高考英语分类汇编之阅读理解中最难语篇

仅供个人学习参考仅供个人学习参考仅供个人学习参考高考英语分类汇编之阅读理解中最难语篇笔者将18套卷进行了分析，下面这些语篇应该是令学生比较头疼的文章，让每周只有五课时的高中生来做的确有些难。每篇文章都给出了上榜理由。1.（2011·重庆卷）E【上榜理由】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲的是怀疑论和环保媒体报道的关系，本文的确难懂。Skepticsarestangelot.Someofthemrefusetoadmittheseriousthreatofhumanactivitiestotheenviroment,andtheyaretiredofpeoplewhodisagreewiththem.Thosepeople,sayskeptics,spreadnotingbutbadnewsabouttheenvironment.The“eco-guilt”broughtonbythediscouragingnesaboutourplanetgivesrisetothepopularityodskepticeaspeoplesearchformorecomfortingworldviews.PerhapsthatexplainswhyanewbookbyBjornLomborgreceivedsomuchpublicity.Thatbook,TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,declaresthatitmeasuresthe“realstateoftheworld”asfine.Ofcourse,anotherexplanationisthedeeppocketsofsomebigbusinesseswithspecialintererts.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg’sviewsaresimilartothoseofsomeIndustry-fundedorganizations,whichstarthugeactivitiesthoughthemediatoconfusethepublicaboatissueslikeglobalwarming.SoitwasstrangetoseeMr.Lomborg’sbookgolargelyunchallengedinthemediathoughhisbeliefswerecontrarytomostscientificopinions.OnenationalnewspaperinCanadarananumberofarticlesandreviewsfullofwordsofpraise,evenwiththeconclusionthat“AfterLomborg,theenvironmentalmovementwillbegintodiedown.”Suchone-sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.ButonlyadifferentreviewappearedinNature,arespectedsciencemagazinewithspecificreadership.ThereviewremarkedthatMr.Lomborg’s“preferenceforunexaminedmaterialsisincredible（不可信的）”。Acritical（批判的）eyeisvaluable,andthemediashouldpresentinformationinsuchawaythatcouldallowpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Unfortunately,thatisofteninaccessibleasblockedbythedesiretobeshockingortodefendsomespecialinterest.Peoplemightbecomehalf-blindbeforeaworldpartiallyexhibitedbythemedia.That’sashame,becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.72.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayberegardedas“skeptics”?A.Peoplewhoagreeonthepopularityof“eco-guilt”.B.Peoplewhodisbelievetheserioussituationofourplanet.C.Peoplewhodisliketheharmfuleffectofhumanactivities.D.Peoplewhospreadcomfortingnewstoprotectourenvironment.73.WhichofthefollowingcanbeareasonforthepopularityofLomborg’sbooks?A.Somebigbusinessesintendtoprotecttheirowninterests.B.Thebookchallengesviewsaboutthefinestateofthewirld.C.Theauthorconvincespeopletospeakcomfortingworldviews.D.Industry–fundedmediapresentconfusinginformation.74.TheauthormentionedthereviewinNatureinorderto____.A.voiceadifferentopinionB.findfaultwithLomborg’sbookC.challengetheauthorityofthemediaD.pointoutthevalueofscientificviews.75.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassenger?A.Toencouragetheskepticstohaveacriticaleye.B.Towarnthepublicofthedangerofhalf–blindnesswithreviews.C.Toblamethemedia’slackofresponsibilityininformation.D.Toshowtheimportanceofpresentingoverallinformationbythemedia.【答案】72---75BAAD2.（2011·四川卷）E【上榜理由】文章讲的是商战中一味追求速度的弊端，讨论了追求速度和加速发展的关系。本话题中学生的确不熟悉，令人难懂。Inbusiness,there’saspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfulorlosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearsperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower“and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,highperformingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideaanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言).Performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfaltalltheamongtheiremployer,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal58.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means___________.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter59.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.60.Wherecouldbethelasttitleforthetext?A.Improvequality?Servebetter.B.Delivervalue?Ploughahead.C.Reducetime?Movefaster.D.Needspeed?Slowdown.【答案】57—60BDCD3.（2011·广东卷）D【上榜理由】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了传统经济发展模式给地球带来了许多危害。这种发展模式破坏了森林、使全球气候变暖。现在低碳、可持续的经济发展模式成为许多国家的发展主流方向。中国政府正在充分发挥潜能大力开发新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市场。