesecret.泄露④Heaskedhismothertoletouthistrousers.放宽,放大(2)Icantellyouthetruth,butyoumustpromisenottoletoutthesecret.

我可以告知你真相,但是你得保证不要把这个隐私泄露出去。(3)Wedon’tknowtheirnames;letalonemakeaphonecalltothem.我们连他们的名字都不知道,更别提打电话给他们了。

(4)Don’tletmedown!I’mdependingonyoutosupportme.

不要让我悲观!我还希望你支持我呢。语法精讲·优化学习名词性从句A:—It’stwentyyearssincewelastmet.B:—ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,thatwegotlostonarainynight.视察上面对话,并完成句子:1.Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.学生们明显应当为他们的将来做好充分的准备。

2.Hetoldmethenewsthismorningthathisfatherhadcomeback.他今日早上告知我他父亲回来的消息。

3.Itisyearssinceheworkedhere,buthisdevotiontohisworkiswhatweoftenhearspokenof.他已不在这里工作多年了,但我们常常听到人们谈起他对工作的奉献精神。

4.SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.

她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。5.Thejobwillbeofferedtowhoevertheemployersbelievehaspreviousexperienceaswellasastrongsenseofduty.

老板们信任这项工作将供应应有工作阅历和剧烈责任心的人。一、概念所谓名词性从句,就是把完整句子当作名词来运用,使之在另一个句子中充当某种成分。一般来说,名词在句中主要充当4种成分:主语、宾语、表语和同位语,从句在什么位置就是什么从句。常见的名词性从句有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。相当于名词作用的句子有3类:陈述句、一般疑问句和特别疑问句。因此,名词性从句可简洁概括为这样一句话:名词性从句就是用3种句子分别充当另外一个句子的4种句子成分。这便构成了名词性从句的本质特征。名词性从句的引导词对应的句子类型是否作成分连词that陈述句that在从句中不作成分连词whether/if一般疑问句whether和if在从句中不作成分连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose连接副词when,where,why,how特别疑问句who和what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which在从句中作主语、表语或定语;whose在从句中作定语。连接副词在从句中作状语二、用法主语从句1.that引导的主语从句(1)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词汇意义,但一般不行省略。*Thattheearthgoesaroundthesunisknowntousall.众所周知,地球围着太阳转。(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不行省略。常见句式主要有以下几种:①It+be+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句*ItisunlikelythatIshouldacceptsuchanofferasthat.我不行能接受像那样的帮助。②It+be+名词(短语)(apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等)+that从句*It’snowonderthathedidn’twanttogo.难怪他不想去。③It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,well-known,announced等)+that从句*ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputoffuntilnextMonday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。在“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。*Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。④It+特别动词或短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turnout,occurto,makenodifference等)+that从句*ItsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatJoewasafraidofbeingalone.她突然想到乔胆怯 独自一个人待着。2.whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句在主句谓语动作前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。*Whetherwecanhavecleandrinkingwaterliesinwhateffectivemeasureswillbetakenbythegovernmentaboutwaterpollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依靠于政府将实行什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。*It’suncertainwhether/ifhe’llcomethisevening.他今日晚上是否会来还不确定。3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever等)和连接副词(when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等)。*WhatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.芭芭拉·琼斯呈现给她的粉丝们的是诚恳和欢乐。宾语从句1.that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时无词义,在从句中不作成分,口语中一般可以省略,但下列状况下不能省略:(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。*Idon’tknowexactlywherehelives,exceptthatit’ssomewhereoutinthewilds.他住在哪里我不是很清晰,只知道是荒野之中的某个地方。(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,从其次个从句起先that不行省略。*Hetoldme(that)hehadtoleaveandthathewouldbebacksoon.他告知我他得离开并且很快就会回来。(3)宾语从句前有插入语时。*Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里。(4)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则须要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find,think,consider,believe,guess,suppose,make等。*Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed.他清晰地表明会议不会被推迟。②hate,like,dislike,appreciate,enjoy等表示“宠爱”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语seeto,dependon,relyon等常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。*Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的时候,我负责把他照看好。2.whether与if引导的宾语从句whether与if引导宾语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有详细的含义,意为“是否”。在下列状况下只能用whether而不能用if:(1)宾语从句中有ornot时,只能用whether。*Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.=Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether,whether可与不定式连用。*Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。*Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.他们不知道是否去那里。3.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有详细词义,且不行省略。*Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.我们的老师总是告知我们,假如想胜利的话,就要信任我们所做的事以及我们自己。表语从句1.通用连接词引导的表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后,引导词有三类:从属连词只起连接作用,其中if不能引导表语从句,that一般不能省略;连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词在从句中作状语。*I’dliketostartmyownbusiness—that’swhatI’ddoifIhadthemoney.我情愿自己创业——那就是假如我有钱将会做的事情。*Theproblemiswhethertheairpollutioncanbecontrolled.问题是空气污染能否被限制住。2.其他连接词引导的表语从句(1)asif/though引导的表语从句,有时可用虚拟语气。*Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasif/thoughagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市,似乎一个厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。(2)because,why引导的表语从句。*Hefailed.Thatisbecausehedidn’tworkhard.他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。同位语从句1.同位语从句的连接词同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news,fact,idea,desire,suggestion,promise,information等)的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的详细内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作成分,that无词义,whether表示“是否”;if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。*Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.他将辞职的报道是假的。2.定语从句与同位语从句的区分定语从句和同位语从句都可以用来修饰名词,但定语从句用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等,先行词在从句中充当某一成分;而同位语从句则表示名词所表示的详细内容。*Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameexcitedusall.(同位语从句)*Thenewsthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall.(定语从句)凡是同位语从句,都可改为Thefact/news/idea/truth/order/hope/suggestion/thoughtis/wasthat...形式,定语从句则不行。语法填空。(1)Withtimegoingby,wehavecometorealizethatcreativityiswhatittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.(2)Iamafraidheismoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.(3)Oneofthemenholdstheviewthatwhatthebooksaidwasright.

