2024-2025学年新教材高中英语单元素养评价Unit6Spaceandbeyond含解析外研版选择性必修4

PAGE单元素养评价(六)Unit6(120分钟150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Text1W:Professor,couldIhandinmypaperafewdayslate?M:①I’mafraidthatthat’soutofthequestion.1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thequestionisnotveryclear.B.Thewomanislateforclassagain.C.Thepapermustbehandedinontime.答案:CText2M:Hurryup,Jenny.②It’salready7.Wewillbelateforthefilm.W:Don’tworry,dear.②Westillhavetwentyminutes.Andittakesusonlyfifteenminutestogetthere.Wewillbetherejustintime.2.Atwhattimewillthefilmbegin?A.7:20.B.7:15.C.7:00.答案:AText3M:③WhatdoyouthinkabouttravelingbyferrytoFrance?W:Thekidswouldloveit,butIgetseasick.Thetrainisquickerandgoesalltheway.That’sthebestwaytoseethecountryside.3.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.WhethertogotoFrance.B.HowtogotoFrance.C.WhattodoinFrance.答案:BText4M:Iwon’thaveanythingtoweartoworkonMondayunlessIpickupmyclothesatthedrycleaners’.W:④Thenyou’dbetterhurry.ItclosesatnoononSundays.M:Oh!IshouldhavegonethereonSaturday.4.Whatdayisitwhentheconversationtakesplace?A.Monday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.答案:CText5M:Ineedsomehelpgettingreadyforajobinterviewtomorrow.W:Doyouneedtipsonhowtoperformwellintheinterview?M:I’vealreadygotsometipsonthatfromMike,⑤butI’mstillnotsurewhattoweartoit.5.Whatkindofadvicedoesthemanwant?A.Howtoimpresshisnewcolleagues.B.Howtoperformwellinajobinterview.C.Whatclothestoweartoajobinterview.答案:C其次节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。Text6W:Hello,Rick.⑥I’vecometosaygoodbyetoyou.M:AreyougoingbacktoyourcountryCanada?W:No.I’lltravelinEuropewithmyparentsasthistermisover.⑦IwanttogotoFrance.ButmyparentspreferGermany.We’lltravelfortwomonths.M:Wow,thewholesummervacation!Wishyouanenjoyableholiday.6.WhydoesthewomancometoseeRick?A.Tosaygoodbye.B.Toaskforadvice.C.Toinvitehimtoherhome.答案:A7.Whichcountrywouldthewomanliketovisit?A.Canada. B.France. C.Germany.答案:B听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。Text7W:⑧Ireadareportonthepeoplewhocanuseaforeignlanguage,mainlyEnglish.M:Really?What’sitabout?W:⑧It’smainlyaboutthedifferentattitudespeoplehavetowardstheforeignlanguagelearning.About27%ofthepeoplethinkaforeignlanguageisamustintheirdailylife.M:Ican’tagreemore.Therearemoreandmorepeoplelearningforeignlanguages.W:That’strue.About35%ofthepeoplearelearningorwillingtolearnaforeignlanguage.M:AsfarasI’mconcerned,manypeople,⑨especiallystudents,areforcedtodosobecauseofexams.W:⑨Yes.Thataccountsfor21%.Therearealsoabout15%ofthepeoplewhotakeforeignlanguagestobeuselessandtheytakenointerestinthematall.8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ThepopularityofEnglish.B.Thestudypressureonstudents.C.Attitudestowardslearningforeignlanguages.答案:C9.Whatpercentageofstudentsareforcedtolearnaforeignlanguage?A.About21%. B.About27%. C.About35%.答案:A听第8段材料,回答第10～12题。Text8M:Hi,verygladtomeetyouhere.W:Hi,havewemetbefore?MQUOTEAren’tyouthewomanwhogavethecomputerlectureatthecitylibrarylastwinter?WQUOTEYes,it’sme.Youlookfamiliar.Wereyouthereinmyclassthen?M:Yes,sure.I’msogladItookyourlecture.AndI’vebenefitedquitealotfromit.W:Thanks.It’salsorewardingformetodosomethingmeaningfulinmysparetime.M:Oh,IthoughtyouwereanITengineerorsomethinglikeanexpertinthisprofession.W:Notexactly,butIknowabitaboutcomputer.M:IthoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibleformetolearnhowtouseacomputeratmyageQUOTEbutnowI’mexchanginge-mailswithmygrandchildren.TheysayIamlearningfastandwell.It’sthehappiestthingaftermyretirement.W:That’sgreatQUOTEGivingalectureafterworkisagoodexperienceforme,becausethatisachangeofpacefrommydaytimejobasasalesrepresentative.M:That’sright.10.Whatdidthewomandolastwinter?A.Shetaughtaclass. B.Shechangedajob.C.Shetookalecture.答案:A11.Whyisthemanhappy?A.Hecangivelecturesafterretirement.B.Hehasretiredandbeginstolearncomputer.C.Hecancommunicatewithhisgrandchildrenonline.