统考版2025届高考英语一轮复习板块1词形的变换第1讲名词和数词教师用书教案新人教版

PAGE第1讲名词和数词[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2024·浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(浇灌)theirfields.2．(2024·1月·浙江卷)ForJapan，thenumbers(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050．3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause)．4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2．给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。短文改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.chopstick→chopsticks2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.vacations→vacation3．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle,Friday'snightwasourfamilygamenight.Friday's→Friday4．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.eighteen→eighteenth1．可数名词单复数的错用；2．可数名词与不行数名词的误用；3．名词与名词全部格的误用；4．序数词和基数词的误用。考点一名词的数[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·绵阳联考)Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsandroofs(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter.2．Thepianos(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper，buttheyarenotasgood.3．Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves(wolf)wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.4．Ispenttenminuteswalkingupanddownthehighstreet,desperatelyavoidingeyecontactwithpassers­by(passer­by)．5．Ananthastwostomachs(stomach).Oneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheotherisforfoodtobegiventootherants.Ⅱ.单句改错6．(2024·太原阶段测评)ItisoneoftheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedNationstodevelopmoreeffectivecommunication.language→languages7．(2024·合肥第一次质量检测)Myfavouritesportisswimming,soIdecidedtogoswimmingintheseaoneafternoonwithmyfriend,WangFeiandLiLei.friend→friends[要点解读]一、名词单数变复数的规则改变改变规则例词一般状况加­smap→maps；girl→girls；house→houses；mouth→mouths以­th结尾的词，加­smonth→months；truth→truths以­s，­x，­sh，­ch结尾的，加­esclass→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i加­escity→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→factories留意：以元音字母＋y结尾的则干脆加­s，如boy→boys；toy→toys以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的词一般加­estomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes；Negro→Negroes；mango→mangoes留意：1．少数名词加­s或­es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s2．少数名词只加s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos以“元音字母＋o”结尾的词，加­sradio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos以­f，­fe结尾的词，通常变f或fe为v，再加­eshalf→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives但是也有的干脆加­s，如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs还有两种复数形式的，如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，假如没有主体名词，则将最终一部分变成复数son­in­law→sons­in­lawpasser­by→passers­bystory­teller→story­tellersgo­between→go­betweensgrown­up→grown­ups二、名词单数变复数的不规则改变改变状况例词特别改变child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；man→men；woman→women留意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是­men和­women，如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼法方法细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数)考点二名词的全部格[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·江西五校第一次联考)Inaddition,thehostess'(hostess)cookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.2．Thearticleconcludesthatparents'(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren'sfuture.3．“Today's(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild，”theteachersaid.4．We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjustastone's(stone)throwfromtherailwaystationforthesakeofconvenience.5．Studiesshowthatachild's(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/herhomeenvironment.Ⅱ.单句改错6．(2024·福州质量检测)Butwithmyteammatesencouragement,Iwasabletocommunicatesmoothlywiththem.teammates→teammates'7．Myfathernewbook,whichistobepublishednextweek,issuretobeanotherhit.father→father's8．Ideletedanafternoonworkonthecomputerbymistake,whichmademeannoyed.afternoon→afternoon's[要点解读]名词的全部格1．有生命的名词，其全部格一般在名词后加­'s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加­'s，表示其全部格。today'spaper今日的报纸England'sshore英国的海岸thecar'sdesign这辆车的设计3．在某些习惯用语中，也须要加­'s全部格。astone'sthrow近在咫尺keepsb.atarm'slength与某人保持距离；不亲近某人beatone'swits'end黔驴技穷4．假如一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加­'s，假如不是共有的则两个名词后都要加­'s。JaneandMary'smother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，示意简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane'sandMary'smothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)5．双重全部格：“a/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重全部格，“of＋名词全部格”中的名词必需表示人，不能表示事物。afriendofhermother's她妈妈的一个挚友twophotosofhers她的两张照片考点三数词——基数词与序数词[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·枣庄模拟)Itscelebrationshappenedasearlyasthefifth(five)century.2．Theelevatorbrokedownandwehadtowalkuptothetenth(ten)floor.3．Saturnisthesecond(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem.4．Eachyear,hundreds(hundred)oftheanimalsarekilledfortheirfur.5．I'mafrequenttravellerandIeatouttwice(two)aday.6．Ithasbeensnowing,roughlyeverythird(three)day,foraslongasI'vehadtheflu.Ⅱ.单句改错7．Inthetwentycentury，localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionals.twenty→twentieth8．Today,expertsbelievethatnearlytwo­thirdoftheworld'spopulationlivewithineightykilometersoftheseacoast.two­third→two­thirds9．Somemenareoldatsixty­five;othersarestillaslivelyascricketsintheirninety.ninety→nineties[要点解读]一、基数词和序数词1．表数量的数词叫基数词，如one,two,three，...2．表依次的数词叫序数词，如first,second,third,fourth,fifth，...二、基数词变序数词的规则1．一二三要单独记：one→first,two→second,three→third2．th要从四加起：four→fourth,five→fifth，...3．eight少个t：eight→eighth4．nine删除e：nine→ninth5．ve用f来代替：five→fifth,twelve→twelfth6．ty变成tie：twenty→twentieth三、序数词的运用1．序数词在句中主要作定语，一般状况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek.星期一是一周的其次天。2．序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?你还想再来一杯茶吗？Ihadathirdapple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。3．first,second等有时可表示一批人或物。ThefirstmiludeercamefromChinainthe1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年头从中国引进的。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数。1/3:onethird，2/5:twofifthsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Thehotelhasbeenorderedtoclosebecauseitisoverrunby________(mouse)andrats.mice[依据后面的rats可知，空白处要填入mouse的复数形式mice。]2．Thesystemreflectstheseasonalcharacteristicsofannualnatural________(phenomenon)andfarmingactivities.phenomena[依据后面的activities可知，空白处要填入phenomenon的复数形式phenomena。]3．Policewerereportedtohaveseizedall________(copy)ofthismorning'seditionofthenewspaper.copies[依据句意可知，空白处要填入copy的复数形式copies。]4．Herehesat,withhispipebetweenhis________(tooth)andbothhandsrestingonhisknees.teeth[依据句意可知，空白处要填入tooth的复数形式teeth。]5．Barbershopshavebeenopenedinmostbighotelsinforeigncountries；guestscangotothe________(barber)tohaveahaircutdirectly.barber's[句意：国外大部分大的酒店都有理发店，客人可以干脆去那里理发。thebarber's指“理发店”，故填barber's。]6．It'saboutan________(hour)drivefromourschooltothecitycenter,butittakesmoretimeattheweekend.hour's[一个小时的车程“anhour'sdrive”。]7．Onhis________(twelve)birthday,Philipdecidedtogiveupeatingmeat.“Idon'tthinkit'srighttoeatanimals，”hesaid.twelfth[考查序数词。第十二个生日“twelfthbirthday”。]8．Nextseasonwillbemy________(nine)inLiverpoolandIstillhaveoneyearleftonmycurrentcontract.ninth[考查序数词。我的第9赛季“myninth(season)”。]9．Ifaregularbuscanholddozensofpeople,imaginewhatabus________(two)thesizecanhold!twice[考查数词。“想象一下两倍于它大小的一辆公交车能容纳多少人！”表两倍大为twicethesize。]Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.________player→players[全部的足球队员，应用复数players。]2．Sunlightpassesthroughtheatmosphereandthenreflectsofftheearthsurfaceintheformofheat.________earth→earth's[地球的表面“theearth'ssurface”。]3．Afteramomenthesitation,theyoungmanreachedouthishandtogreetthestranger.________moment→moment's[一会儿的迟疑“amoment'shesitation”。]4．LastwinterIwenttoZhangjiakou，whereIhadlotsoffunsskiingintherockymountains.________funs→fun[fun是不行数名词，没有复数形式。]5．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Then，whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.________five→fifth[五年级“thefifthgrade”。]6．ItcostsMr.Blackfivethousandsdollarsayeartomaintainthishouse.________thousands→thousand[thousand表示详细数字时，不能用复数形式。]Ⅰ.语法填空Lastweek,insupportofthebattleagainstCOVID­19(新冠肺炎)inWuhan,myclassmatesandIstartedacampaignnamed“LuckyMoneyPlan”，1．________turnedouttobeworthwhileand2．________(benefit).LearningthattheprotectiveequipmentwasbadlyneededfromTV,Iwasdeterminedtotake3．________(measure)todealwiththisworryingsituation.Aftercarefulconsideration,agoodideahitmethatIcouldraisesomemoney4．________(buy)medicalsuppliesforWuhan.Withoutdelay,Ipostedmyadvocating(支持)letterontheschoolwebsite，5．________(call)onallmyfellowstotakeanactivepartinit.Much6．________mysurprise,allofthemshowedgreatinterestanddonatedalltheirluckymoney.IorderedalotofmedicalnecessitiesontheInternet,andtheseitems7．________(deliver)toWuhandirectly.Afewdayslater,Ireceivedatelephonecallfromthehospital.Thedoctorspokehighlyof8．________wehaddone,sayingour9．________(kind)andoursupportstrengthenedtheirdeterminationtowipeoutthevirus.Hearingthesewords,Ifelt10．________(extreme)excitedandproud.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者为了支持武汉抗击新冠肺炎，和同学们开展了“压岁钱安排”活动，用筹集的压岁钱购买医疗必需品运往武汉。作者为自己的所作所为感到骄傲。1．which[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，句子主干是myclassmatesandIstartedacampaign，句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是LuckyMoneyPlan，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导，故填which。]2．beneficial[考查形容词。和and前的worthwhile并列，在句中作表语用形容词，故填beneficial。]3．measures[考查名词复数。measure表示“措施”时用复数形式，“实行措施”是takemeasures，故填measures。]4．tobuy[考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语。]5．calling[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词posted，此处用非谓语动词。句中主语I和动词call是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填calling。]6．to[考查介词。表示“令某人惊讶的是”是固定短语toone'ssurprise，故填to。]7．weredelivered[考查时态语态。依据Lastweek和全文时态可知用一般过去时，句中主语theseitems和动词deliver是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，与主语一样，故填weredelivered。]8．what[考查宾语从句。句意：医生高度赞扬了我们所做的事。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what引导，故填what。]9．kindness[考查名词。此处作say的宾语，且由our修饰用名词。故填kindness。]10．extremely[考查副词。此处表示“特别兴奋”，修饰形容词excited和proud用副词，故填extremely。]Ⅱ.短文改错(2024·广西柳州市高三上学期英语摸底考试)Tenyearsago,myhometownisasmallandpoorcitywithfewfactories.Andthecitizenshadfewchoiceontran