话题31 自然灾害与防范安全常识与自我保护 2025年高考英语专项复习

话题31自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护2025年高考英语专项复习目录话题词汇梳理壹核心词汇突破贰教材句型迁移叁话题语篇拓展肆话题与教材教学重难点人教必修一U4；外研必修三U6，选必二U6；北师大必修二U5；译林必修三U2核心词汇突破

bear，calm，effect，effort，inform，shock，supply教材句型迁移

①insist后宾语从句中的虚拟语气②if引导虚拟条件句③wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气④ifonly引导虚拟条件句⑤without短语表示含蓄条件TeachingGuide话题词汇梳理壹1.

vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏

2.disastern.

3.

n.突发事件,紧急情况4.

v.逃脱,摆脱vt.避免vi.逃走n.逃跑,逃脱;(暂时的)解脱5.

n.洪水;大量(的人或事物)

vi.大量涌入v.(使)灌满水;淹没6.forecastvt.&n.

7.grabv.

vi.(试图)抓住,夺得8.

n.金属

9.slidev.(使)滑行;(使)快捷而悄声地移动n.______________________10.trapvt.使落入险境;卡住n._________bury灾难,灾害;不幸emergencyescapeflood预测,预报抓住;抓住(机会)metal滑动;幻灯片;山崩;降低,衰落困境;陷阱11.bearvt.忍受;承担责任

adj.可忍受的→

adj.难以忍受的

12.burnv.(使)烧毁;(使燃料)燃烧;晒伤vt.烫伤,烧伤vi.燃烧;发光n.烧伤,烫伤

adj.燃烧着的→

adj.烧坏的,烧伤的搭配

(火势)减弱;(被)焚毁

13.calmadj.镇静的;风平浪静的v.(使)平静,(使)镇定

adv.镇定地搭配

(使)平静,镇静,安静

14.

v.碰撞,撞击vi.暴跌,倒闭n.撞车,碰撞;暴跌搭配acarcrash

15.diev.死亡vi.消失,灭亡;停止运转

n.死,死亡→

adj.死的→

adj.致命的搭配

灭绝,消失

16.effectn.影响,效应,结果

adj.有效的,产生预期效果的;生效的搭配__________

(药物的)副作用;意外的连带后果__________________对……有影响bearable→→→→unbearableburningburntburndowncalmlycalmdowncrash汽车撞车事故deathdeaddeadlydieouteffective→sideeffecthaveaneffecton…17.

n.努力,气力;试图,尽力搭配makeaneffort

18.eruptv.(火山)爆发vi.突然发生

n.爆发,突然发生

拓展avolcanic

eruption__________

19.firen.火,火灾;激情;炉火;暖气装置;射击,火力vt.激励;解雇vi.点火,发动v.射击,开火搭配

着火

灭火

20.informvt.通知;告知

n.信息,消息→

adj.见多识广的,消息灵通的搭配informsb.ofsth.

21.movev.移动;转变;搬家vi.前进;采取行动

vt.使感动(尤指因为同情或悲伤);使变换,

调动→

n.运动;动作,活动搭配beonthemove_____________________________22.rescuen.&vt.

n.救援者搭配cometoone’srescue___________________→effort尽量,尽力eruption火山爆发catchfireputoutafire→→informationinformed通知某人某事movement在行进中,在移动中;(经常)变换地点营救,救援rescuer营救(某人);救助(某人)23.ruinn.废墟;毁坏;破产vt.毁坏;使破产搭配

毁坏,严重受损,破败不堪24.scarevt.惊吓,使害怕vi.受惊吓

adj.害怕的,恐惧的

adj.恐怖的

25.sharpadj.(变化)急剧的;锋利的;清晰的;敏锐的;严厉的

adv.急剧地;严厉地;突然地→_______v.(使)变锋利;(使)提高,改善

26.shockn.震惊,令人震惊的事;休克vt.使震惊

adj.惊人的→

adj.震惊的

27.

n.供应量;[pl.]补给,补给品vt.供应,供给搭配supplysb.withsth.

__28.tearn.

v.撕裂vt.撕开;撕掉

搭配

哭着,哭泣

29.wiseadj.明智的

n.智慧,才智

反

adj.不明智的inruins→scared→→→scarysharplysharpenshockingshockedsupply给某人提供某物眼泪,泪水intearswisdomunwise→核心词汇突破贰(1)我不忍心看见她哭。____________________________(2)失去他的情景她想都不敢想。__________________________________________________(3)他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。____________________________________(4)记住﹐有些孩子需要帮助。_________________________somechildrenwillneedhelp.1.bearvt.忍受；承担责任·can’tbearsth.

接受不了某事·can’tbeartodosth.不忍心做某事·bearsth.inmind/bearinmind(that)记住（某事）﹐把（某事）记在心里

Ican’tbeartoseehercry.Shecouldn’tbearthethoughtoflosinghim.Hecan’tbeartobelaughedat.Bearinmindthat(1)我尽量保持镇定﹐不去理睬他。Itriedto______________andjustignorehim.(2)他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。Hetookafewdeepbreathsto___________________________.(3)金融市场目前很稳定。__________________________________atthemoment.(4)冷静点﹐告诉我发生了什么事。___________________andtellmewhathappened.2.calmadj.镇静的；风平浪静的

v.(使)平静，（使）镇定·remain/stay/keepcalm

保持镇定·calmdown/calmsb/sth↔down（使）平静，镇静，安静staycalmcalmhimselfdownThefinancialmarketsarecalmCalmdown(1)实际上﹐我们挣钱会比去年少。_____________________,we’llbeearninglessthanwewerelastyear.(2)这种药的常见副作用可能包括头痛和肌肉疼痛。Common____________________ofthedrugmayincludeheadachesandmusclepains.(3)这些建议即将付诸实施。Therecommendationswillsoonbe____________________.3.effectn.影响，效应，结果·takeeffect开始起作用﹔开始产生效果·takeeffect/comeintoeffect