答案:C12.Whatisthewoman’sregularjob?A.Alibrarian. B.Asalesperson.C.Alecturer.答案:B听第9段材料,回答第13～16题。Text9M:QUOTEWhatdoyouwanttomakefordinner?WQUOTEIthinkIwillmakesomesteaksfordinner.M:Thenwehavetobuysomesteaks.Don’tyouthinkit’salittlebitexpensive?W:Itisalittleexpensivebutit’scheaperthanhavingsteaksinarestaurant.M:Whatagoodwife!W:DoyouwanttobuysomebeerforMrChen?M:Yes,ofcourse!Wealllikebeer,butIthinkthistimewe’dbetterhavesometablewine,don’tyou?W:Yes,youarerightQUOTEWedoneedtablewineforthesteaks.MQUOTEIthinkIwouldprefertheCaliforniaRose.W:That’sgoodforsteaks.Whatelsedoyouwanttobuy?M:Acartonofcigarettes.W:Oh,myGod!Whydoyouwanttosmokesomuch?M:No,it’snotformeQUOTEIt’sforMrChenandhisfriendstonight.W:Thatmakesmefeelbetterbutanywaycigarettesareterribleforhealth.M:Iknow.I’mquittingthem.WQUOTEDon’tyouthinkweshouldbuysomevegetablesandicecreamfordessert?MQUOTEThat’sgood.Let’sgonow.W:OK.13.Wherewillthemanandwomanservetheirfriends?A.Intherestaurant. B.Atapub.C.Athome.答案:C14.Whatis“CaliforniaRose”inthedialogue?A.Akindofcigarette.B.Akindofwine.C.Akindofflower.答案:B15.Whoarethecigarettesfor?A.Themanhimself.B.MrChenandhisfriends.C.Theman’swife.答案:B16.Wherearethespeakersgoingaftertheconversation?A.Astore. B.Adinnerparty.C.Arestaurant.答案:A听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。Text10M:ThissummerItookpartinareallyinterestingprojectQUOTEIt’scalledOne-DayClean-upanditsaimistocleartheworld’snaturalenvironmentsofrubbish.Iheardaboutitsworkfrommyneighborswhousedtotakepart.Ithoughtitwouldbefunandpersuadedacoupleofmycousinstocomealongwithme.Butitwouldn’tmatterifyoutookpartonyourown.You’dsoonmakefriendswithotherpeoplethereQUOTEMostofthepeopletherewereteenagers.Wewereaveryinternationalgroupinmyteam.OverhalfofthepeopletherewerefromAustralia,likeme,buttherewerealsopeoplefromChina,ThailandandtheUSA.Mostteamswereworkingonthesouthcoast,butminewasworkingontheeast.WehadtopickupalltherubbishwecouldfindontheseasideQUOTEIthasmademerealizehowimportantitisforeveryonetobeawareoftheenvironment.I’mdeterminednowtogetmyfamilytorecycleasmuchaspossible.It’llbeworthitifwecanmakeourseassaferforallthosebeautifulseaanimalsQUOTESo,ifyou’dliketojoinmenextyear,it’llbeonJanuary11th.Thefocusonthatdaywillbeongettingrubbishoutofrivers.17.Whatistheprojectcalled?A.Rubbish-PickingProject.B.One-DayClean-up.C.Environmentally-FriendlyTeams.答案:B18.Whatkindofpeoplemostlytookpartintheproject?A.Adults. B.Theelderly.C.Teenagers.答案:C19.Whatdidtheauthorrealize?A.Theimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.B.Theresponsibilitytheyaresupposedtoshoulder.C.Thenecessityofpickingupalltherubbish.答案:A20.Whenwilltheprojectbenextyear?A.OnJanuary1st. B.OnJanuary11th.C.OnJanuary21st.答案:B其次部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALifeinthefuturewillbedifferentfromlifetoday.Betweenthenandnowmanychangeswillhappen.Butwhatwillthechangesbe?Thepopulationisgrowingfast.Therewillbemanypeopleintheworldandmostofthemwilllivelongerthanpeoplelivenow.Computerswillbemuchsmallerandmoreuseful,andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryhome.Andcomputerstudieswillbeoneoftheimportantsubjectsinschoolsthen.Peoplewillworkfewerhoursthantheydonowandtheywillhavemorefreetimeforsports,watchingTVandtraveling.Travelingwillbemuchcheaperandeasier.Andmanymorepeoplewillgotoothercountriesforholidays.Therewillbechangesinourfood,too.Morelandwillbeusedforbuildingnewtownsandhousesforallthepeople.Thentherewillbelessroomforcowsandsheep,someatwillbemoreexpensive.Maybenoonewilleatiteveryday.Instead,theywilleatmorefruitsandvegetables.Maybepeoplewillbehealthier.Workinthefuturewillbedifferent,too.Robotswilldodangerousandhardwork.Becauseofthis,manypeoplewillnothaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeaproblem.【文章大意】这篇短文主要向人们描述了将来的生活,其中具体地介绍了将来生活与现在生活的不同之处,以及所面临的问题。21.Everyfamilywillhaveatleasta______inthefuture.