文章涉及国家的发展大政策、方针，学生知之甚少。Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources(资源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeepthehealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapopulartrendinmanycountries.Accordingtoarecentstudy,theglobalmarketforlow-carbonenergywillbecomethreetimesbiggeroverthenextdecade.China,forexample,hassetitsmindonleadingthatmarket,hopingtoseizechancesinthenewroundoftheglobalenergyresolution.Itisnowtryinghardtomadefulluseofwindandsolarenergy,andisspendingahugeamountofmoneymakingelectriccarsandhigh-speedtrains.Inaddition,wearealsoseeinggreatgrowthintheglobalmarketsforsustainableproductssuchaspalmoil(棕榈油),whichisproducedwithoutcuttingdownvaluablerainforest.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownmorethan50%.Governmentscanfullydevelopthepotentialofthesenewmarkets.First,theycansethightargetsforreducingcarbonemissions(排放)andtargetsforsavingandreusingenergy.Besides,strongerarrangementofpublicresourceslikeforestscanalsohelptospeedupthedevelopment.Finally,governmentscanavoidthehugepublicexpensesthataretakingusinthewrongdirection,andredirectingsomeofthoseexpensescanacceleratethechangefromthetraditionalmodeltoasustainableone.Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofagrowingpopulationwithinthelimitsofthissingleplanet.Thatisnosmalltask,butitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.41.ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat____.A.itmakestheworldwarmerB.itconsumesnaturalresourcesC.itbringsseveredamagetofutureD.itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue42.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.ChinalackswindandsolarenergyB.Chinaistheleaderofthelow-carbonmarketC.High-speedtrainsarealow-carbondevelopmentD.Palmoilismadeatthecostofvaluableforests43.Tofullydevelopthelow-carbonmarketsgovernmentscan______.A.cutpublicexpensesB.forbidcarbonemissionC.developpublicresourcesD.encourageenergyconservation44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatbusinesshavemanychancesto_______.A.developsustainableproductsB.explorenewnaturalresourcesC.makefulluseofnaturalresourcesD.dealwiththemajorchallenge45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroduceanewbusinessmodelB.TocomparetwobusinessmodelsC.TopredictachangeoftheglobalmarketsD.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment【答案】41.B42.C43.D44.A45.D4.（2011·浙江卷）D【上榜理由】文章虽说是一篇记叙文，但文章时间、思绪跨度较大再加上文章字数（625个）较多而费解。ItwasSaturday.Asalways,itwasabusyone,for“Sixdaysshallyoulaborandallyourwork”wastakenseriouslybackthen.Outside,FatherandMr.Patricknextdoorwerebusychoppingfirewood.Insidetheirownhouses,MotherandMrs.Patrickwereengagedinspringcleaning.Somehowtheboyshadslippedawaytothebacklotwiththeirkites.Now,evenattheriskofhavingBrothercaughttobeatcarpets,theyhadsenthimtothekitchenformorestring(线).Itseemedtherewasnolimittotheheightstowhichkiteswouldflytoday.Mymotherlookedatthesittingroom,itsfurnituredisorderedforathoroughsweeping.Againshecastalooktowardthewindow.“Comeon,girls!Let’stakestringtotheboysandwatchthemflythekitesaminute.”OnthewaywemetMrs.Patric,laughingguiltilyasifsheweredoingsomethingwrong,togetherwithhergirls.Thereneverwassuchadayforflyingkites!Weplayedallourfreshstringintotheboys’kitesandtheywentuphigherandhigher.Wecouldhardlydistinguishtheorange-coloredspotsofthekites.Nowandthenweslowlypulledonekiteback,watchingitdancingupanddowninthewind,andfinallybringingitdowntoearth,justforthejoyofsendingitupagain.Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtconfusedly.Itwasgrowingdarkbeforeweallwalkedsleepilybacktothehoused.Isupposewehadsomesortofsupper.Isupposetheremusthavebeensurfacetidying-up,forthehouseonSundaylookedcleanandorderlyenough.Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterward.Ifeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.Ilockedthememoryupinthatdeepestpartofmewherewekeep“thethingsthatcannotbeandyettheyare.”Theyearswenton,thenonedayIwashurryingaboutmykitcheninacityapartment,tryingtogetsomeworkoutofthewaywhilemythree-year-oldinsistentlycriedherdesireto“gopark,seeduck.”