(4)ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforwhateverhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.

(5)Althoughrepetitionhelpsmemory,psychologistsdoubtwhetherithelpslong-termmemory.(6)TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?(7)ThemostexcitingmomentforalltheChinesepeoplewaswhentheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamdefendedtheworldchampionwith11straightwins.(8)Thedemandsforfreshwaterfordrinkingandagricultureexceedwhatisavailable.(9)Manycompaniesdon’trealizehowimportantthecustomersare,whichiswhytheylosetheircustomersunconsciously.(10)MyneighbourSanaisalwaysshelteringherchildtoomuch,andthat’swherewediffer.运用本单元所学名词性从句翻译下面语段据报道,今日早上在罗马大街的拐角处发生了一起事故。当时原委发生了什么事,谁也没有望见。一辆小汽车撞上了一辆卡车,但幸运的是没有人受伤。谁将对事故负责仍在调查中。警方不能确定司机是否有罪。警察现在应当做的是找出事故的缘由。他们说,他们很难做出推断,因为事故是如何发生的还不清晰。或许是因为司机太累了,没能刚好停车。司机不承认他在转弯处超速行驶。警方对他所说的是否属实表示怀疑,并确定进行进一步的调查。ItwasreportedthattherewasanaccidentatacorneroftheRomanStreetthismorning.Noonesawwhatonearthhappenedthen.Acarranintoatruckbutfortunately,nobodygotinjured.Whowillberesponsiblefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.Thepolicewereuncertainaboutwhetherthedriverwasguilty.Whatthepoliceshoulddonowisthattheymustfindoutwhatledtotheaccident.Theysaiditwasdifficultforthemtojudgebecausehowtheaccidenthappenedisnotclear.Perhapsthereasonwasthatthedriverwastootiredtostopthecarintime.Thedriverdidn’tadmitthathewasover-speeddrivingattheturning.Thepolicedoubtedwhetherwhathesaidwastrueanddecidedtomakeafurtherinvestigation.

课时素养评价二Unit7Lesson1Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Youmaybephysicallyandmentally(mental)exhaustedafteralongflight.2.Retirementusuallybringswithitamassive(mass)dropinincome.3.Itisdifficulttopredicthisreaction(react)becauseheissomoody.4.Stillworse,thefirefighterscouldn’trescuethemfromtheburning(burn)fire.5.He’stryingtofigureoutawaytosolvetheproblem.

6.Youneedn’thaveaclearviewoftheskytoexperiencethestarry(star)night.7.ShecouldseethemusclesofhisshouldersbeneathhisT-shirt.8.Instriking(strike)contrasttotheirbrothers,thegirlswerebothintelligentandcharming.9.Hewasbeingverymysterious(mystery)aboutwherehewasgoing.Ⅱ.选词填空gointo,letout,seton,aseriesof,beconnectedto,asfor,playwith,befullof,inyourlifetime,athighspeed1.Isetonproducingtravelvideostwoyearsago.

2.Itcanbeconnected