脊髓灰质炎课件

肠道病毒与轮状病毒脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒脊髓灰质炎学习要求掌握1、脊髓灰质炎病毒的致病性2、特异性预防（剂型）自学柯萨奇病毒3、熟悉脊髓灰质炎病毒抵抗力、感染类型自学埃可病毒脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎病毒poliovirus结构脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎3-Dimageofpoliovirus脊髓灰质炎VP1VP2VP35-foldAxis3-foldAxis2-foldAxis脊髓灰质炎Fordecades,nooneknewwhatpolioviruslookedlike,sincevirusescannotbeseenunderamicroscope.In1985,ateamledbyJamesHogleofHarvardMedicalSchoolobtainedhigh-resolution,3Dimagesofpoliovirus,andtoday,thenewlyformedChildren'sHospitalBoston--HarvardMedicalSchoolstructuralbiologyunitisheirtotheEnderstradition.脊髓灰质炎LedbyStephenHarrison,thisgroupisusingavarietyofsophisticatedtoolslikeX-raycrystallographyandmolecularelectronmicroscopytoobtaindetailed,dynamic,3Dviews--accuratedowntotheatom--ofhowvirusesmove,transferinformationandreconfigurethemselvestoattacktheirvictims.Theseimagesaresheddinglightonmanyoftoday'sviralscourges,suchasHIV,dengueandrotavirus,andprovidingnewleadsfortreatmentandvaccinedevelopment.脊髓灰质炎Poliovirus脊髓灰质炎AnancientEgyptianstele,portrayingaprincewithawitheredleg-probablypolio.

©WHO/GPEI脊髓灰质炎埃及第十八朝的这块石碑可能是脊髓灰质炎病例的最早记载。脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎AmericasRegionLuisFerminTenorioPeru1991EuropeanRegionMelikMinasTurkey1998WesternPacificRegionMumChantyCambodia1997Polio‘LastCases’PolioEradication脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎ResearchersGlimpsePolioVirusasitEntersHostCellContact:Theimageontheleftshowsanakedpoliovirus.Thepoliovirusontherightisstuddedwith60twig-likestructures,thereceptors.SeeforamomentSmallthinstemonatree3-Dstructures脊髓灰质炎WHOPoliocaseshavedecreasedby99.8%since1988,fromanestimated350000casesto483in2001*.Thereductionistheresultoftheglobalefforttoeradicatethedisease.脊髓灰质炎Areaswithhigh-intensitytransmission

Together,thesecountriesaccountedformorethan85%ofthenewpoliocaseloadin2001.Theyarecharacterizedbyhavingareaswithlargepopulationsandlowroutineimmunizationcoverage,sub-optimalsanitationandrelativelywidegeographicaldistributionofthewildpoliovirus.Thesecountriesare:IndiaPakistan/AfghanistanNigeria/Niger脊髓灰质炎PoliowasdeclarederadicatedintheU.S.in1979.YetaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,poliocasesworldwiderosebyathirdin2004,dueinparttovaccineboycotts.Children'sandSpauldingRehabilitationHospitalarestillseeingnewcases--theresultofinternationaladoptionsfromThirdWorldcountriesandfromRussia.脊髓灰质炎病毒抵抗力在污水和粪便中可活数月食品中可保存数周不易被胃酸或胆汁灭活对氧化剂敏感56。C30min被灭活脊髓灰质炎致病性传染源：病人或无症状携带者传染方式：粪-口途径致病机理脊髓灰质炎二、致病性病毒咽部、肠壁淋巴组织入血流第1次病毒血症入全身淋巴组织再次入血流病毒入脊髓前角运动神经细胞：（脊髓型）

延髓和脑干：延髓型大脑运动皮质区：脑炎型第2次病毒血症脊髓灰质炎感染类型人群中绝大多数为隐性感染或轻型感染显性感染引起麻痹者仅为显性感染的0.1%-1%顿挫感染脊髓灰质炎免疫性SIgA：清除肠道内病毒，阻止病毒入血IgM,IgG:阻断血流中病毒向中枢神经系统扩散感染后获得对同型病毒较牢固的免疫力脊髓灰质炎预防口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗糖丸(1957年发明）

OralvaccinationwithlivevaccineVaccinationprogramshaveeradicateditfromtheWesternworldandpromisetoeliminateitglobally

DrAlberSabin脊髓灰质炎疫苗使用的效果脊髓灰质炎脊髓灰质炎

Scientistshavebuiltthevirusthatcausespoliofromscratchinthelab,usingnothingmorethangeneticsequenceinformationfrompublicdatabasesandreadilyavailabletechnology.Thefactprovesthatevenifallthepoliovirusintheworldweredestroyed,itwouldbeeasilypossibletoresurrectthecripplingdisease,saysAnikoPaulattheStateUniversityofNewYorkatStonyBrook,oneoftheresearchersconductingthestudy.新进展Date:Thu,11Jul2002Bringbackintouse脊髓灰质炎Journalreference:Science(DOI:10.1126/science.1072266)Theresulthasmajorimplicationsforvaccinationprogramsthathavenearlyridtheworldofpolio."Ithinkitmeansyou'reprobablynotgoingtobeabletostopvaccinatingpeopleevenafteryoueradicatethevirus,"saysDianeGriffinoftheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.脊髓灰质炎Paulbelievesthesynthesismethodcouldbeappliedtootherviraldiseases."Wefeelthiscouldbeusedforebola,smallpox,justaboutanything,"shesays.Thisraisestheworryingpossibilitythatbioterroristscoulduseasimilarapproachtocreatedevastatingdiseaseswithouthavingtogainaccesstoprotectviralstocks.脊髓灰质炎paralysiselectronmicroscopyandX-raycrystallography.SummaryofpoliovirusvaccinationprogramshaveeradicateditfromtheWesternworldandpromisetoeliminateitgloballySurprisinglylittleisknownabouthowpoliovirusentersthecellsoftheintestines,letalonehowitmakesitswaytothenervoussystemwhereitcandamagemotorneuronsandcauseparalysis脊髓灰质炎轮状病毒脊髓灰质炎形态核心为dsRNA，外有双层衣壳，内外两层呈放射状排列脊髓灰质炎轮状病毒分组：A、B、C组：可引起人、动物腹泻，最常见A组(有称为小儿轮状病毒）D-G组：仅引起动物腹泻A组抵抗力：耐乙醚、弱酸室温中传染性可保持7个月-20。C长期保存脊髓灰质炎A组轮状病毒所致疾病：