“Ican’tgo!”Isaid.“Ihavethisandthistodo,andwhenI’mthroughI’llbetootiredtowalkthatfar.”Mymother,whowasvisitingus,lookedupfromthepeasshewasshelling.“It’sawonderfulday,”sheoffered,“reallywarm,yetthere’safinebreeze.Doyourememberthatdayweflewkites?”Istoppedinmydashbetweenstoveandsink.Thelockeddoorflewopenandwithitarushofmemories.“Comeon,”Itoldmylittlegirl.“You’reright,it’stoogoodadaytomiss.”Anotherdecadepassed.Wewereintheaftermath(余波)ofagreatwar.Alleveningwehadbeenaskingourreturnedsoldier,theyoungestPatrickBoy,abouthisexperiencesasaprisonerofwar.Hehadtalkedfreely,butnowforalongtimehehadbeensilent.Whatwashethinkingof---whatdarkandhorriblethings?“Say!”Asmilesippedoutfromhislips.“Doyouremember---no,ofcourseyouwouldn’t.Itprobablydidn’tmaketheimpressiononyouasitdidonme.”Ihardlydaredspeak.“Rememberwhat?”“IusedtothinkofthatdayalotinPOWcamp(战俘营),whenthingsweren’ttoogood.Doyourememberthedayweflewthekites?”56.Mrs.Patrickwaslaughingguiltilybecauseshethought________.A.shewastoooldtoflykites B.herhusbandwouldmakefunofherC.sheshouldhavebeendoingherhow D.supposedtothedon’tgame57.By“wewereallbesideourselveswritermeansthattheyall________.A.feltconfused B.wentwildwithjoy C.lookedon D.forgottheirfights58.Whatdidthethinkafterthekite-flying?A.Theboysmusthavehadmorefunthanthegirls.B.Theyshouldhavefinishedtheirworkbeforeplaying.C.Herparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththem.D.Alltheothersmusthaveforgottenthatday.59.Whydidthewriterfinallyagreetotakeherlittlegirlforanouting?A.Shesuddenlyrememberedherdutyasamother.B.Shewasremindedofthedaytheyflewkites.C.Shehadfinishedherworkinthekitchen.D.Shethoughtitwasagreatdaytoplayoutside.60.TheyoungestPatrickboyismentionedtoshowthat______.A.thewriterwasnotaloneintreasuringherfondmemoriesB.hisexperienceinPOWcampthrewashadowoverhislifeC.childhoodfriendshipmeanssomuchtothewriterD.peoplelikehimreallychangedalotafterthewar【解析】56.答案C。细节分析题。找到文中出现laughingguilty的上下文，原本大人们都在热火朝天地springclean，MrsPatrick，“Comeon,girls!Let’stakestingtotheboysandwatchthemflythekitesaminute.”OnthewaywemetMrs.Patrick,Iaughingguiltilyasifsheweredoingsomethingwrong,togetherwithhergirls.大人和小孩一起放风筝，把家务放在一边，所以感到很罪过。57.答案B。解答此题联系后文，parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies,可以看出大人小孩放风筝的时候都很high,几近疯狂。58.答案D。如果只看完第六段就做此题的话，很容易误选D，因为此段中大人小孩玩得很疯，很多学生很容易先入为主，想当然地表达“父母应该多陪孩子”的思想。但是我们看第七段，“Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterwardIfeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.”作者认为，只有他一个人还记得当初那个放风筝的美好时刻，而其他人都忘记了，所以选D。59.答案B。原本这位母亲用各种借口来推脱孩子想去外面玩的要求，但是当母亲的母亲回忆起当日那个放风筝的日子时，往日美好的场景开始充斥这位母亲的思绪，所以她欣然答应外出。60.答案A。第七段作者觉得只有自己还封存着那个美好的饿回忆，自己是孤单的，但是这个从战场回来的男孩，却也是靠着那个美好的回忆在战俘营中生存了下来，所以A，作者不是一个人在珍惜那段记忆。5.（2011·江苏卷）C【上榜理由】这是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的发电装置。学生单凭对文章的文字理解较难把握文意。AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigwattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机).Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton,2.3-megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture),atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecable(缆索)；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstability(稳定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’stodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(变速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.63.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_______.A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB.thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface64.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonaflattingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting____________.A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartopC.atsealevelD.behindtheblades65.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________.A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea63.B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，该工程采用了全新的技术，是为了确保漂浮在深海水域中的圆材的稳定。64.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，为了使较大的涡轮发电机能在圆材上保持平衡，公司计划设计新的发电机，其变速箱在海平面上。65.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，深海风能技术的广泛应用可能会在海洋上开发出可使用的低碳能源。