2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1PeopleofAchievement话题一成功人士课时作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGEUnit1PeopleofAchievementeq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(单元话题练))话题一胜利人士话题一胜利人士Ⅰ.阅读AFredericFrancoisChopin,awell­knowncomposerandpianist,wasborninPolandonFebruary22,1810,toaFrenchfatherandPolishmother.AlthoughChopinlaterattendedtheLyceumwherehisfathertaught,hisearlytrainingbeganathomefromhismother.Bysix,Chopincreatedoriginalpieces,showinginnatewonderfulmusicalability.Atsixteen,heattendedtheWarsawConservatoryofMusic,directedbycomposerJosephEisner,whoinsistedonthetraditionaltrainingassociatedwithclassicalmusicbutallowedhisstudentstoinvestigatethemoreoriginalimaginationsoftheRomanticstyleaswell.Later,ChopinwassenttoVienna,theunquestionedcenterofmusicofthatday.Hegavepianoconcertsandthenhadhispiecespublished.WhileChopinwasinAustria,PolandandRussiafacedoffintheapparentbeginningsofwar.HereturnedtoWarsawtogethisthingsinpreparationofapermanentmove.Whilethere,hewasgivenasilvergoblet(高脚酒杯)filledwithPolishsoil.Hekeptitalways,ashewasneverabletoreturntohisbelovedPoland.Frenchbyheritage,anddesirousoffindingmusicalacceptance,Chopinventured(冒险)toParis.Interestingly,otheryoungmusicianshadgatheredinthecityoffashionwiththeverysamehope.ChopinjoinedFranzLiszt,etc,allproponents(拥护者)ofthe“new”Romanticstyle.NewsofthewarinPolandinspiredChopintowritemanysadmusicalpiecesexpressinghisgrieffor“his”Poland.Hitbypoorhealthaswellashishomesickness,Chopinfoundcomfortinsummervisitstothecountry.Here,hismostcomplexyetharmoniccreationsfoundtheirwaytothebrilliantcomposer'shand.AsthewarcontinuedinWarsawandthenreachedParis,ChopinretiredtoScotlandandsankintoadeeperdepression.AwindowinthefightingmadeitpossibleforChopintoreturntoParisashishealthworsened.Surroundedbythoseheloved,Chopindiedattheageof39.HewasburiedinParis.Chopin'slastrequestwasthatthePolishsoilinthesilvergobletbesprinkledoverhisgrave.1.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A．InViennaChopinmadehimselfwell­known.B．Chopinusedhismusictofightagainstthewar.C．ChopinreturnedtoWarsawtoescapefromthewar.D．Chopinwasforcedtoleavehisbelovedmotherland.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforChopin'sgoingtoParis?A．HisfatherwasFrench.B．FewerpeoplewerefondofmusicinParis.C．Hewantedtopopularizehismusicthere.D．TherewasnowarinParis.3．WhatwasChopin'sreactiontothewar?A．Hecalledforpeopletofightagainstit.B．Hefelldeepinadepression.C．HereturnedtoParistojoininthewar.D．Hewaskilledinthebattleat39.4．HowdidhisfamilyaffectChopin'searlyeducation?A．Heattendedtheschoolwherehisfathertaught.B．Hereceivedhisearlytrainingathomefromhismother.C．Hewasinspiredtocreateoriginalpiecesby6.D．Hewasfoundandencouragedbyhisparentstoshowinnatewonderfulmusicalability.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,sovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonWorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway：“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”5．Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann'sfatherbelievedthat________.A．amathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．amathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed6．VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof________.A．25B．26C．29D．327．HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B．Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C．Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D．Helostinterestinchemistry.8．Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferJohnvonNeumannwas________.A．calmB．braveC．intelligentD．humorousCLikemanychildren,youngLotteReinigerwascrazyaboutmovies,whichatthetimewereacompletelynewinvention.Shetaughtherselfhowtocutpapersilhouettes(剪影)ofpeople,animals,andobjects.“IcouldcutsilhouettesalmostassoonasIcouldmanagetoholdapairofscissors，”Reinigersaid.