Unit8Naturaldisasters-2022-2023学年八年级英语上册（牛津译林版）

20222023学年八年级英语上册单元话题拓展阅读Unit8NaturaldisastersAManyanimalsdostrangethingsbeforeanearthquake.Thisnewsmaybeimportant.Earthquakescankillpeopleandknockdownhomes.Theanimalsmayhelptosavelives.Someanimalsmakealotofnoisebeforeanearthquake.Farmershavetoldaboutthis.Dogsthatareusuallyquiethavestartedtobark(吠).Horsesonfarmshaverunaroundincircles.Micehavelefttheirholesandrunaway.Cowshavegivenlessmilk.InatowninItaly,catsraceddownthestreetinagroup.Thathappenedonlyafewhoursbeforeanearthquake.InSanFrancisco,amankepttinypetfrogs.OneSunday,thefrogsjumpedaroundmorethanever.Theymadeloudnoises,likebiggerfrogs.Thatnight,anearthquakestruckthecity.Peoplewanttoknowwhenanearthquakeising.Thentheycouldgetawaysafely.Rightnow,thereisnosurewaytoknowaheadoftime.Maybethebestideaiswatchingtheanimals.（1）Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A．howanimalsactbeforeanearthquakeB．howanearthquakestartsC．howmiceleavetheirhomesD．howanimalsliveeveryday（2）BeforetheearthquakeinItaly,quietdogs_____.A．ranaway B．startedtobarkC．climbedtrees D．jumpintothewater（3）BeforetheearthquakeinItaly,thefrogs_____.A．sang B．jumpedintothewaterC．died D．jumpedaroundalotBTheleaders（领导人）of13countrieshadabigmeetinginStPetersburg,RussiafromNovember21to24,2010.Themeetingwasabouttigers.Theytalkedaboutthewaystoprotecttheanimalsintheircountries.Theyagreedtospendmoremoneyprotectingtigersandtheywantedtodoublethenumberoftigersintheworldbefore2022.Tigerisoneoftheworld'smostendangeredanimals.TheWorldWildlifeFund（WWF）says,thereareonlyabout100,000wildtigersnow.Andthenumberisbeingsmallerandsmaller.'Ifnothinghappens,tigerswillfacedisasters,'saidWWFspokeswomanMarievonZeipel.Ninetypesoftigerslived100yearsago,butnowatleastthreeofthemhavediedout.‘Ifpeopleleavetigersaloneanddon’tkillthem,thenthenumberoftigerswilldoublein10years,’saidJeanChristophVie,aFrenchtigerexpert(专家).Chinaisoneofthe13countrieswheretigerslive.Thereareabout50wildtigersinChinanow.TheyaretheBengaltigersinTibet,IndochinesetigersinChina'ssouthwest,andSiberiantigersinthenortheast.TheSouthChinatigerslivedinsoutheastChinamanyyearsagobutdisappearedinthe1970s.Manyexpertsthinktheyhavealreadydiedout.（1）What'sthemeetinginStPetersburgmainlyabout?A．Howtohelptigersfindabetterplacetolive.B．Howtoprotecttigersintheircountries.C．Howtostoppeoplefromhuntingthewildanimals.D．Howtocountthenumberoftigersintheworld.（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheWWF?A．Manytigershavediedonlybecausepeoplehuntthem.B．About3,200tigershavediedinthepast100years.C．Therearemoreandmoretigerstheseyears.D．Thereareabout100,000wildtigersintheworldnow.（3）InJeanChristophVie'sopinion,thebestwaytodoublethenumberoftigersin10yearsis__________.A．todonothingB．tokeepalloftheminthezooC．tostoppeoplefromkillingthemD．tobuildmorenaturereservesfortigers（4）HowmanytypesoftigerswerethereinChina50yearsago?A．3 B．4 C．13 D．