6.（2011·湖北卷）C【上榜理由】C篇讲得是关于处理、回收垃圾，这个话题无疑是现今最热点的问题之一。是偏难的议论文。Intoday’sthrow-awaysociety,dealingwiththecity’sgrowingmountainofwasteisanincreasingchallengeforthecitycouncil（市议会）.Recently,Edinburghisfacedwiththeproblemofdisposingof（处理）about250,000milliontonsofwasteayear.Despitedifferentwaystodisposeofmuchofitinagreenmanner—largelythroughencouragingrecycling—itsagingfacilitiessuchasthePowderhalllandfilldonothavetheabilitytodealwithit.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedanewpolicy,regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof.Thefivecouncils(Edinburgh,EastLothian,WestLothian,MidlothianandBorders)facefinesaround￡18millionayearfrom2013iftheydon’tincreaserecyclinglevelsandrelylessonlandfill.Withthisinmind,thecouncilsgottogetherwiththeideaofbuildingalargeincineratorplant（垃圾焚烧厂）toburnhalfofthewasteproducedintheirdistricts.ButthisplanfellapartafterthechangeoftargetlevelsbyanewUKgovernmentwastepolicywhichrequiredthatnomorethan25%ofthecity’swasteshouldbedisposedofinthiswayby2025.Aftertheplanwasabandoned,aprivatecompanywhichalreadytransportedmillionsoftonsofthecity’swastebytraintoalandfillsitenearDunbar,offeredanalternativesolutionwhenitsuggestedopeningahugewastesitenearPortobello.SincePowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015,itseemednecessaryforthemembersoftheEdinburghCounciltoacceptthesuggestion.Butsoontheyturneditdown—after700localobjectionsreachedthem—becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas.Thatstillleavesthecouncilwithaproblem.By2013,only50%of1995levelsofwastewillbeallowedtobesenttolandfill.Evenifrecyclingtargetsaremet,therewillstillbealargeamountofrubbishtobeburntup.Duetothis,EdinburghandMidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplantastimetofindasolutionisfastrunningout.59.ThemainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinEdinburghis________. A.recycling B.restoring C.burying D.burning60.Thefivecouncilsworkedoutaplantobuildanincineratorplantto________. A.reducethecostofburyingwaste B.meettheEUrequirements C.speedupwasterecycling D.replacelandfillsites61.ThecitycouncilofEdinburghrejectedthesuggestiontoopenahugelandfillsitenearPortobellobecause________. A.itcamefromaprivatecompany B.thecouncilwasnotinterestedinit C.itwasnotsupportedbyEU D.thelocalpeoplewereagainstit62.WhatisthefinaldecisionofEdinburghandMidlothianCouncils? A.Toopenanewlandfillnearby. B.ToclosethePowderhalllandfillin2015. C.Tosetupaplanforburningwaste. D.Topersuadepeopletodeducetheirwaste.【答案】C篇： 59.A 60.B 61.D 62.C7.（2011·湖南卷）C【上榜理由】这是一篇科普说明文，文章较长令人费解。ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)speciesThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvarduniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants—theAsianelephant,AfricanforestelephantandAfricansavannaelephantOncetheyobtainedDNAsequences(序列)fromtwofossils(化石)，mammothsandmastodonstheteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantsandtheAfricanforestelephantshavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespeciesbutthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespeciesdespitetheelephants’significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2.5metres.Thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons,roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.However,theprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA.AlfredRoca,assistantprofessorinthedepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityofMinois,said,“Wenowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifferentunitsforconservationpurpose.Since1950allAfricanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies.Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctanimals,theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority(优先)forconservationpurpose.”66.Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof________.A.theAsianelephantB.theforestelephantC.thesavannaelephantD.themastodonelephant67.