“Icouldpaint,too,andread...Buteverybodywassurprisedatthescissorcuts.”Atfirst,Reinigerwantedtobeanactress,butherskillatmakingsilhouettesdrewtheattentionoftheGermanfilmindustry.Before1927,filmsweresilent.Tohelptheaudienceunderstandthefilm,titlecardswithprintedtextappearedduringthefilmbetweenscenes.Reinigerhelpedcreatetitlecardsforfilms,usinghersilhouettes.In1918,shewasaskedtoprovidestop­motionanimation(定格动画),inwhichobjectsarephotographedinaseriesofslightlydifferentpositionsandthenthosephotosarereplayedathighspeedsothattheobjectsappeartomoveontheirown.ItwasforwoodenratsinthemovieThePiedPiperofHamelin.Itwasabreakthroughthatledtoherownfilms,firstshortfilmsandthen,in1926,TheAdventuresofPrinceAchmed,thefirstfull­lengthanimatedfilm.AlthoughReinigeroncedescribedherselfas“aprimitive(原始的)cavemanartist”，herworkisnotsimple.Shecarefullycutbitsofcard,paper,andwire,creatingwonderfulshapes,andthenmadethemmoveanddancebyhands.Theblackshapeswerethenplacedoncolorfulbackgrounds.Shemademorethan60films,around40ofwhichstillsurvive,allcutbyherownhands.Mostwerebasedontimelessfairytales,likeCinderellaandSleepingBeauty.Reinigerwastrulyapioneerbothinanimationandforwomeninfilm­making.Thoughherlastfilmcameoutin1980,herstyleisstillinfluentialandcanoftenbeseenintoday'sfilms.9．WhatdoweknowaboutReiniger'scuts?A．Papersilhouetteswereherfavorite.B．Paintingandreadinghelpedhercuts.C．Shehadagiftforcuttingsilhouettes.D．Moviesexcitedherinterestinsilhouettes.10．WhatdidReinigerdotohelptheaudienceunderstandthesilentfilms?A．Shereplayedthefilmbetweenscenes.B．Shecutsilhouettesfortitlecardsinfilms.C．Shebrokeuplongfilmsintoshorterones.D．Shemadephotosoftheobjectsinthefilm.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph2referto?A．Creatingtitlecardsforfilms.B．Makingwoodenratsforafilm.C．ProducingTheAdventuresofPrinceAchmed.D．Bringingstop­motionanimationintoafilm.12．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeReiniger?A．Giftedandgenerous.B．Creativeandproductive.C．Honestandself­confident.D．Traditionalandhard­working.Ⅱ.七选五WilmaRudolphwasbornintoaverypoorfamilyintheBackwoodsofTennessee.Atfouraseverediseaseleftherwithauselessleftleg.Shehadtowearanironlegbrace.__1__Hermothertoldherthatdespitethelegbrace,shecoulddowhatevershewantedtodo.Soatnine,Wilmaremovedthelegbraceandtookthestepthedoctorstoldhershewouldnevertakenormally.Thenthisgirlwishedthatshewouldliketobetheworld'sgreatestwomanrunner.At13,sheenteredarace.Shecameinlast.__2__Everyonebeggedhertoquit!However,oneday,shecameinnexttolast.Andthentherecameadaywhenshewonarace.__3__WilmawenttoTennesseeStateUniversity,whereshemetacoachnamedEdTemple.Finallycamethe400­meterrelay.__5__ThefirsttworunnersonWilma'steammadeperfecthandoffswiththebaton(棒).ButwhenthethirdrunnerhandedthebatontoWilma,shewassoexcitedthatshedroppedit,andWilmasawJuttatakingoffdownthetrack.Itwasimpossiblethatanybodycouldcatchthisgirl.ButWilmadidjustthat!A．NobodyhadeverbeatenJutta.B．Thelittlegirlhadgreatnaturaltalent.C．ItwouldbeWilmaagainstJuttaonceagain.D．Nobodybelievedshecouldsucceedwithaleglikethat.E．Yetshewasfortunateinhavingamotherwhoencouragedher.F．Fromthenon,WilmaRudolphwoneveryracethatsheentered.G．Sheenteredeveryraceinhighschool,andineveryraceshecameinlast.Ⅲ.完形填空Turning50ischallengingenough.But__1__ajobat50intheworldofadvertising,well,thatwasreally__2__Forme,itwasn'tjustajob.Itwastheendingofa25­yearcareer.__3__Ifoundapart­timejobofcreatingadvertisementsforsomeofthebiggestcompaniesinAmerica.Inthefirm,Ihadteamsofpeopletoworkwith.Inmynewlife,itwasjustMe,MyselfandI.Andallthreeofuswere__4__bythetimeandthe__5__thatitwastoolatetostartover.AgainandagainI'm__6__oftheimportanceoflearning,experiencingandgrowing.Iwastiredbuthappy.OnedayIcamehomefromawalktofindalotofreddragonflies,__7__nearourhouse.Tomy__8__，theystayedforfourhoursthefirstday.Andcamebackthreemoredays.Butwhy?I__9__foranswers.Dragonfliesareborninthewaterand__10__mostoftheirlivescrawlingaroundthebottomofapondinalarvae­like(幼虫状)stateuptofouryears.Then,oneday,thedragonflycrawlsupontoaleaforstem,andoutintothe__11__.Andthat'swhenherwingsmagicallyopen.Suddenly,Igotit.I'madragonfly.AndI'mflying__12__inlife,too.AndallthatsadnessandworriesI'vebeen__13__hasactuallybeengrowingmywings.Inowhavethehonourofspeakingtoallwomen,sharingmy__14__art,myheartandthe__15__that“it'snevertoolatetofly”．1.A．gettingB．losingC．findingD．leading2．A.dangerousB．contentC．curiousD．active3.A．UsuallyB．LuckilyC．HumorouslyD．Slightly4.A．forcedB．forgottenC．surroundedD．impressed5.A．delightB．emotionC．fearD．hesitation6.A．consultedB．remindedC．informedD．admitted7．A.flyingB．livingC．sleepingD．working8.A．satisfactionB．sorrowC．amazementD．fright9．A.askedB．surfedC．appliedD．stood10.A．spendB．stopC．wasteD．pass11．A.groundB．spaceC．basementD．sunlight12.A．laterB．earlyC．fastD．slowly13．A.goingoverB．goingbyC．goingthroughD．goingfor14．A.creativeB．boringC．nationalD．brave15．A.storyB．messageC．secretD．trickⅣ.语法填空A90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1.________(be)Britain'soldestfull­timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2.________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3.________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene4.________(declare)shehadnoplans5.________(retire)fromher36­year­oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6.________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7.________becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8.________(say)shewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwas9.________joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's10.________(wonder)．”话题一胜利人士Ⅰ.阅读A【语篇解读】本文讲解并描述了世界杰出的钢琴大师肖邦不平凡的人生。1．答案与解析：A细微环节理解题。由第三段的Hegavepianoconcertsandthenhadhispiecespublished.可知肖邦在维也纳起先成名。2．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。由第四段的Frenchbyheritage，anddesirousoffindingmusicalacceptance,ChopinventuredtoParis.可知，肖邦去巴黎并不是因为巴黎没有斗争。3．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。由第五段的NewsofthewarinPolandinspiredChopintowritemanysadmusicalpiecesexpressinghisgrieffor“his”Poland.可知，肖邦得知祖国处于战火之中深感哀思。4．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。由第一段的hisearlytrainingbeganathomefromhismother可知选B。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍数学家JohnvonNeumann(约翰·冯·诺依曼)的生平事迹。5．答案与解析：A细微环节理解题。由第一段其次句中的At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician可知他父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫，故A项正确。6．答案与解析：C推理推断题。由第一段第三句In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.和其次段其次句Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.可知他29岁时出版自己的第一本书。故C项正确。7．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。由第三段前三句可知，二战使约翰·冯·诺依曼把数学理论应用到实践中，故B项正确。8．答案与解析：D推理推断题。由文章最终一段第四句冯·诺依曼在描述自己开车撞到树上的经验中，将静止的树木描述为“Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”可知他特别幽默，故D项正确。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女导演LotteReiniger的故事。9．答案与解析：C考查推理推断。依据文章第一段的叙述可知，Reiniger几乎是从能握住剪刀起先就会剪影，从而可以推断出Reiniger具有剪影的天赋。故选C。10．答案与解析：B考查细微环节理解。依据文章其次段中的“Reinigerhelpedcreatetitlecardsforfilms,usinghersilhouettes.”可知，Reiniger为电影中的字幕卡剪影来帮助观众理解无声电影。故选B。11．答案与解析：D考查代词指代。依据画线词所在段落中的“In1918，shewasaskedtoprovidestop­motionanimation(定格动画),inwhich...ThePiedPiperofHamelin.”可知，It代指Reiniger把定格动画引进电影。故选D。12．答案与解析：B考查推理推断。依据文章其次段中的“Reinigerhelpedcreatetitlecardsforfilms,usinghersilhouettes.”和倒数其次段中的“Shemademorethan60films,around40ofwhichstillsurvive,allcutbyherownhands.”可推断出，Reiniger是一位具有创建力和多产的导演。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】威尔玛·鲁道夫在小时候曾经得过重病，左腿失去功能。但她最终战胜了疾病，成为奥运会历史上最宏大的女子短跑运动员之一。1．答案与解析：E依据空格后句可知，她的妈妈激励她。故E项符合语境。2．答案与解析：G依据下文的“大家都让她放弃”可知，她一起先跑得不好。G项“她参与了中学的每一场竞赛，每次都是最终一名”符合语境。3．答案与解析：F上文提到“后来有一天她赢得了竞赛”。F项“从那时起，威尔玛·鲁道夫每次都赢得竞赛”可承接上文。4．答案与解析：A依据下文的“但是在100米短跑中威尔玛·鲁道夫赢了”可知，所填的句子和下文是转折关系，A项“没有人能战胜尤塔”符合语境。5．答案与解析：C依据下文可知，在400米接力赛中，威尔玛和尤塔仍旧是对手。C项“又是威尔玛和尤塔在此角逐”可引出下文内容。Ⅲ.完形填空【语篇解读】本文是争论文。作者在50岁的时候失去工作，但是并没有为此气馁，而且找到了一份新的工作。一次偶然的机会，她看到了展翅翱翔的蜻蜓并了解了蜻蜓的进化之后感受很多。1．答案与解析：B依据本段最终一句话中的“foundapart­timejob”可推知，作者失去了工作。2．答案与解析：A依据本段第一句话中的“challengingen