生效/开始实施·beineffect

在实施中﹐有效·sideeffect（尤指药物﹑疗法的）副作用·bring/putsthintoefˈfect使生效；实行；实施Ineffectsideeffectsputintoeffect(1)自动变速汽车令驾驶更轻松。Anautomaticcar____________________________________.(2)我极力去理解他们的观点。I________________________________seetheirpointofview.(3)她的马轻松跳过了篱笆。Herhorsejumpedthefence________________________________.4.effortn.努力，气力；试图，尽力·makeaneffort

尽量，尽力·taketheeffortoutofsomething使某事变得容易·makeeveryefforttodosomething尽一切努力做某事·withouteffort轻松地takestheeffortoutofdrivingmadeeveryefforttowithoutanyeffort(1)地址如有变更﹐请尽早通知我们。_________________________________________assoonaspossible.(2)他告发了他的亲弟弟。__________________________________(3)我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。Ihavebeenreliablyinformed___________________________________.(4)没人通知我典礼何时举行。Ihavenotbeeninformed___________________________________.5.informvt.通知;告知·informsb.about/ofsth.通知某人某事

·informonsb.告发；检举

whentheceremonywilltakeplacethatthecouplewillmarrynextyearHeinformedonhisownbrother.Pleaseinformusofanychangeofaddress(1)听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。I______________________hearthathehadresigned.(2)她惊讶地环顾四周。Shelookedround________________.(3)她突然惊恐地意识到自己被跟踪了。Sherealizedwith__________________thatshewasbeingfollowed.(4)我觉得我仍然惊魂未定。IthinkI’mstill__________________________.6.shockn.震惊，令人震惊的事；休克

vt.使震惊·be

shockedtodosth.做某事很震惊·inshock惊讶地·withashock吃惊地wasshockedtoinshockasuddenshockinastateofshock(1)

Aninformer_______________________________thenamesofthoseinvolvedinthecrime.有线人向警方提供了涉案者的名字。(2)许多志愿者来自当地学校。Localschools_________________________________.(3)洪水过后粮食短缺。Foodis_____________________________followingtheflooding.7.supplyn.供应量；[pl.]补给，补给品

vt.供应，供给，提供·supplysb.withsth.给某人提供某物·supplysth.tosb.向某人提供某物·beinshortsupply供应短缺supplymanyofthevolunteerssuppliedthepolicewithinshortsupply教材句型迁移叁①insist后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloning______________________________________.(2)他们坚持要每个人都参加聚会。Theyinsistedthat_______________________________.(3)他一定要我乘出租车。Heinsisted___________________________.(4)他执意要她来。_______________________________.insist后接宾语从句时，宾语从句通常要使用虚拟语气，即(should)do的结构。shouldbefurtherexploredandadvancedeveryoneshouldcometothepartyIshouldtakeataxiHeinsiststhatshecome②if引导虚拟条件句(1)我要是能回答你所有问题的话，我就是天才了。IfIknewtheanswertoallyourquestions，_____________________________.(2)要是我做这项工作，我会以不同的方式去做。_______________________________，Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用如下:·与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)，主句谓语动词“would/could/should/might+动词原形”·与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had十过去分词”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might+have十过去分词"·与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式、weretodo或shoulddo，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might+动词原形”IfIweretodotheworkIwouldbeagenius③wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气·wish后跟宾语从句，常常表示不能实现的愿望。·wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式有：⑴did/were（表示与现在事实相反的愿望）

⑵haddone/been（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）；⑶would/could+动词原形（表示与将来事实相反的愿望）。⑴真希望回到家里，我不喜欢这个地方。_________________________________________⑵

他知道自己本不该干此事；他多么希望自己没有做啊。________________________________________________________⑶我真希望下次你能早一点来。______________________________________IwishIwerebackhome;Idonotlikethisplace.Heknewthatheshouldn’thavedoneit;hewishedhehadn’tdoneit.Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.④ifonly引导虚拟条件句(1)我要是能讲几种外语就好了!__________________________________________(2)你要是还像你过去那样，该有多好啊!___________________________________(3)他要是更谨慎些就好了。__________________________________________·ifonly...意为“要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。ifonly...did...表示与现在事实相反的愿望。

ifonly...haddone...表示与过去事实相反的愿望。·onlyif意为“只要;只有”，引导条件状语从句。only

if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!Ifonlyyouwouldbeasyouusedtobe!Ifonlyhewere/wasmorecautious.⑤without引导的短语表示含蓄条件(1)活没干完，我不敢回家。I______________________withoutthejobfinished.(2)没有你，我不可能做到。___________________________________(3)有一辆卡车可能被偷了之后连车主人都不知道丢了。Onetruck_____________________________withoutitsownerevenknowingthatithadbeenmissing.(4)我告诉富兰克林吃晚饭不必等我。ItoldFranklinhe_____________________________withoutme...without引导含蓄虚拟语气既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/shoulddo);也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/shouldhavedone)有类似用法的还有:with,otherwise/or(否则),butfor(要不是)等

wouldn’tdaregohomeIcouldn’thavedoneitwithoutyou.mighthavebeenstolen

wouldhavetostartdinner话题语段拓展肆一、阅读下面语段，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项[教材改编,人教必修一U4P50]Hopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent15,0000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere1andtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovide2care.Workersbuilt3forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwere4thecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless5ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Tangshancityhas6toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrigh