2021年上海市初三中考冲刺阅读讲义首字母之不定代词(学生版)

英语学科讲义中考冲刺：首字母之不定代词中考冲刺：首字母之不定代词一、课前检测：Ididn’tthinkIhadapassion(激情).IwouldsitinfrontoftheTVallday,thinkingaboutnothingbutthenextshow.ItwasnotlongagothatIfirstlearnedhowimportanthavingapassionistolife.OnthatdayIwentwithmymumtodrivemysistertothegym.Iwasbored.Then,asmymumstoppedataredlight,sonthesideoftheroadcaughtmyeye.Itwasamandressedinrags(衣衫褴褛).Hewashomeless.Thatdidn’tinterestme,forIhadseenmanylikehimb.

Butinsomewayshewasd.Thismanwasnotsittingdownwithasadexpression.Hehadaradioinhishandandwasdancinghtothemusic.Theradioseemedtobethemostprecious(珍贵)thinghehad.

“Mum,whydoesthatmanhavearadioeventhoughthe’shomeless?”Iasked.

“Heboughtit,”shereplied.

“Butifhe’shomeless,whydoesn’theusethemoneytobuyfoodorclothes?Hewitonsomethinghedoesn’tneed.”

“Well,Sarah,sometimesfoodandclothesaren’tthemostimportantthings.Weneedhappiness,too.”

Thatmanmustcenoughmusictobuyaradioinsteadoffoodorclothes.Isoonrealizedthathappinessisthektolife.Withoutit,there’snothingtolookforwardto.Apassiongivesapersonthehappinesstheyneedtokeepgoing.二、专题精讲一、不定代词解密不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。常用不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone）any（anything，anybody，anyone）no（nothing，nobody，noone）every（everything，everybody，everyone，）all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）fewother（s），another，none，one，either，neither不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。1．作主语Bothofthemareteachers．他们两人都是教师。2．作宾语Iknownothingaboutthisperson．我对这个人一无所知。3．作表语Allyouhaveisnothing．你所拥有的什么都不是。4．作定语Thereisalittlewaterintheglass．玻璃杯里有一些水。5．作状语Ican'tfindmybookanywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。如何判断空格里的单词是不定代词呢？如何判断空格里的单词是不定代词呢？由于不定代词可以在句子中做很多成分，所以不定代词不像动词、形容词等有较为规律的位置出现。但是这并不妨碍我们做好首字母填空，因为不定代词是可以直接按照上下语境，语句意思来判断的，省略了判断词性这一步。其实是比其他词性更简单好填些。我们在历年中考真题中来仔细看看不定代词是不是比较容易来判断。二、解题技巧首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—代词首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—代词anyoneanythingeithernothingoneshimselfherselfhersOurselvesothersminemyselfnothingnobodysomethingselfThese/Theythemyourself历年上海中考英语首字母填空动不定代词出现情况①Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.②EventhoughHolmeshasknowledgeaboutmanysubjects,suchaschemistry,botany(植物学)andanatomy,hestillneedsDrWatson’shelptofightwithhim.Weshouldalsohaves__86___tohelpyou,especiallyifyoudon’tknowasmuchasHolmes.③WhenIwasatuniversity,Istudiedveryhard.Butalotofmyfriendsdidveryl81work.Somejustdidenoughtopasstheexam.Othersdidn’tdoquiteenough.FredBraineswassuchastudent.HespentmoretimedrinkingintheTeaHousethanworkinginthelibrary.④Thisweek,myfamilytriedtosaveelectricity.Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms.WeswitchedofftheTVwhenn92waswatchingit.⑤Don’tspendlongerthanthirtyminutestryingtofallasleep.Ifyoucan’tgettosleepafterhalfanhour,getupanddos97quiet,likereading.Onlygobacktobedwhenyoufeeltired.A__95__goodreasonforreadingbooksisthatitisuseful.★不定代词基础训练试题:1．Allofuswereinvited,butn____ofuscame.2．TheweatherinShanghaiisdifferentfromt____inBaotou.3．Thebottleisempty.Thereisn____init.4．Today,toomanytreesarestillbeingcutdowns________intheworld.5．Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmea____one.6．“Whichofthetwodictionariesdoyoulikebetter?”“Ilike____,becausethey'renotuseful.”7．Theywereallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.8．____ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinthedictionary.9．Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas____timetodothehousework.课堂练习：【例1】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟TheLondonOlympicGamesareontheway.YoumayhaveanicetripinLondonwiththehelpofthefollowinginformation.GettingaroundinLondonByundergroundTheundergroundisfastandconvenient.Thereisastationeveryfewblocks.Undergroundtrainsrunfrom5:30a.m.to12:00midnight.Youcangettoanyplacee_____86_____.

BybusTravellingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity,especiallyfromthetopofadoubledeckerbus.Thereisalwaysabusstopnearby.Therearespecialticketsforc_____87_____undertheageof12.BytrainTakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.YoucanuseaTravelcardontheunderground,busesandmosttrains.Top_____88_____yourjourney,getamapfromtherailwaystations,takesometimetothinkabouttheplacesyouwanttovisit.