A.robotB.cowC.TVsetD.computer【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第三段中andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryhome.描述,可知每家至少有一台电脑。故选D。22.Inthefuturepeopledon’thaveto______.

A.worklonghours B.workfastC.walkonfoot D.eatmeat【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第三段中Peoplewillworkfewerhoursthantheydonow描述,可知在将来人们工作的时间会更少。故选A。23.Onebigprobleminthefutureisthat______.

A.manypeopledon’thavetoworkB.manypeoplewillnotbeabletofindworkC.peoplehavetoworkfastD.alltheworkwillbedonebyrobots【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中manypeoplewillnothaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeaproblem.可知在将来的一个问题可能就是人们找不到工作。故选B。BJeffBezos,theworld’swealthiestperson,wasjustfivewhenAmericanastronautssteppedonthesurfaceofthemoononJuly20,1969.However,he’sneverforgottentheblack-and-whitefootagefromthehistoricmoment.Sincethen,themoonhasalwaysbeenthecenterofhisspacedreamswhicharechanneledthroughhisspaceflightcompany,BlueOrigin.OnMay9,2024,atameetingheldinWashington,ThoughdetailsofhowBlueMoonwillbesenttospaceremainunclear,Bezosisconfidentit’llbereadyforitsmission(使命)by2024.Heconsidersitunavoidabletosettleinspacegivenourever-increasingpopulationandfewerresources.Unlikethoseseekingahomeonanotherplanet,Bezosthinkshumanswillbelivinginorbitalspacesettlements,whicharesimilartotheInternationalSpaceStation,exceptmuchbigger,eachhousingmillionsofpeople.Spacetaxiswouldmakeiteasyforhumanstotravelbetweensettlements.ButfirstweneedtodevelopacheaperwaytotravelbetweenspaceandEarth.Bezosmayhavesolvedtheproblempartlybyremovingthebiggestcostofspaceflights—singleuserockets—withBlueOrigin’sreusableNewShepardrocket,whichhasmadeseveraltripstospaceandbacksince2015.Toencouragefuturespacedreamers,thecompany’srecentlybuiltafreeonlineclubthatwillkeepmembersinformedofitsprogressandchallengethemtofindsolutionstohelphumansandsaveearth.Itinvitesstudentsofallagestodraworwritehowtheyimaginehumanslivingandworkinginspaceonaself-addressed,stampedpostcardandsendittothe“ClubfortheFuture”byJuly20,2024.Thefirst10,000postcardswillbesenttospaceaboardtheNewShepardrocketlaterthisyear.WhenitreturnstoEarth,thepostcards,stamped“flowntospace,”willbereturnedtotheirowners.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲解并描述了世界上最富有的人杰夫·贝佐斯以及他送人去太空的幻想,他希望能开发一种便宜的在太空和地球之间旅行的方式并激励将来幻想家帮助人类和挽救地球的故事。24.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A.Animpressivehistoricmoment.B.ThebeginningofBezos’spacedream.C.Theexcitingnewsofsendingmantospace.D.Bezos’secretofbecomingthewealthiestperson.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本题是主旨大意题中的概括段落大意。第一段主要讲了杰夫·贝佐斯自从观看了1969年7月20日美国宇航员登上月球表面的黑白录像起,月球就成为了他太空幻想的中心。这也是他太空幻想的起先。故选B。25.WhatwillbeorbitalspacesettlementslikeinBezos’eyes?A.Overpopulated.B.Solar-powered.C.Energy-hungry.D.Convenientlyaccessible.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。第三段提到贝佐斯认为,人类将生活在轨道空间定居点,这与国际空间站相像,除了空间大,每座都能容纳数百万人。太空计程车将使人类更简单在定居点之间旅行。可知贝佐斯认为生活在轨道空间定居点更便利。故选D。26.Whatmaycontributegreatlytothelowcostoftravellingtospace?A.Spacetaxis.B.Singleuserockets.C.NewShepardrocket.D.Orbitalspacesettlements.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第四段可知。贝佐斯公司已经解决了这个成本问题,运用蓝色起源公司的可重复运用的NewShepardrocket可以消退最大的成本。故选C。27.What’sthepurposeofthefreeonlineclub?A.Tohelphumansandsaveearth.B.Tochallengestudentsofallages.C.Tobuildanewwayofsendingpostcards.D.Toencouragefuturespacedreamers.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第五段“Toencouragefuturespacedreamers,thecompany’srecentlybuiltafreeonlineclubthatwillkeepmembersinformedofitsprogressandchallengethemtofindsolutionstohelphumansandsaveearth.”可知其目的是激励将来的太空幻想家。故选D。【技巧点拨】主旨大意题包括段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(mainidea),常见命题形式有:Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat______.Thepassage/textismainlyabout______.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?等等。解答主旨类题目的关键是找出文章的主题句。主题句的位置有以下几种状况,一.主题句在文首;二.主题句在文中;三.主题句在文末;四.主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。五.无明显主题句,需依据高频词或各段落主题句进行总结概括等。本文中第1小题段落大意属于没有明显主题句,但可以依据center,spacedreams关键词进行总结得出选项B。

CManyofushavereadstoriesorseenfilmsaboutspacecreatures(生物).TheycometotheEarthinspaceshipsthatlooklikeflyingsaucers.Thesespace-creaturesdonotlooklikehumanbeingsatall,buttheyareusuallyveryintelligent(聪慧).Inonefilm,theyweretinylittlemenwithlargeheads.WhentheylandedontheEarth,theyknewexactlywhattodo.TheywentstraighttothePresident’spalaceandmadehimtheirprisoner!Thestoriesaboutspacecreaturesare,ofcourse,nottrue.Space-creaturesexistonlyinstorybooksandfilms,justlikegiantsandfairies.Butmanyscientistsareaskingthisquestion—“Istherelifeonotherplanets?”Therearemillionsofplanetsintheuniverse,andtheEarthisjustoneofthem.Couldtherebelivingthingsonotherplanets?Manypeoplebelievethattheotherplanetsintheuniversearemostsuitableforlivingthings.Arescientistssurethatthereisnolifeonotherplanets?Atthisstagewestillcannotbesure.Alltheplanets,excepttheMoonandMars,aresofarawaythatitwilltakehundredsofyearsforourspaceshipstoreachthem.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。很多科学家都在问这个问题——“其他行星上有生命吗?”本篇文章主要围绕外太空是否存在生命而绽开。28.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ScientificWonders—Space-creaturesB.IsThereLifeonOtherPlanets?C.AreScientistsSure?D.StoriesaboutSpace-creatures【解析】选B。主旨大意题。依据第三段Arescientistssurethatthereisnolifeonotherplanets?可知科学家们确定其他行星上没有生命吗?结合文章主要围绕外太空是否存在生命而绽开。故B选项“其他行星上有生命吗?”符合文章标题。故选B。29.Itisimpossibleforscientiststoknowaboutotherplanetsintheuniversebecause______.

A.alltheplanets,excepttheMoon,aresofarawaythatitwilltakehundredsofyearsforourspaceshipstoreachthemB.alltheplanetsaretoofartoreachC.alltheplanets,excepttheMoonandMars,aresofarawaythatitwilltakehundredsofyearsforourspaceshipstoreachthemD.alltheplanetsareonlytoofartoreach【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段可知在这个阶段,我们仍旧不能确定。全部的行星,除了月球和火星,都特别遥远,我们的宇宙飞船须要几百年才能到达。由此可知,科学家们不行能了解宇宙中的其他行星。故选C。30.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thestoriesaboutspace-creaturesaretrue.B.Space-creaturesareinstories.C.Space-creaturesareinfilms.D.Manyscientistsareaskingifthereislifeonotherplanets.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Thestoriesaboutspacecreaturesare,ofcourse,nottrue.可知关于太空生物的故事当然不是真的。由此可知A选项“关于太空生物的故事是真实的”不正确。故选A。31.Inthepassage“straight”means______.

A.upright(直立的) B.levelC.directly D.honest【解析】选C。词义揣测题。依据第一段倒数其次句可知当他们着陆在地球上时,他们知道该做什么。接着提到它们干脆到总统的府邸把总统变成它们的囚徒,由此推断straight带有“毫不迟疑,坚决果断”的含义,directly意为“干脆地,径直地”,与straight最为接近。故选C。【技巧点拨】标题确定题属于深层理解题,它要求考生在通读全文的基础上,仔细分析主子公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上,还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。概括性原则:要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止舍本逐末,主次不分,以点代面,以偏概全。针对性原则:针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小,要量体裁衣,大小适度。醒目性原则:标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上确定文章的阅读取舍,故标题往往比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,目的是吸引读者的留意力,唤起读者对文章阅读的爱好。如第28小题,依据第三段Arescientistssurethatthereisnolifeonotherplanets?可知科学家们确定其他行星上没有生命吗?结合文章主要围绕外太空是否存在生命而绽开。故B选项“其他行星上有生命吗?”符合文章标题。故选B。DSpaceisthefinalfrontier(前沿).Sendingrocketsintospacehasbecomealmostcommon.Thedemandforcommunicationssatellitesandspace-basedimageservicesisgrowing.Today,spaceeffortscostabout$200billionayear.Jointeffortsbetweengovernmentsandbusinessesarehelpingtolowercostsandincreaseourunderstandingoftheuniverse.ThebusinessofspacelooksgoodforOrbitalATK,acompanybasedintheUnitedStates.InJanuary,thecompanylauncheditsAntaresrocket.TherocketwascarryingthefirstofeightplannedsupplyshipmentstotheInternationalSpaceStation.OrbitalATKisoneofthetwoAmericancompaniespaidbyNASAtotransportsuppliestothespacestation.AcompanycalledArianespaceisaprivateEuropeanspacebusiness.ClaytonNowryheadstheAmericandivisionofthecompany.Hesaystheincreaseinrocketlaunchesispartlytheresultofincreaseddemandforspace-basedtechnologies.Theseincludehigh-definition(高清的)broadcastsandsatellitebroadbandservices.Whilethereismoredemandforsatellites,theendofNASA’sSpaceShuttleprogramin2011hashurtthespaceindustry.JaniceStarzykworksatInternationalLaunchServices.SheworksoneducationissuesattheWashingtonSpaceBusinessRoundtable.Shesaid,“It’sapitythattheprogram’sshutdownwasahuge,hugesetoflay-offs(下岗人员)intheindustry.”ButevenasNASAreducesitsspending,othercountrieshaveannouncedplanstoexplorespace.InDecember2013,Chinabecamejustthethirdcountrytolandanunmannedspacevehicleonthemoon.Amonthlater,Indiasentitsfirstcommunicationssatellite.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,主要就“太空探究”这一话题绽开介绍相关内容,包括太空科技的发展、值得一提的相关公司、太空探究所遭受的停滞和接着前行。32.Whatmakessendingrocketsintospacebecomeveryusual?A.Moreandmorepeoplewantingtoexplorespace.B.Spacebecominghuman’sfinalhomeanddream.C.Companiesmakingeveryefforttoearn$200billionayear.D.Increasingneedforcommunicationssatellitesandspace-basedimageservices.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段中的“Sendingrocketsintospacehasbecomealmostcommon.Thedemandforcommunicationssatellitesandspace-basedimageservicesisgrowing.”可知,向太空放射火箭现在变得普遍了,对于通讯卫星和卫星图像服务的需求正持续增长。分析两句的逻辑关系,可知是有了这一需求,才使得人类放射更多的卫星。故选D。33.Whyaregovernmentsandbusinessesworkingtogether?A.Toearnmoremoneyfromspaceprojects.B.Tosendmorerocketsintospaceandusethem.C.Toproducemorecommunicationssatellitesforthepublic.D.Tokeepcostsdownandhelpuslearnmoreabouttheuniverse.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Jointeffortsbetweengovernmentsandbusinessesarehelpingtolowercostsandincreaseourunderstandingoftheuniverse.”可知,政商合作,共同努力,正助力太空探究降低成本费用,同时提高(我们人类)对于宇宙的相识理解。故选D。34.WhatdoweknowaboutOrbitalATK?A.It’saprivateEuropeanspacebusiness.B.ItsentitsAntaresrocketinJanuary.C.It’sacompanybasedintheUnitedKingdom.D.It’stheonlyAmericancompanypaidbyNASA.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。第三段整段为对该公司的介绍,依据第三段中的“InJanuary,thecompanylauncheditsAntaresrocket.”可知其在一月份放射了Antares火箭,B项时间和内容均与原文契合。故选B。35.HowmayJaniceStarzykfeelabouttheprogram’sshutdown?A.Hopeful. B.Content.C.Regretful. D.Uninterested.【解析】选C。推理推断题。本题要求推断观点看法,依据倒数其次段中的“Shesaid,it’sapitythattheprogram’sshutdownwasahuge,hugesetoflay-offsintheindustry.”可知她认为项目的终止对于航天工业来说是一个缺憾,而且导致了这一行业一系列的下岗潮,句中的关键词为pity(缺憾),对应题目C选项regretful(缺憾的,惋惜的)。故选C。其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.36

