语法知识点总结 沪教牛津版英语八年级下册

八下语法知识点总结语法一：todo不定式MymotherandIwillcontinuetovisitVivien.Iwantedtohelpdisabledchildren.WeneedtohelpchildrenlikeTimandraisetheirspirits.总结1：_____________________________________练习：We(1)________________(decide/meet)Vivientoday.We(2)_______________(want/help)herinsomeway.Whenwearrived,Vivienwasveryhappy.She(3)____________(begin/talk)tomeaboutherschool.Shesaid,“I(4)_________(like/go)toschool,butIdon’thaveanyfriends.Ifeellonely.”Mumgavehersomeadvice.ThenMumaskedmetogiveVivienherpresent,butI(5)_____________(forget/bring)it!Viviensaid,“It’sOK.I(6)___________(hope/see)youagainsoon.”Doyouknowhowtohelpdisabledpeople?Iknowwheretogo.Shecanrememberwhattosay.总结2：_____________________________________练习：1.Hedoesn’tknow________________(wear).他不知道要穿什么。2.Ididn’tknow_________________(go).我不知道去哪儿。3.Iwanttoknow_________________(do).我想知道如何做的。4.Shedoesn’tknow_______________(get)totheMuseum.她不知道如何到达博物馆。5.Ialwayscan’tremember_________________(say).我总是不记得要说什么。AnnietaughtTimtosingbeautifulsongs.Wewantthemtobehappy.Wetaughtthemtotellstories.总结3：_____________________________________练习：1.Jack_________________(want,bring)himsomecomicbooks.杰克想让我给他带些漫画书。2.Cathy_________________(advise,take)ataxi.卡西建议他们打车。3.Mygrandpa_________________(ask,pass)himthesalt.爷爷让我把盐递给他。4.Mydad_________________(tell,cook)fordinneryesterdaynight.我爸昨晚告诉我要做饭。5.Mymum_________________(remind,be)latefordinner.妈妈提醒我晚饭不要迟到。1.Theteachertellsusnottobelate.2.Mymumaskedmenottoopenthebox.3.LilyadvisesLucynottostayuplateatnight.动词不定式做宾语补足语的时候，其否定结构为________________.-WhydidCindyuseabrush?-Cindyusedabrushtopaintapictureofapark.-Whydidtheygotothehospital?-Theywenttothehospitaltohelpthesickchildren.总结4：_____________________________________语法二：动名词的用法一、动名词做主语：Doingsportsisgoodforus.Writingishelpfulformypassage.Smilingandnoddingaregoodposturesforgreeting.总结1：动名词做主语时，单个动名词，动词用___________。两个或以上动名词，动词用______________。二、动名词做宾语：总结2：三个结构：动词+v-ing;介词+v-ing;动词+介词+v-ing; Heenjoystravelingaroundtheworld. Istayathomeinsteadofgoingout. Ilookforwardtoreceivinghisletter.常用直接加ing的动词enjoy,keep,finish,practise,mind,miss,avoid,suggest,imagine,consider,deny,admit…常见的“动词＋介词+动名词”的短语有：preferdoingAtodoingB比起做B来说更喜欢做Abeusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事lookforwardtodoing渴望做某事feellikedoing想做某事giveupdoing放弃做某事keepondoing继续做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事拓展与复习：下列单词既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词作宾语，但意思相差较大。goontodo/doing;stoptodo/doing;forgettodo/doing;remembertodo/doing;trytodo/doing语法三&四：被动语态的用法Thecarhitonme.Iamhitonbyacar.Itakehimtothepark.Heistakentotheparkbyme.Ieattheapples.Theapplesareeatenbyme.总结被动语态句子结构：____________________________________如何将主动句变为被动句？Ieattheapples.Theapplesareeatenbyme. 1.____________________ 2.____________________不同时态下的被动语态句子结构： Theappleiseatenbyme.Theapplesareeatenbyme.Iamhitbyacar.一般现在时的被动语态句子结构：__________________________________ Theappleisbeingeatenbyme.Theapplesarebeingeatenbyme.现在进行时的被动语态句子结构：__________________________________ Theappleswillbeeatenbyme.一般将来时的被动语态句子结构：__________________________________ Theapplewaseatenbyme.Theappleswereeatenbyme.一般过去时的被动语态句子结构：__________________________________ Theapplehasbeeneatenbyme.Theappleshavebeeneatenbyme.现在完成时的被动语态句子结构：__________________________________ Theapplecanbeeatenbyme.Theapplesshouldbeeatenbyme.情态动词的被动语态句子结构：____________________________________语法五：it做形式主语句型&enough的用法1.ItisnoteasyformetospeakEnglish.2.Itwaseasyforhimtorepairthecar.总结1：______________________________________________1.Itiskindofyoutohelpme.2.ItisgenerousofMiketogiveeachofustwopresents.总结2:：______________________________________________1.

Danieliskindenoughtohelptheoldsatalltimes.2.