BytaxiLondon’sblacktaxisaref_____89_____.ManyvisitorstoLondonknowtheyaregoodandfortable.Theywillcostyouafewpounds,though.Takeataxionce,fortheexperience.Byb_____90_____The“riverbus”leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.AgoodwaytoseethecityfromtheRiverThames.BycarDon’tdriveyourcarinLondon!Carparksareverye_____91_____.Youhavetopayaspecialcongestioncharge(拥堵费)todriveyourcarintothecitycentre.BybikeTherearen’tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.Cyclingwithalargeguidedgroupisbetterthanr_____92_____alone.OnfootThebestwaytovisitthecity!Butlookrightandleftbeforeyoucrossastreet.Therearemanybeautifulsightswaitingforyou.【例2】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshareaflat,especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohavejustfinishedschool,becauseflatsareusuallyexpensive.Andm_____86_____isnottheonlyreasonforhavingaroommate.Sharingaflatcanbefun.Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat_____87_____experience.Someexperts(专家)didastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohadproblemswiththeirroommateswerenothappyatschoolandweremorelikelytogetsickthanotherstudents.So,howcanyoul_____88_____witharoommateandenjoyit?Hereissomeadvice:Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyoustaywiththemallthetimefromwhenyoudon'tseethemveryo_____89_____.So,beforeyouplantosharearoomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow,talktoeachother.It'simportanttobeh_____90_____aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.Whenyoumoveinwitharoommate,makerules.Decidehowyouwillshareh_____91_____,suchascleaning,washingandshopping.Willyousharefood?IsitOKtohaveguests?Andwhataboutloudmusic?Don'tgetangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof_____92_____theunhappythingsbetweenyouandyourroommate.Nooneincludingyouisperfect.【例3】（上海年阅读C篇）限时8分钟AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther_____81_____ofthesurvey.It’snotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafterschoolactivities.P_____82_____activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi_____83_____bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv_____84_____collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.V_____85_____friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternetA_____86_____popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss_____87_____wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.练习1（徐汇一模C篇）Mostpeopleknowthatintelligencequotient(IQ)isimportant,butEQisprobablymoreimportantindailylife.Whenfacinganexam,EQhelpsustomanageourfeelings.Whengettingalongwithfriendsorparents,EQhelpsustoc_____81_____well.EQisshapedpartlybygenetics（基因）.Youcanseesomebabiesarequiet,whileothersarenot.B_____82_____,EQissomethingyoucanlearnforyourself.Youcanlearnwhatdifferentfeelingsmightmeanandhowtheyrelatetoyourselfandothers.Ifwelearnintherightway,ourEQcangetbetteraswegetolder.ChildrenwithahighEQusuallyhavegreatersuccesswithmakingfriends.HavingahighEQneedsafewdifferentskills.Learningabouttheseskillscanhelpustoi_____83_____ourEQ.Butwhatarethey?Let’stakealook!1.KnowyourselfMostpeoplefeelmanydifferentfeelingst_____84_____theday.Somefeelingslikesurpriselastjustafewseconds.Others,likehappinessandsadness,maystayaroundmuchl_____85_____.BeingabletorecognizetheseeverydayfeelingsisthemostbasicofallEQskills.2.ManageyourselfWeallgetangry.Weallhavedisappointments.Butweneedtocontrolit.Itisnotalwaystherighttimeorplacetoexpressourfeelings.Whenyouareangrywithsomeone,takeadeepbreathands_____86_____countto10.Thisway,youcancalmdown.3.EncourageyourselfWhenyoufailanexam,youmaybedisappointed.Butthereissomethingmoreeffectiveyoucando—learntoencourageyourself.Itgivesyoutheenergyandc_____87_____tomoveon.Ithelpsyoutobuildastrongheart.练习3（浦东新区一模C篇）Youknowthateatingasensibledietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.Butdoyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarter?Herearesevenstepstowardasmarterbrain.LimityourTVviewingNeverspendtoomuchtimeonTVviewing,foritn_____81_____verylittlebrainactivities.Yourbrainwillbeeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.IfyoudowatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandmeaningful.TravelTravellingtoa_____82_____countryforcesyoutoseeanddothingsinafreshway,bringingstimulationtothebrain.LearnanewalanguageLearninganewlanguageinvolvesdifferentlearningmethods.Learningalanguagesharpensyourbrainsandhelpspreventmemoryp_____83_____thatyoumaymeetinlateryears.ReadoftenAsyouread,takethetimetolookuppeopleorplacesthataren’tfamiliar.Readingmakesyourvocabularymuchl_____84_____ifyoualwayssearchforwordsanddefinitionsthatyoudon’tknow.Eachweek,chooseananimal,abirdorafish,andreadeverythingyoucanaboutit.Stretchyourbrainasyoubeeanexpertonthesubject.Calculatew_____85_____youshopAsyouputthingsinyourgrocerycart,totaleverythinginyourhead.Seehowcloseyougettotheactualtotal.Useyournondominant（不占优势的）handIfyouarerighthanded,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouarelefthanded.Doingfamiliarthingsinadifferentwaywillmakeyourbrainc_____86_____newneuralnetworks.Wechat（微信）！Readmessagesfrompeoplewhohavedifferentinterests.Andsomesaythatlearningtoexpressy_____87_____injust100wordsisagreatbrainchallenge.Haveatryanddotheseeveryday.Littlebylittleyoucangetintothehabitofchallengingyourbrain,andmakeyourbrainsmarter!练习4（闸北一模C篇）ThestorybehindtheshoppingcartCharactersSylvanGoldmanownerofagroceryshopFredYoung—Sylvan’sfriend,amechanic(机械师)Onenightin1936,inanAmericancity.InsideFred’sworkshop.SylvansitsnexttoFred,whoismakingadjustments（调试）totheirnewi_____81_____—ashoppingcart.Sylvan:Mycustomersdon’tlikeourshoppingcart.Fred:Really?Sotheyp_____82_____shoppingwiththoseheavybaskets?Sylvan:(nods)I’vegotahugecrowdofcustomerseveryday,b_____83_____noneofthemwantstousethecart.Fred:Idon’tunderstand.Weinvitedthecartsopeopledon’tneedtocarryabasketaroundtheshop.Sylvan:(laughs)Andsothattheywillbuymoregroceries!Fred:Sowhydon’ttheyliketheshoppingcart?Sylvan:Youngmenthinkthatpushingacartaroundmakesthemlookw_____84_____andslow,andyoungwomenthinkit’sunfashionable.Fred:Ofcourseitisn’tfashionablerightnow.It’sonlyjustbeeninvented!ButI’msureolderpeoplewillappreciateit.Sylvan:Um...Fred:What?Theydon’tlikethecarte_____85_____？Sylvan:Well,theythinkpushingitmakesthemlookhelpless!Fred:Oh,no.Weneedtodosomething,Fred.Wecan’tjustg_____86_____uponthisinvention!Sylvan:Wewon’t.(Hegetsupandwalksaroundtheroom.Suddenly,hestops)Aha!I’vegotanidea.Fred:Whatisit?Sylvan:I’llhire(雇佣)somegoodlookingguysandgirlstopushthecartsaroundandpretendtheyareshopping.Fred:Oh!Sotherealshopperswillseetheseattractivepeopleusingthecartsandthink,‘Hey,ifit’sgoodenoughforthem,it’sgoodenoughforme!’Sylvan:E_____87_____.Fred:Hey!Maybeyoucouldgetoneofthegirlstogreetyourcustomersandencouragethemtousethecart.Sylvan:Greatidea!课后作业：奉贤区Inone’slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou80,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself（彻底自我），youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow81.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsselfappreciation（自我欣赏）.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.82yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto83yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurt.Whenyouare84,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon’tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.80.A.winB.failC.knowD.beat81.A.wheretodoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.whytodo82.A.SinceB.WhenC.UntilD.Although83.A.takecareofB.bekindtoC.bepleasedwithD.dependon84.A.happyB.fortableC.pleasedD.sad85.A.NooneB.EveryoneC.SomeoneD.Anyone虹口区Whatwasnapkinetiquette(礼仪)?Etiquette___80__rulesthatsocietyhassetupforpeopletofollowsothattheycandothingsintheproperway.Napkin(餐巾)etiquettehasdevelopedovertime.Accordingtoproperetiquettetoday,oneshouldputone’snapkinonone’slap(膝盖)assoonaseveryoneisseatedatthetable.Whenoneexcusesoneselfandleavesthetableforafewminutes,oneshould__81__one’snapkintotherightofone’splate.Whatwasnapkinetiquettelikebeforeitdevelopedintowhatitistoday?InancientEgyptian,Greek,andRomantimes,theetiquettewasquitedifferent.Napkinsweremuch__82__.Often,theywereaslargeasbathtowels.Banquets(宴会)usuallylastedforhours,andpeopleatewiththeirhands,althoughfingerbowlsfilledwith__83__wouldsometimesbeavailable,thelargenapkinswerenecessaryifonewantedtostayreasonablyclean.AseconduseforthenapkindevelopedinthesixthcenturyB.C.Romansociety.Atthattime,__84__wereexpectedtotakefoodhome.Theuneatenfoodwaswrappedupandcarriedinone’snapkin.Itwasconsiderednotpolitetoleaveemptyhanded.Napkinsizechanged__85__withaninvention.Theinventionthatcausedthissizechangewasthefork.Sincepeoplebegantosueforks,theirhandsnolongergetasdirtyasbefore.Althoughnapkinsbecamesmallerinsize,manyEuropeansdidnotusethem.Thecustomwastowipeone’shandsonthetablecloth.Atthattime,tableclothsweresolargethatonecoulduseapartofittocoverone’slap.Coveringone’slapwiththetableclothservedtwopurposes(目的).Onecouldwipeone’shandsonit,andonecouldprotecthislapfromgettingdirty.80.A.pointsoutB.dealswithC.searchesforD.givesup81.A.placeB.tieC.throwD.pass82.A.heavierB.softerC.drierD.bigger83.A.riceB.waterC.breadD.soup84.A.soldiers