50CMaybeyouknowfloods,earthquakes,sandstormsandsoon.Buthaveyouheardoftyphoons?Typhoonsaresomeoftheworststorms,usuallyaroundthePacificOceanandtheSouthChinaSea.MosthappeninJuly,AugustandSeptember.Howdoesatyphoonhappen?Whenlotsofseawatergetshotinthesummersun,itevaporates（蒸发）intotheair.Thismakestheairhotter.Whentheairgetswarmenough,itstartstomovehigherupintosky.Thencoolerairarounditrushesin.Itfillsthespacethatisleft.Aftertheairgetswarmer,itstartstomovequickly,makingwind.Thewindgoesincircles（圆圈）anditkeepsmovinghigherinthesky.Thewarmertheairgets,thequickerthewindmoves.Andwhenthewindmovesfasterthan30metresasecond,atyphoonbegins.Atyphoonhastwoparts,oneiscalledthe“eye”.Intheeye,thewinddoesnotmovesofast.Theotherpartisthewallofcloudsaroundtheeye.Herearethestrongestwindsandhardestrains.Typhoonsareverydangerous.InNovemberthisyear,TyphoonHaiyankilled5500peopleinPhilippines.Morepeoplearemissing.Whattodowhenatyphoonhits?Stayinside.Closeallthewindowsandstayawayfromthem.Trytobringallofyourthingsinside.Strongwindscouldevenblowawayyourbikes!ListentotheradioorTVforimportantinformation.Ifyou'retoldtogotoasaferplace,doitrightnow.（1）Thispassageismostprobablyfrom.A．anadvertisementofatyphoon B．atravelrecordC．aweatherreport D．asciencemagazine（2）Typhoonsoftenhappen.A．inthehotseason B．inthecoldseasonC．onlyinChina D．underthesea（3）Inwhichorder（顺序）doesatyphoonhappen?a.Thewindmovesfastenough,atyphoonstarts.b.Theairmovesquickly,makingwind.c.Thesunmakesseawaterhot.d.Theairgetswarmer.A．dcba B．cdba C．cdab D．dbac（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thewarmertheairgets,theslowerthewindmoves.B．5500peoplediedbecauseofTyphoonHaiyanaroundtheworld.C．Thestrongestwindsandhardestrainsareinthewallofclouds.D．Atyphoonwillnothappenbeforethewindgoesfasterthan30kmasecond.（5）Whenatyphoones,weCANNOT.A．closeallthewindows B．listentotyphoonnewsC．stayinsidethestronghouse D．gooutsidetofindasaferplaceD根据短文回答问题Whatisahurricane?Youmayalreadyknowthathurricanesarestormsthatcancausedevastating(毁灭性的)waves,wind,andrain.Theyhappenduring“HurricaneSeason,”whichisfromJune1stuntilNovember30thintheAtlanticOceanandfromMay15thuntilNovember30thinthePacificOcean.Categories(类别)ofHurricanesTherearefivecategoriesofhurricanes,whicharebasedonwindspeeds.Thecategorieshelppeopleknowhowmuchdamage(危害)ahurricanemaycausebecausethegreaterthewindspeed,themoredangerousthestormis.Forexample,aCategory5hurricanehaswindsover155milesperhour,whicharestrongenoughtodestroythebuildingsalongtheshorelinespletely.HurricaneDangersWhenahurricanehappenstogetherwithheavyrainfall,therecanbeadevastatingflood.Thecentreofahurricaneiscalledtheeye.Whilemostofahurricanehasdangerouslystrongwinds,theeyeisactually(事实上)acalmareainthestorm.Whentheeyeofahurricanepassesoverland,peoplemightthinkthatit'sover,butbeforelongthewindandrainincreaseagainasthesecondpartofthehurricanemovesthrough.HurricaneSafetyTipsThereisnowaytostopahurricaneormakeitchangedirection,soifyoueverfindyourselfinthepathofahurricane,besuretorememberthefollowingsafetytips.Besureyouhavearadio,batteries,freshdrinkingwater,andenoughfood.Tellneighbours,friends,andfamilymembersyouremergencyplans.Tellthemwhereyou'llgoifyouneedtoleaveyourhome.Ifyouliveneartheocean,leaveyourhomeandtraveltoasafeplace.Youcouldstaywithafriendorafamilymember,inahotelorinanemergencyshelterarea.Stayinsideduringthestorm.Youcouldbeseriouslyinjured(受伤)ifyougooutside.（1）WhenisHurricaneSeason?___________________________________________（2）Whatarecategoriesofhurricanesbasedon?___________________________________________（3）Whatiscalledtheeye?___________________________________________（4）Howmanyhurricanesafetytipsarementioned(提到)inthepassage?___________________________________________（5）Whatshouldyoudomostprobablyifahurricanehappens?（自拟一句话作答）___________________________________________EExtremeweatherseemstobeeverywherethesedays.Itissometimesrelatedtoclimatechange.Yetitcanbehardtoseetheeffectonpeople'slives.Ibegandocumentingthateffectin2007,whenIpicturedtwofloodsthatoccurredwithinweeksofeachother,oneintheU.K.andtheotherinIndia.Iwasdeeplyshockedbythedifferenteffectsofthesefloodsandthedamagethattheirvictimsseemedtoshare.SincethenIhavevisitedfloodzonesaroundtheworld.Itravelledtomanycountries,likeAustralia,ThailandandNigeria.Infloodedplaces,lifeissuddenlyturnedupsidedown,andnormallifeistemporarilygone.Photosarethemostimportantinmyresearch.Ioftenfollowpeopleastheyreturnhomethroughdeepwaters,andworkwiththemtotakeacloselookattheirfloodedhomes.Thoughtheirposesmaybeconventional,theirenvironmentischanged.Thechangemakesthemupset.Oftenthey'reabouttheircircumstancesortheimproperresponsefromthegovernment.Manywanttheirsufferingstobeseenandwanttheworldtoknowwhathashappenedtothem.IshootonfilmwitholdRolleiflexcameras.Digitalwouldbeeasier,butthetextureoffilmhasaparticularqualityforme.Theuseofanoldcameramakesthesituationmoreformalandserious.Inmanycultures,thefloodisdescribedasadestructiveforceinoldstories.Itmakeshumansfeelpowerless.Asweatherbeesmoreextreme,thestoryintheBible(圣经)isbeingliteral.（1）Thekeytotheauthor'sresearchis______.A．countries B．deepwaters C．photos D．floodedhomes（2）WhichworddoyouthinkshouldbeputintheblankinParagraph3?A．angry B．excited C．anxious D．sad（3）Themeaningof"texture"inthefourthparagraphisclosestto_______.A．结构 B．内容 C．课本 D．质地（4）Inmanylegendsofdifferentcountries,thefloodisrecordedas_______.A．adestroyingpower B．aphenomenonofextremeweatherC．aformalsituation D．aunrealisticBiblestoryFDuststorms(沙尘暴)appearwhenstrongwindblowssandanddirtfromadrysurface.Strongduststormsmaycausedeaths,soyoushouldknowhowtoprotectyourselffromduststormswhenyoumeetthem.BecarefulofduststormwarningsDuststormsprobablyhappenonhotsummerdays,andit'snotsafeforpeopletotravelduringthisperiod.SoyoushouldlistentothelocalTVorradiobeforetravelling,andconsiderchangingorgivingupyourtripifduststormsarepredicted(预测).BepreparedIfyouareinaplacewherestormshappenoften,carryamask(面具)tokeepdustanddirtawayfromyourface,andapairofglassestoprotectyoureyes.StayinsideDonotmovearoundwhenaduststormes,asyouwillnotbeabletoseehidden(隐藏的)dangers,Soifyouareinahouse,don'tgooutandjuststayinside.ProtectyourselffromflyingobjectsCoveryourbodyasmuchaspossibleinaduststorm.Astrongwindofduststormscancarryheavyobjects,soyoushouldtrytostaylow,andclosetotheground,andprotectyourheadwithyourarmsorabackpack.(1)Whatshouldyoudobeforeyoutravelaccordingtothepassage?A．Packyourbackpack B．Bringsomemoneywithyou.C．ListentothelocalTVorradio. D．Tellyourparentsandfriends.(2)WecanlearnfromthepassagethatA．itissafetotravelonhotsummerdaysB．peopleshouldstayinsidewhenaduststormesC．astrongwindofduststormscan'tcarryheavyobjectsD．apairofglassesisenoughwhenaduststormhappens(3)Whichofthefollowingmaybeneededwhenyoumeetaduststorm?A．Aknife. B．Amask.C．Apairofglasses. D．BandC.(4)Theunderlinedword"dirt"mentionedinthefirstparagraphmeans"______"inChinese.A．烂泥 B．砂砾 C．丑闻 D．尘土(5)What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Howtopredictduststorms.B．Howtoreduceduststorms.C．Howtoprotectyourselffromduststorms.D．Howduststormsform.GAlongtimeago,floods（洪水）oftenhappened.Thefoodburied（掩埋）thelandsandbrokethehouses.Peoplefeltthattheywerelivingindangereveryday.Thefloodreallyhurtalotofpeople,sopeoplebegantothinkabouthowtosolvethisproblem.Atthattime,amannamedGunledpeopletocontrolthefood.Allhedidwastobuildthedam(坝)tokeepthewateroutofvillages.Nineyearslater,therewerestillfloods.HissonYuwentoncontrollingtheflood.Inordertocontroltheflood,Yudidn'treturnhomeforthirteenyears.Inthepastthirteenyears,heraneverywhere,passingbyhishomethreetimes.Butheneverwalkedintoittohavealook.Inhisopinion,nothingwasmoreimportantthanwhathewasdoing.YulearnedfromtheexperienceofGun'sandcameupwithabetterwaytocontroltheflood.Togetherwithmanypeople,hedredged(疏浚)manyrivers.Sothefloodcouldpassthroughtheriversandthengointothesea.Thefloodfinallydieddownandpeoplemovedtheirhomesback.(1)HowdidGuncontrolthefloods?A．Heledpeopletobuilddams. B．Herantolookforlands.C．Heledpeopletomoveaway. D．Herepairedbrokenhouses.(2)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．YucontinuedGun'sworkeightyearslater.B．Yudidn'treturnhomeforthirtyyears.C．Yupassedbyhishomethreetimesayear.D．Yufoundbetterwaystocontrolfloods.(3)Fromthepassagewecanknowthat__________isthebestwaytocontroltheflood.A．callingonpeople B．workingwithfamilyC．dredgingrivers D．buildingsomedams(4)What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AStoryofGun'sLife B．AStoryofControllingFloodC．AStoryofYu'sFather D．AStoryofMovingaVillageHWhatisatsunami(海啸)?Tsunamisareoftencausedbyearthquakesorvolcanoes(火山).Theaveragespeed(平均速度)ofthewaves(波浪)is300mphandthewavescanlastfromfiveminutestoanhour.Whattodoinatsunami?Firstly,whenastrongearthquakeisfelt,leavethewateratonce,gettotheshore(海岸)andgoasfarawayasyoucanfromthebeachfast.Ifitallows,gotoahigherground.Secondly,turnontheTVfornewsandweatherreport.Theywilltellyoumoreaboutthetsunami.Thirdly,getallmembersofyourfamilytogetherandleteveryoneknowthetsunamiising.Chooseaplacetostaytogether.Makesuretheplaceissafeandasfarawayfromtheshoreaspossible.Bringemergencysupplies(应急用品)whenyouhavetoleaveyourhouse.Atlast,ifyoufindahugewaveising,climbontotheroofofyourhouseoronthehighestpointofthenearestbuilding.Holdontoanythingthat'sstrongenough.Climbatreeifyouhaveto.Foratsunami,theonlywaytosurvive(幸免于)itistobeprepared.(1)Whenatsunamies,thewaveswill________.A．goasquicklyas300mphB．beestrongerbeforetheearthquakeC．causeheavyrainD．lastshorterandshorter(2)Howmanysuggestionsarementionedinthispassage?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.(3)Whenatsunamiising,yourfamilyhadbetter________.A．gotothebeachtogetherB．stayinasafeplacetogetherC．stayinyourhouseD．putemergencysuppliesonalowerground(4)WeshoulddothefollowingwhenatsunamiisingEXCEPT________.A．listeningtotheweatherreportB．goingtoalowplacetokeepsafeC．gettingemergencysuppliesreadyD．leavingthewaterasfarawayasyoucan(5)What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Howtokeepsafeinthewater B．WhatatsunamiisC．Whattodoafteratsunami D．Howtosurviveatsunami参考答案A【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】短文大意：在地震发生之前，许多动物会有奇怪的举动，这条消息也许很重要。地震会使很多人丧生，使许多房屋毁坏，动物也许能帮助挽救这些生命。各种动物在地震发生前会有各种奇怪的举动，人们都想知道什么时候会发生地震，以便于安全地躲避，但是目前还没有确切的预测地震的方法，也许最好的办法就是观察动物了。（1）通读全文可知这篇文章是关于地震发生之前各种动物的奇怪的举动，故选A。（2）根据文章的第二段Dogsthatareusuallyquiethavestartedtobark(吠).可知“地震发生前，原本安静的狗狗会开始狂吠”，故选B。（3）根据第三段内容OneSunday,thefrogsjumpedaroundmorethanever.可知选D。【点评】这是一篇科普类短文阅读，讲述了地震发生前，各种动物的奇怪举动，文章比较简单，三个小题的答案都能在文章中找到对应的语句。B【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】短文大意：老虎是世界濒危动物之一，世界野生动物基金会声明目前世界上只剩下100,000只老虎了。2010年11月21至24日，13国首脑会议在StPetersburg,Russia召开，专门讨论了如何保护老虎的问题。（1）根据文章的第一段内容Themeetingwasabouttigers.Theytalkedaboutthewaystoprotecttheanimalsintheircountries.可知十三国首脑会议主要是讨论如何保护老虎的，故选B。（2）根据文章内容TheWorldWildlifeFund（WWF）says,thereareonlyabout100,000wildtigersnow.可知只有选项D描述正确。（3）根据第二段的最后一句话'Ifpeopleleavetigersaloneanddon'tkillthem,thenthenumberoftigerswilldoublein10years,'saidJeanChristophVie,aFrenchtigerexpert(专家).可知选项C正确。（4）根据最后一段的内容可知中国的老虎品种有theBengaltigers,Indochinesetigers，Siberiantigers，以及最后一句TheSouthChinatigerslivedinsoutheastChinamanyyearsagobutdisappearedinthe1970s.Manyexpertsthinktheyhavealreadydiedout.可知“华南虎”是20世纪20年代消失的，到现在不足50年，故50年以前有“华南虎”生存，可以推断中国50年以前有4中老虎，选B。【点评】这是一篇科普环保类短文，阅读，文章稍微有点难度，有的题目在文章中不能直接找到答案，需要通读全文，作出推理判断。C【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）D【解析】短文大意：你也许知道洪水、地震、沙尘暴等自然灾害，但是你听说过台风吗？本文介绍了台风的形成以及怎样躲避台风。（1）通读全文可知这是一篇关于台风的科普介绍，故选D，asciencemagazine科学杂志。（2）根据第三段的内容Howdoesatyphoonhappen?Whenlotsofseawatergetshotinthesummersun,itevaporates（蒸发）intotheair.Thismakestheairhotter.Whentheairgetswarmenough,itstartstomovehigherupintosky.可知“台风多发生在夏季”，故选A。（3）通读全文可知台风发生的顺序为cdba，故选B。（4）研读文章可知只有选项C描述正确。（5）根据文章末尾处的介绍Whattodowhenatyphoonhits?Stayinside.Closeallthewindowsandstayawayfromthem.可知“台风发生时不能出去”，故选D。【点评】本文有一定难度，个别小题需要根据相关内容进行推理总结。首先要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，掌握短文大意，然后带着问题再读短文，找出相关段落，分析总结，判断出正确选项。文章所设试题主要考查细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。D【答案】（1）It'sfromJune1stuntilNovember30thintheAtlanticOceanandfromMay15thuntilNovember30thinthePacificOcean.（2）Windspeeds.（3）Thecentreofahurricane.（4）Four.（5）Ishouldstayinsideduringthestorm.(言之有理即可)【解析】本文介绍了什么是飓风，飓风发生的时间，飓风的类别，飓风所带来的各种危险以及如何防范飓风。（1）根据第一段内容Theyhappenduring“HurricaneSeason,”whichisfromJune1stuntilNovember30thintheAtlanticOceanandfromMay15thuntilNovember30thinthePacificOcean.可知飓风发生的时间，故答：It'sfromJune1stuntilNovember30thintheAtlanticOceanandfromMay15thuntilNovember30thinthePacificOcean.（2）根据第二段内容Therearefivecategoriesofhurricanes,whicharebasedonwindspeeds.可知飓风的分类取决于风速，故答：Windspeeds.（3）根据第二段内容Thecentreofahurricaneiscalledtheeye.可知答案为：Thecentreofahurricane.（4）根据文章内容Thereisnowaytostopahurricaneormakeitchangedirection,soifyoueverfindyourselfinthepathofahurricane,besuretorememberthefollowingsafetytips.已经以下的四点提示，可知答案为：Four.（5）属于开放题，飓风发生时你应该怎么办，只要言之有理即可。【点评】这是一篇科普环保类的任务型阅读，根据文章内容回答问题，解答此类题目可以先浏览问题，带着问题再去阅读短文会起到事半功倍的效果。E【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】文章大意：本文主要介绍作者所记录的洪水对人们生活的影响。（1）细节理解题。根据文中第三段Photosarethemostimportantinmyresearch.在我的研究中，照片是最重要的。可知，故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据前句Thechangemakesthemupset.这种变化让他们感到不安。​​​​​​​和后句Manywanttheirsufferingstobeseenandwanttheworldtoknowwhathashappenedtothem.许多人希望看到他们的痛苦，希望世界知道他们发生了什么事。​​​​​​​可知，此处指的是“通常他们对他们的环境或者政府的不恰当反应很生气。”故选A。（3）词句猜测题。根据前句IshootonfilmwitholdRolleiflexcameras.Digitalwouldbeeasier,我用老式的禄莱相机拍电影。数字化会更容易，和后面的转折可知，此处指的是“胶片的质地对我来说有一种特殊的品质。”故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据文中最后一段Inmanycultures,thefloodisdescribedasadestructiveforceinoldstories.在许多文化中，洪水在古老的故事中被描述为一种破坏性的力量。可知，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。F【答案】CBDDC【解析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是当人们遇到沙尘暴时应该怎么做。【点评】考查阅读理解。先通读短文，理解短文大意。然后分析问题，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的细节找出问题答案。对于文章的主旨大意要根据文章的主题句和中心思想确定。(1)细节理解题。根据SoyoushouldlistentothelocalTVorradiobeforetravelling,andconsiderchangingorgivingupyourtripifduststormsarepredicted(预测).可知在旅行前你应该收听当地的电视或收音机。故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据Donotmovearoundwhenaduststormes,asyouwillnotbeabletoseehidden(隐藏的)dangers,Soifyouareinahouse,don'tgooutandjuststayinside.可知当沙尘暴来时人们应该待在家里不出来，故选B。(3)细节理解题。根据Ifyouareinaplacewherestormshappenoften,carryamask(面具)tokeepdustanddirtawayfromyourface,andapairofglassestoprotectyoureyes.可知当沙尘暴来临时口罩和眼镜是需要的，故选D。(4)词意猜测题。Duststorms(沙尘暴)appearwhenstrongwindblowssandanddirtfromadrysu