Andyistallenoughtopicktheapple.总结3：______________________________________________练习：1.Itiswrong____himtolaughatthelittlegirl.A.of B.for C.to D.with2.Itisuseful____ustolearnsomecomputerskills.A.of B.for C.to D.with3.Thechildis____tall____gettheapplesonthetable.A.notso,that B.too,toC.enough,to D.not,enoughto4.It’snotgoodforyou____somanycomputergames.Itisawasteoftime.A.toplay B.play C.playing D.toplaying5.Ifindthiscomputergame____play.A.enougheasy

to B.easyenoughto

C.enougheasilyfor D.easilyenoughfor6.It’sclever____you____somanytoyships.A.of;making B.of;tomake C.for;tomake D.for;making7.He

isn’t

____

to

go

to

school.

A.

old

enough B.

enough

old C.big

enough D.

enough

big8.It’sverynice____youtogetmetwotickets____theWorldCup.A.for;of B.of;for C.to;for D.for;to9.He

wasn’t

____

with

his

knife.

A.

careful

enough B.

enough

careful

C.

carefully

enough

D.

enough

carefully10.Itisnot____youtolearnthreelanguagesatthesametime.A.difficultfor B.difficultto C.easyfor D.easyof语法六：it做形式主语句型&enough的用法一、副词的定义Hesingswell.Thefoodisreallygood.Hedidverywellintheexam.Luckily,hewontherace.总结1：副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子，充当_____成分。修饰动词时，通常放在动词_____；修饰形容词或副词，放在形容词或副词_____；修饰整个句子时，通常放在___________。二、构成：（一般规律）三、在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词。如early,much,fast,late,hard,high,little,wide,loud等。如：1.Thankyouverymuch.(adv.)。2.Thereismuchwaterintheriver.(adj.)。3.Sorry,Iamlateforschoolagain.(adj.)。4.Don’tcomeherelate.(adv.)语法七：原因状语从句的用法一、连接词：as/since/because/becauseof二、原因状语从句用法 1.Becausenooneelsesawthesealiens,Irefusetobelieveyou.2.AsIlikecycling,IamgoingtoNorthCountryPark. 总结1：_________________________________________ 1.Sincenooneelsesawthesealiens,ourfatherrefusedtobelieveus. 2.ItakeanothercupofteabecauseIdon’tlikethatone. 总结2：_________________________________________1.Theywenttotheforestbecauseoftheircuriosity.2.Tinawokeupatmidnightbecauseofaloudnoise.3.Shedecidedtoexploretheforestbecauseofit. 总结3：_________________________________________练习：1.Hemadealotofmistakesintheexam_____hiscarelessness.A.because B.as C.becauseof2.--About379peopledied_____theearthquakeinLudian,YunnanProvince．--Whatbadnews!A.since B.becauseof C.because3.He

didn’t

go

to

work_____the

heavy

rain.A.because B.because

of C.so D.since4.I

didn’t

go

to

the

party

not

_____the

weather

but

_____I

didn’tfeel

well.

A.

because

of;

because B.

because;because

of

C.

because;

because D.

because

of;

becauseof语法八：过去进行时的用法一、复习现在进行时句子结构：Heisdoingexercisesnow.Heisnotdoingexercisesnow.Ishedoingexercisesnow?-Yes,heis./No,heisn’t/isnot.Whereishedoingexercisesnow?现在进行时肯定句：_____________________________________现在进行时肯定句：_____________________________________现在进行时一般疑问句&回答：_____________________________________现在进行时特殊疑问句：_____________________________________二、总结过去进行时句子结构：Hewasdoingexercisesyesterday.Hewasnotdoingexercisesyesterday.Washedoingexercisesyesterday?-Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t/wasnot.Wherewashedoingexercisesyesterday?过去进行时肯定句：_____________________________________过去进行时肯定句：_____________________________________过去进行时一般疑问句&回答：_____________________________________过去进行时特殊疑问句：_____________________________________三、过去进行时的用法：1、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，常与atthattime/moment,then,at9:00p.m.yesterday等时间状语连用。2、过去进行时表示过去某一段时间内持续的动作，常与allday,thosedays,thewholemorning,from7:00to9:00,yesterdayevening等时间状语连用。练习：一、选择合适选项：()1.We____theclassroomathalfpastsevenyesterdaymorning. A.clean B.cleaned C.havecleaned D.werecleaning()2.WhenIsawhim,he____newspaperinhisroom. A.reads B.read C.wasreading D.hasread()3.WhileIwassinging,Sally____. A.wasdancing B.dances C.danced D.weredancing()4.Iwaswashingmyclotheswhenthetelephone____. A.rang B.hasrung C.wasrang D.wasringing二、句型转换1.Theboywasplayinggamesthewholemorning.(改为一般疑问句)_____theboy_________gamesthewholemorning?2.Mymotherwascookinginthekitchenat7:00yesterdaymorning.(改为否定句)Mymother_______________inthekitchenat7:00yesterdaym