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.37Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.38

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.39Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.40“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了动物睡眠的缘由,提出了两种假设:“帮助巩固新的记忆”和“为明天的全新记忆腾出空间”。其中,后一种假设得到了试验支持,被越来越多的人所认可。36.【解析】选C。解本题可利用关联逻辑法。首句指出每种动物都要睡觉,但缘由仍旧是个谜。接下来是具体例证,照试验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠,一个月内就会死亡,而同样,人类假如连续几天不睡觉,就会生病,故选C项。本设空类型属于细微环节理解类。37.【解析】选E。解本题可利用句意推断法。该段首句提出了第一个假设,睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。与这个论点相呼应的例子是E项,该项中的that指代的就是前面的假设,也就是说,这个假设能够说明为什么学生假如能在学习之后睡觉休息,会在考试中发挥更好。本设空类型属于过渡句类。38.【解析】选F。解本题可利用词汇锁定法。由下段首句中的代词he可知,该空中必定包含一个人名,否则he就失去了所指对象,阅读各选项,可锁定F项和G项,但只有F项能与本段的内容连接,也就是说,睡眠会帮助清除记忆,为新记忆腾出空间。依据探讨人员Tononi的说法,“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。本设空类型属于段落总结类。39.【解析】选G。解本题可利用句意推断法。该段首句说“现在我们有最干脆的证据证明他的假设是对的”,那接下来应当是具体描述该证据。此外,该空后面一句话说明白试验的结果和意义。综合看来,只有G项符合语境,指出了探讨团队、试验对象及试验内容。本设空类型属于过渡句类。40.【解析】选B。解本题可利用句意推断法。由空后的youkeepwhatmatters“你记住要紧的事情”可锁定B项“好像大脑在保存它最重要的记忆”。本设空类型属于过渡句类。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A54-year-olddentist,Goodmanpurchasedhisfirst41in1990andjoinedtheHowardAstronomicalLeague(HAL)in2000.“Therearen’ttoomanybigastronomy42,”saidMarcFeuerberg,whoisPresidentofHAL.“Ifyouareintoastronomyatall,youkindofenduphere.”

HALwhichhasabout120members43“starparties”severaltimesamonth.Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools,withthe44ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky45.

Astronomyingeneralissortoflikehamradio.Itwas46justafterWorldWarⅡ,47nowitis“kindofgraying”,saidChasRimpo,theclub’seventsorganizer.

Membersofferseveralreasonsforthe48:kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputersthan49;peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto50.

Buttheysaythere’snothinglikebeingoutdoors,lookingattheskyandconsideringEarth’stinyplaceinthe51.

HALmembersaredoingwhattheycantomakeanimpressiononanewgenerationof52astronomylovers.Plansareunderwayto53theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark,saidRimpo.

AlphaRidgeParkwaschosenasthesitebecauseitis54locatednearInterstate70,butmostlybecauseithaslittlelightpollution,saidGoodman.

“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace”Goodmansaid,“butonceitis55,itwillberunbyHALmembersandbeopentothepublic.AnditwillgiveHALaplaceofitsown”.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白霍华德天文社团(HAL)为培育新一代的天空视察者而做出了很多努力,天文学在二战刚结束时很受欢迎,如今有点过时了。文章分析了衰落的缘由以及天文社团将来的支配。41.A.radio B.telescopeC.machine D.computer【解析】选B。句意:Goodman是一位54岁的牙医,1990年购买了他的第一台望远镜,2000年加入了霍华德天文社团(HAL)。radio收音机;telescope望远镜;machine机器;computer电脑。依据后文HowardAstronomicalLeague可推知Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。42.A.schools B.clubsC.companies D.centers【解析】选B。句意:HAL总裁MarcFeuerberg说:“大型天文社团并不多。schools学校;clubs俱乐部;companies公司;centers中心。对应上文HowardAstronomicalLeague可知此处指大型的天文社团(club)。故选B。43.A.takes B.holds C.builds D.opens【解析】选B。依据后文“starparties”可知是举办(hold)“星星派对”。后文Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools也有提示。故选B。44.A.opinion B.suggestionC.goal D.agreement【解析】选C。opinion观点;suggestion建议;goal目标;agreement同意。依据后文ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky可知是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了创建新一代的天空视察者。故选C。45.A.watchers B.astronautsC.visitors D.astronomers【解析】选A。watchers视察者;astronauts宇航员;visitors游客;astronomers天文学家。结合上文Goodman买望远镜可知,俱乐部的目标是培育新一代的天空视察者。故选A。46.A.successful B.popularC.important D.secure【解析】选B。successful胜利的;popular流行的;important重要的;secure平安的。依据后文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎,但是现在有点衰落了。故选B。47.A.and B.so C.but D.though【解析】选C。句意:该俱乐部的活动组织者ChasRimpo说,二战刚结束时它很受欢迎,但现在它有点衰落了。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系,应用连词but。故选C。48.A.shortcomings B.disadvantagesC.failure D.decline【解析】选D。shortcomings缺点;disadvantages劣势;failure失败;decline衰退,下降。依据上文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰落的缘由。故选D。49.A.watchout B.goawayC.goout D.giveaway【解析】选C。watchout当心;goaway走开;goout出去;giveaway赠送。依据上文kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputers可知如今的孩子喜爱待在家里看电脑,不情愿出门。故选C。50.A.operate B.purchaseC.adjust D.calculate【解析】选A。operate操作;purchase购买;adjust调整;calculate计算。依据上文peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto______可知人们认为望远镜难以操作,其他选项不符合语境。故选A。

51.A.sky B.universeC.earth D.world【解析】选B。句意:但他们说没有什么比在户外,仰视天空,考虑地球在宇宙中的微小位置更好的了。sky天空;universe宇宙;earth地球;world世界。依据上文consideringEarth’stinyplaceinthe______可知是思索地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。

52.A.skillful B.excellentC.potential D.patient【解析】选C。skillful娴熟的;excellent精彩的;potential潜在的;patient耐性的。依据上文anewgenerationof可知HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。53.A.pick B.insert C.fit D.place【解析】选C。结合后文theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark可知,在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的支配正在进行。故选C。54.A.totally B.convenientlyC.partly D.conventionally【解析】选B。totally完全地;conveniently便利地;partly部分地;conventionally通常。结合后文locatedn