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inparagraph4means“________”A.evolutionB.exhibitionC.separationD.examination68.Theresearcher’sconclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant’s____________A.DNAB.heightC.weightD.population69.WhatwereAlfredRoca’swordsmainlyabout?A.TheconversationofAfricanelephants.B.ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephantsC.ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounitsD.ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Naturalist’sBeliefaboutElephants.B.AmazingExperimentaboutElephantsC.AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD.ALongscientificDebateaboutElephants66.fossils定位，找到第三段第一句，有两种fossils，mam和mas，选项D67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence与distinct同义替换，对应选项C68.conclusion,basedon定位，找到倒数第二段最后一句layin与basedon同义替换，答案：A69.AR定位，找到倒数第一段，从AR的话中，第一句forconservationpurpose,最后一句forconservationpurpose确定A70.文章首句点明全文主旨，答案：C8.（2011·天津卷）D【上榜理由】文章讲得是模仿与创新的关系，较难。Blindimitation(模仿)isself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth.Imitationappearsattractive:tothosewhoknowtheirstrength.Imitationisunacceptable.Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes(菜谱)andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse’swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild’sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意识地)holdpoorrolemodels.If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsuddendesiretocreatesomethingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration,notdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.Studyyourrolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserver.Thenyoucansay,“Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors”tragediesanddeclarevictory,andknowthattheyarecheeringon.51.Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou.A.knowyouareuniqueB.losethebalanceoflifeC.begintolearnsomethingnewD.gettiredofroutinepractice52.Toavoidthebadresultofimitation,weshould________.A.forgetdailyfearandpainB.choosetherightexampleC.askothersfordecisionsD.stayawayfromstars53.Accordingtotheauthor,theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare.A.desperatetoinfluenceotherswiththeirknowledgeB.readytoturntheiroriginalideasintorealityC.eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdidD.willingtoacceptothers’ideas54.Thetroubleacreatorfacesis.A.thelackofstrongmotivationB.theabsenceofpracticalideasC.howtosearchformorematerialsD.howtouseimaginationcreatively55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcreatively.B.Tocriticizethecharactersofrolemodels.C.Tocompareimitationwithcreation.D.Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.【答案】51----55CBBDA9.（2011·福建卷）ETheinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That,atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipswithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold（双重的）.First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest（投入）inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributionwhat’sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline（减弱）untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”.Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn’tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.72.Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A.Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B.Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C.Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D.Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.73.Theunderlinedword“engagement”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.appointmentB.connectionC.interviewD.agreement74.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorholdstheviewthat.A.theinternetfailstoplaysovaluablearoleincommunicationasitpromisedB.theInternetdeterminesthequalityofsocialrelationshipsC.theinternetgreatlyincreasesthesizeofsocialcirclesD.theinternetcommunicationisnolesseffectivethantheface-to-facetalk75.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.HeishopefulofitC.HeapprovesofitD.Hedoubtsit【答案】DBAD10.（2011·江西卷）D【上榜理由】本文是一篇关于开发太空的议论文，难度较大。Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineral