统考版2025届高考英语一轮复习限时提分练二十一必修⑤Unit1Greatscientists含解析

PAGE限时提分练(二十一)必修⑤Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读理解A[2024·太原市高三年级模拟试题]TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910,Dr.WuLien­tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge­educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)．WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24,1910,hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu'sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine(隔离)unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases,andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday,whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease,andbyMarch1,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof1910－1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities,andaccountedforover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked,allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911,Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang,attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates,JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910－1911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwastheworld'smostfamousplaguefighter,atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919,andareturnofplaguein1921.1．WhatwasDr.Wu'smissionin1910?A．Totakepersonalrisks.B．Toendanepidemic.C．Toprovidemedicaleducation.D．Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2．WhichofDr.Wu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A．Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B．Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C．Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D．Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1,1911.B．60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C．Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D．Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910－1911outbreak.4．WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B．Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C．Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D．Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B[2024·开封市高三第一次模拟]AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andco­founderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen­poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.6．Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.7．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereⅡ.完形填空[2024·太原市高三年级模拟试题]WhenpeoplefindoutthatmysonSamisacompetitivemathlete,theyusuallyaskifmyhusbandandIare“mathpersons”.Theansweris“Definitelynot”．Ninthgradewas__1__forSam.Toprepareforacompetition,hetook__2__practicetests,whichweresometimesas__3__asthreehours.Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhopedandwas__4__byamathcamphe'dappliedto.Hewanderedintomyofficeonedaylastspring,murmuring.“Ijustfeellikethewholeyearhasbeena__5__.”Igetit.Howmanydays—weeks,months—haveI“wasted”writingthe__6__sceneoverandoveragain?Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward,onestepback.__7__wheneverIfeellikethat,Itryto__8__myselfthatnomatterwhathappenswithmybook,I've__9__thetimeI'vespentworkingonit.ThedelightIfindinwritingis__10__forme.“Nothing'severwasted.Youmaynothavegottenthe__11__youwanted,butasyoutrytosolvethe__12__problems,youaremakingprogresswitheacheffortyoumake.”Heshrugged(耸肩).“Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme.”Samwastalkingaboutthe__13__boards,wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresourcesand,moreoftenthannot,__14__theirwins.“Iknowitfeelsthatway,butitisn'ttrue.Youknowpeople__15__theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir__16__，”Isaid,asmuchtomyselfastoSam.JustlikeSam,Ican'tcontrolthe__17__，andIcanonlycontrolmyinput.Todevotetimetosomethingwithno__18__ofitssuccessisriskyand__19__.But,thenagain,soiseverything.Andyoudon'tneedtobea(n)__20__persontoknowthat.1．A.simple B．toughC．peaceful D．exciting2．A.few B．casualC．multiple D．easy3．A.far B．longC．deep D．straight4．A.accepted B．praisedC．replied D．rejected5．A.waste B．vacationC．pleasure D．trouble6．A.same B．vividC．brief D．literary7．A.So B．AndC．But D．Because8．A.help B．convinceC．improve D．answer9．A.offered B．killedC．saved D．enjoyed10．A.limited B．popularC．obvious D．enough11．A.exam B．adviceC．course D．result12．A.challenging B．urgentC．historical D．imaginary13．A.message B．chessC．drawing D．safety14．A.escapefrom B．thinkaboutC．showoff D．competein15．A.ban B．postC．doubt D．receive16．A.methods B．intentionsC．struggles D．reasons17．A.solution B．outcomeC．custom D．fortune18．A.courage B．accidentC．chance D．guarantee19．A.terrifying B．instructiveC．personal D．ridiculous20．A.art B．adultC．math D．business

限时提分练(二十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——卫生与健康——中国医生伍连德限制住了鼠疫【语篇解读】1910年的冬天一种死亡率极高的流行病席卷中国东北，在剑桥受过教化的伍连德医生被派去阻挡这种流行病，他到达目的地后，实行了诸如设立特地的隔离病区、对感染者实行活动限制之类的有效措施，由于伍连德医生的努力，鼠疫最终被完全限制。1．答案与解析：B考查细微环节理解。依据第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge­educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在剑桥受过教化的伍医生北上，以阻挡这种流行病。故B项正确。2．答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据题干关键词“spreadingnationwide”定位至其次段最终两句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911...toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最终一句可知，他劝服当局在春节前彻底关闭铁路，防止人口通过铁路流淌，从而阻挡了鼠疫在全国流行，故D项正确。3．答案与解析：C考查推理推断。依据第三段尾句可知，假如疫情没有得到限制，允许假期乘坐火车的旅客将疾病传播到中国其他地方，可能意味着灾难性的生命损失，并可能引发全球健康危机。据此可以推断，鼠疫在1911年得到完全限制，有效阻挡了其向世界传播，故C项正确。4．答案与解析：A考查推理推断。依据本文尾句可知，那时伍医生是世界上最闻名的抗击鼠疫的人，他在抗击1919年中国的霍乱和1921年卷土重来的鼠疫中捍卫了这一称号。据此可推知，在1911年之后，他接着卓有成效地抗击流行病，故A项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——人与科学——公民科学家【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数一般人为科学作出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。5．答案与解析：B考查细微环节理解。依据其次段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的一般人也能参与科学探讨，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。6．答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据第四段最终一句“Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够留意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。7．答案与解析：A考查观点看法。依据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“‘Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp’”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。8．答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工AndrewGrey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff对于公民科学的看法，并结合倒数其次段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要确定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——主动的生活看法——努力的过程就是进步的过程【语篇解读】作者的儿子为打算一个竞赛而参与了各种训练测试，但并没有获得自己想要的结果，最终被数学营拒绝了，他为此向作者发牢骚。作者依据自己写书的经验，告知儿子，他所作的每一次努力都是在进步，虽然他人总是将成功展示出来，但是背后他们也付出了许多努力。1．答案与解析：B依据该段最终一句中的“Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhoped”和语境可知，九年级对Sam来说特别艰难。故选B。2．答案与解析：C依据本句中的“Toprepareforacompetition”和语境可知，为了打算一个竞赛，Sam参与了多种练习测试。multiple“多种的”符合语境，故选C。3．答案与解析：B依据本句中的“threehours”和常识可知，这些测试的时间有时长达三个小时，故选B。4．答案与解析：D依据第三段中的“wanderedintomyoffice”和“murmuring”以及下文作者劝慰他可知，Sam最终被数学营拒绝了，因此他到作者的办公室里发牢骚，故选D。5．答案与解析：A依据第6空前的“wasted”和下文中的“Nothing'severwasted”可知，Sam感觉自己一整年的时间都被奢侈了，故选A。6．答案与解析：A依据本句中的“overandoveragain”和下文中的“Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward，onestepback”可知，这里作者是在反问自己，反复地写同一个场景是不是也在奢侈时间，故选A。vivid“生动的，逼真的”；literary“文学的”。7．答案与解析：C依据下文中的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和语境可知，作者看待自己的写作和Sam看待他的数学营结果的方式不同，此处表转折，故选C。8．答案与解析：B依据第10空前的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和第五段第一句“‘Nothing'severwasted’”可知，作者努力让自己确信，无论她写的书会有一个什么样的结果，她都已享受(enjoyed)写书所度过的那段时间。从写作中发觉的欢乐对她来说已经足够(enough)了。convince“使确信，使信任，使信服”符合语境，故选B。9．答案与解析：D参见上题解析。10．答案与解