05 科普知识-2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科普知识来源题型主要内容12024·江苏无锡·中考真题阅读理解介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。22024·山东东营·中考真题阅读理解介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。32024·广东·中考真题阅读理解本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。42024·云南·中考真题阅读理解介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。52024·河南·中考真题阅读理解介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。62024·天津·中考真题阅读理解介绍了盐从哪里来的。72024·福建·中考真题阅读理解介绍了了解海洋的重要性。82024·天津·中考真题短文填空介绍“穴居人”的生活。92024·重庆·中考真题短文填空介绍了充足睡眠的重要性。102024·湖南长沙·中考真题短文填空介绍人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果这一习俗及背后的意义。01（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）AtheoryofemotionTwoscientistscalledStanleySchachterandJeromeSingerdevelopedthetwo-factortheoryofemotionin1962.Theysaidthatemotionsareformedintwoparts.First,thebodyhasaphysicalresponsetoathreatandthenthemindconsidersthephysicalresponseasanemotion,whichisthenfeltbytheperson.Forexample,imagineyouarewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingitwouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheartbeatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.Yourmindthendecidesthatthisisfear,whichyoufeelasanemotion.Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing(lettingtheangryemotionsout)butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.ThestudywaspublishedinMarchbySophieKjaervikandBradBushmanfromOhioStateUniversityintheUS.Theywantedtoexplorethepopulartheorythatventing(expressing)angerisagoodwayofreducingit.Examplesofventingangerincludeshoutingorhittingsomethinglikeacushion,sothatyouletgooftheemotionandthereforedon’tfeelitanymore.Thepairlookedat154otherstudiesonanger.Theseinvolved10,189people,andincludedavarietyofagesandbackgrounds.Intheirstudy,KjaervikandBushmandefineangeras“anemotionalresponse(反应)toarealorimaginedthreat(威胁)”.Theyusedatheoryofemotion(情绪假说)thatsaysemotionsarepartlyfeltinyourbodyandpartlyinyourmind.Thescientistslookedattheotherstudiestoseehowdifferentactivitiesinfluencedanger.Theyfoundthatactivitiessuchasrunningorboxing—whichareoftenthoughttobegoodfordealingwithanger—weren’tverygoodatreducingit.Infact,someoftheseactivitiesactuallymadeitworsebecausetheyincreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodythatarelinkedtofeelingangry.Forexample,theymadepeople’sheartsbeatfaster.However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelptoreducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,meditationandyoga.Bushmansaysactivitiesthatincreasephysicalresponsesmaybegoodforhearthealthbutare“definitelynotthebestwaytoreduceanger”.Theteamfoundjoggingwasmostlikelytoincreaseanger.However,someheart-rateincreasingactivities—likeballgamesandteamsports—couldreduceanger.1．Whatisthemainfindingofthenewstudy?A．Anewmethodofventinganger. B．Anewmethodofreducinganger.C．Goodactivitiestoventanger. D．Goodactivitiestoreduceanger.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutcalmingactivities?A．Theycanreducefeelingsofanger. B．Theycanincreasetheheartrate.C．Theyaregoodformindhealth. D．Theyaregoodforhearthealth.3．AccordingtoSchachterandSinger’stheory,whathappensfirstifyouseeasnakeandfeelafraid?A．Yougetthefeelingoffear. B．Yougetthefeelingofcalm.C．Yourheartbeatsfast. D．Yourheartbeatsslowly.4．Thefollowingsentencecanbestbeputattheendof________.Theythinkthisshowsthatfunorplayfulactivitieshelptoreducenegativefeelings.A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph2 C．Paragraph3 D．Paragraph402（2024·山东东营·中考真题）We’veallseenpicturesofcamelscarryingheavyloads(负载物)acrossthesandydesert.Theywalkwithoutstoppingforfoodorwaterforseveraldays.Haveyoueverwonderedhowtheydoit?Foryouranswer,takealookatthebagroundhumpwhichisonacamel’sback.Camelsaretheonlyanimalswithhumps.Andit’sthehumpthatgivescamelstheamazingabilitytogoforlongperiodsoftimewithoutfoodorwater.Thehumpislikeasparecupboard(备用食物柜)wherethecamelstores(储存)foodandwaterfordayswhenthereisnothingtoeatordrink.Whenlifeisgood,andthereisplentytoeatanddrink,acamel’shumpcangrowtoasbigas40kilograms.Thefoodischangedintofat(脂防)andstoredinthecamel’sbump.Whenthereisnothingtoeatordrink,camelsbegintousethestoredfatintheirhumps.That’swhytheycancontinuetoliveforweekswithoutfoodandupto10dayswithoutwater.Camelsarelikesponges.Theycantakeinmorethan130litresofwaterinoneshortdrink.Inonlyafewminutes,allofthiswatergoesdirectlytothecamel’sbloodcells(组胞).Camelssavewatertoo.Theyneverknowwhenthey’llfindthenextwateringhole.Astheybreatheout,theirnosesclosequickly.Thewaterinthebreathstaysintheirbodies.Afteralongtrekacrossthedesertcarrying100kilogramsormore,acamelcanloseupto150kilogramsofweight.Thecamel’shumpwillbecomeverysmall.Assoonasthiscamelgetstoanoasis(绿洲),itwilltakeinhundredsoflitresofwater.Inaday,itwillgetbackmostofitsweight.Naturereallyhasgivencamelstheperfectsystemforlivingtheharddesertlife.5．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theshapeofthehump. B．Thehabitofthecamel.C．Thefunction(功能)ofthehump. D．Theabilityofthecamel6．WhichisTRUEaboutthehump?A．Thehumpstoresdifferentkindsoffood.B．Thehumpalwaysstaysthesamesize.C．Thehumpcanstoremorethan130litreswater.D．Theweightofthehumpdependsoneatingconditions.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sponges”mean?A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管8．Whydocsthewriterusesomenumbersinthispassage?A．Toexplainthefactsmoreclearly.B．Toexpresstheideasmorepolitely.C．Tomakethearticlemoreeducational.D．Tomakethelanguagemorebeautiful.9．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?A．Camelshavesomeamazingabilities.B．Camelsaregoodhelpersfordesertpeople.C．Camelshaveagreatqualityofneverwastingwater.D．Camelshaveaperfectsystemforlivinginthedesert.03（2024·广东·中考真题）Peopleknowanimalsdohavefeelings,buttheyarenotsureifthesefeelingsarecorrectlyunderstood.Inrecentyears,scientistshavedoneresearchaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandas.▲Itsaysthathumanscantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls.Theresearchersputabowlbehindadoor.Insidethebowl,sometimes,therewassomethingchickenslovetoeat,suchasriceorinsects.Sometimes,therewasnothing.Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindthedoor,theyseemedhappyandproducedfastandloudsounds,knownasfoodcalls.Whentherewasn’tfood,thechickensmadelowandlongnoisestoexpressdisappointment.Theresearchersrecordedallthesesoundsandstudiedtheirwaves.Thentheresearcherschose16recordingsofsuchchickennoises.Halfwerefromthechickensseeingthefoodandhalfwerefromthechickensfindingnofood.Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers.Sixty-ninepercentofthevolunteerscorrectlyunderstoodwhetherthechickenswerefeelinghappyornot,andsomeofthemevenhadnoexperienceoftakingcareofchickens.Theresultshowsthathumanshavethenaturalabilitytounderstandthefeelingsofchickens.Hopefully,thisfindingcanbringaboutnewtechnologytohelpwithchicken-raising,abigindustryinmanycountries.Somescientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens’feelings.Thisisgoodnewsforfarmerswhowanttomakethebirdshappierandhealthier.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin“________”inParagraph1?A．Humansmaynotlikeanimals. B．Scientistsknownothingaboutit.C．Nobodyknowswhythishappens. D．Anewstudyaddschickenstothelist.11．Whichismostprobablythesoundwaveofahappycallbyachicken?A． B． C． D．12．Howdidthevolunteershelpwiththeresearch?A．Bylisteningtothechickencalls. B．Bytakingcareofthechickens.C．Byfindingfoodforthechickens. D．Bymakingthechickenshappy.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“identify”meaninParagraph4?A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt.14．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Chickens’FoodCalls B．HappyChickens,SadChickensC．Farmers’BestChoice D．SmartFarmers,HealthyFarmers04（2024·云南·中考真题）Allaroundtheworld,buildingsaregoinggreen!Peoplearemakinggreenbuildings.Whatdoesitmeantogogreenortomakeagreenbuilding?Agreenbuildingisdesigned(设计)inawaythatisnotharmfultotheenvironment.Thebuildingusesenergy,water,andothermaterialsinwaysthataregoodfortheenvironment.Whenplanninggreenbuildings,architects(建筑师)mustthinkabouthowtouseenergy,water,andmaterialsinanenvironment-friendlyway.Therearemanywaystosaveenergy.Architectscandesignbuildingstousenaturallight.Buildingscanalsobemadewithsolarorwindpowertogetenergyfromthesunorthewind.Tosavewater,greenbuildingscanhaveareasontheroofstocollectrainwater.Kitchensandbathroomscanhavesinks(洗池)andtoilets(马桶)thatconservewater.Asforthematerialsusedtobuildthebuilding,itisimportanttousematerialsthatdonothavechemicalsthatareharmfultotheairorwater.Recycledmaterialscanalsobeusedforbuildings.Buildingsaroundtheworlduseallthreeofthesewaystogogreen.AnofficebuildingcalledCH2inMelbourne,Australia,useswindandsolarpower.AculturalcenterinLondon,England,ismadefromrecycledtraincarsandispoweredbysolarandwindpower.TheAcademyofSciencesbuildinginCaliforniaintheU.S.hasrecycledmaterials,solarenergy,andahuge“livingroof”ofplants.AtempleinThailandismadeoutofonemillionrecycledglassbottles!Thisisagooduseofrecycledmaterial,anditalsoletsnaturallightintothetemple.Moreandmoregreenbuildingsarebeingbuiltandtheyaremakingtheworldabetterplace!15．Whatdoweknowaboutagreenbuilding?A．Itisusuallypaintedgreenoutside. B．Itusesmorematerialsthanotherbuildings.C．Itisdesignedbyfamousarchitects. D．Itisbuiltinanenvironment-friendlyway.16．Whydoarchitectsdesignbuildingstousenaturallight?A．Tosaveenergy. B．Tosavematerials.C．Toprotecttheplants. D．Toprotectthebuildings.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conserve”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce.18．Howdoesthewritersupportthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Byaskingquestions. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bylistingnumbers. D．Byexplainingreasons.19．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DesigningBuildings B．GoingGreenC．RecyclingMaterials D．UsingEnergy05（2024·河南·中考真题）Anoldsayingusedforforecasting(预测)theweathersays,“Redskyatnight,sailors’delight.Redskyinthemorning,sailors(水手)takewarning.”Isthesayingtrue?Itturnsoutthatitis.Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbecoming.Forecastingtheweatherhasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears.Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors.Theyusedsignsinnaturetoforecasttheweather.Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).Theyusescientificinstrumentstostudyweatherconditionsaroundtheworldandmakeforecasts.Pilots,farmersandmanyotherpeopledependontheseforecasts.Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatheriscoming.Ifyouarelookingforsomesignsoftheweather,payattentiontonature.Therearetwobasicrulesusedinweatherforecasting:Weathergenerallymovesfromwesttoeast,andlowairpressure(压力)usuallymeansrainorsnow.Sopayattentiontothesigns.Ifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise,thesunisontheway.Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.Whataretheantsdoing?Aretheymovingtohigherground?Thiscouldmeanadropinairpressure.Arethebirdsflyingloworhigh?Fallingairpressuremayinfluencebirds’ears,sotheyflylow.Andiftheskyisredatsunset,youmightplanapicnicforthenextday!根据材料内容选择最佳答案。20．Whatistheoldsayingabout?A．Thebeautyofsunrise. B．Thenightsky.C．Thesignsoftheweather. D．Thesailors’work.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meteorologists”mean?A．ThepersonswhogivedailyweatherreportsonTV.B．Thepersonswhocarryoutresearchonnaturalhistory.C．Thepersonswhotakeaninterestinplantsandanimals.D．Thepersonswhodoscientificstudiesofweatherconditions.22．HowdoesthewriterdevelophisideainParagraph2?A．Bylistingthereasonsforterribleweather.B．Bytellingatruestoryaboutweatherforecasting.C．Byintroducingdifferentwaysofforecastingtheweather.D．Bymentioningthedifficultiesinforecastingtheweather.23．Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．It’llbesunnyifantsmovetohigherplaces.B．Thesmellsofflowersarestrongerinwetair.C．Birdsflyhigherbecauseofthelowairpressure.D．It’llrainifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise.24．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toencouragepeopletogetclosetonature.B．Toexpresstheneedforweatherforecasting.C．Toexplainnaturecantellusabouttheweather.D．Todiscusshowimportantweatherforecastingis.06（2024·天津·中考真题）Salthasalwaysbeenimportanttopeople.Inthepast,itwasasvaluableasgold.Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks.Inotherplaces,peoplegotsaltfromthesea.Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup(耗尽).Thenpeoplecouldgetsalt.Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea.Butmostsaltcomesfromsaltmines(矿)andsaltwells(井).Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwopipes(管子)intotheground.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltinsaltwells.Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.Peopleonceworkedhardtofindandmakesalt.Now,peoplecanbuyitatanyfoodstore.25．Someearlypeoplegotsaltfrom________.A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks26．Whydidpeopleputseawaterinthesun?A．Togetsalt. B．Tocatchfish.C．Towashclothes. D．Towatercrops.27．Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?A．Bymixingsandwithgold. B．Bydiggingdeepintotheground.C．Byputtingoilonrocks. D．Bythrowingstonesintothesea.28．Whatistherightorderofgettingsaltfromsaltwells?a.Thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.b.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.c.Thesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c29．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．whodiscoveredsalt B．whenwemadesaltC．wheresaltcomesfrom D．howmuchsaltweneed07（2024·福建·中考真题）Thoughoceanscoverabout71percentoftheearth’ssurface,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem.Onlyabout20percentoftheseafloorhasbeenmapped,andtheremaining80percentisstillasecrettous.Somescientistseventhinkthat91percentofseaanimalshaveyettobediscovered.Sowhydoweknowsolittleaboutthedeepsea?Well,gettingtothosedepthsisverydifficultandrequireshightechnologythatsimplydidn’tcomeintobeingformostofhumanhistory.Thefirstnavigablesubmarine(可驾驶的潜水艇),forexample,wasbuiltin1620,anditcouldn’tgomorethanfivemetersbelowthesurface.Infact,foralongtimemanyscientistsdidn’teventhinkthattherecouldbeanylifeatdepthsgreaterthan550metersanddidn’tseemuchneedtoexplore(探索)thedeepsea.However,thischangedin1862whenlifewasdiscoveredasfardownas945metersbelowsealevelwiththehelpofadiggingmachine.Tenyearslater,around4,700species(物种)unknownbeforefromtheoceanfloorwerediscovered.Sincethen,hightechnologyhasbeendevelopedtohelpexplorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.Butwhyisdeep-seaexplorationstillsodifficult?Well,atgreaterdepthsitisfreezing(极冷的),everythingiscompletelydark,andthepressurecanbeover1,000timesgreaterthanthatonthesurface.Thoughwehavethedifficulties,it’simportantthatweunderstandtheseas.Theyhelpcontroltheearth’stemperatureandproducehalfoftheoxygen(O2)intheair.Theycanalsoprovideuswithinformationaboutclimatechange.Ourfuturedependsonlearningmoreaboutouroceans,anditispossibleforustoreallyunderstandwhatisongoingbelowthesurface.30．WhyaresomenumberslistedinParagraph1?A．Tointroducehowimportantoceansare.B．Todiscusswhyseaanimalshaveyettobefoundout.C．Toexplainthatoceanscoveralargeareaoftheearth.D．Toshowthatwehaveonlyalittleunderstandingofoceans.31．Whatcausedthechangeofexplorationintothedeepsea?A．Hightechnology. B．Unknownspecies.C．Apleasantenvironment. D．Valuableinformation.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Seaanimals. B．Theseas. C．Thesatellites. D．Manyscientists.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Itisdifficulttobuildanavigablesubmarine. B．Theseashaveastronginfluenceonourfuture.C．Theseashavenolivesatadepthof550meters. D．Itiseasiertogointothedeepseathanwethink.34．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HiddenTreasuresinDeepSea B．UnlockedSecretsofDeepSeaC．Deep-SeaExploration:IntotheFreezingDepths D．Deep-SeaExploration:ThePastandtheFuture08（2024·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。Longago,theearlypeopledidnotliveinhousesaswedotoday.Mostofthehomeswereincavesorshelters(遮蔽物)whichwerebuiltintrees.These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(临时的)shelterstop35themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.Menofthattimewerecalled‘cavepeople’.These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote36forthem.Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos37forfood.Theywouldhunt,fishorpickwildfruit.Whentheycouldn’tfinda38toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.Theirtoolswereverysimple.Theyateraw(生的)foodu39theylearnthowtomakeafire.Forclothing,theyusedonlythebark(树皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc40theirbodies.However,thelivesofthe‘cavepeople’changed.Theycollectedtheseeds(种子)ofwildplantsthatg41intheforests.Soontheylearnttoplantfruit,vegetablesandothercrops.Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma42formilk,meatandskins.Theybecamef43andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.Theirgroupsbecamel44thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.Theybuilthousesaslong-lastinghomes,andasaresult,villagesandtownsdevelopedquickly.The‘cavepeople’begantobecivilized(文明的).09（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。“Doyougetenoughsleep?”Theanswerisprobablynoifyouaskatiredstudentwhoisalwaystakinganap(小睡)onaclassroomdesk.“Icouldn’tgettosleepandexperiencedarestlessnightagain.”Youmayoftenhearsuchwordsfromanadult.Nothavingenough45isacommonproblemaroundtheworld.However,sleepisjustlikefoodandwatertous.46ofuscanliveifwedon’tsleepatall.Sleepexpertssaythatanadultrequires7to9hoursofsleepanightandateenagerneeds8.5to9.5hours.Anythinglesscouldbeh47toourhealth.Accordingtoastudy,sleepingonlyfivehoursanightforaweekislikehavingablood-alcohol(酒精)levelof0.1percent.Thatisabovethesafedrivinglimit(限制)inmostcountries.Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’ttakeanexamorgotoworkiftheygetdrunk.But48enoughsleep,theystilldothesethings.Asaresult,they49intheexamsorperformbadlyatwork.What’sworse,doctorsandnursesoftenworklonghours.Whentheyaresleepy,theymighthurtapatientoreven50apatient’sdeathbyaccident.51sleepissoimportant,manypeoplethesedaysarenotgettingenough.Inasurvey,twentypercentsaythatdaytimesleepinessinfluencestheirdailywork.Theyfeelithardtopayfullattentionduringtheday.However,theydon’tseemtocare.Someevenshowoffhowenergetictheycanbethenextdayjustwithlittlesleep.Itmaybetimetowakeupand52thewaywethink.Weshouldrealizethatnotsleepingenoughisaseriousproblem.10（2024·湖南长沙·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChineseNewYearisagreatcelebration.It53(mark)theendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Accordingtotradition,peopleliketogiveflowersandfruits54eachotherduringChineseNewYear,becausetheycarrymanyspecial55(meaning).Theyrepresent(象征)theearthcomingbacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings,Orchids(兰花)comeinmanycolors,butmanypeoplelikepurpleandredonesforChineseNewYear.Theyarebelieved56(represent)loveandbeauty.Orchidssay,“Wishyoutobe57(luck),successfulandhappy.”Duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Peonies(牡丹)arelikesoftcloudsinpink,redandwhite.Theyarebeautifulandcanbrightenupsomeone’sday.Redpeonies58(give)topeopletoshowloveandcare.Peoniessay,“Youarespecialtome.”Theyarealsoasymbolofwealthand59(rich).Kumquats(金橘),with60(they)goldencolor,ateasymbolofwealthandluck.TheChinesewordfor“kumquat”soundslike“goldorange”,whichconnectskumquatswithrichness.Thissmallfruittreeisoftenpresentedinpairs.Theapple,withitsbrightcolors61roundshape,representspeaceandharmony(和谐).Infact,thewordfor“apple”inChinesesoundslike“peace”.62(certain),applesmakegreatgifts.参考答案：1．D2．A3．C4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing(lettingtheangryemotionsout)butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelptoreducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,meditationandyoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据“Forexample,imagineyouarewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingitwouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheartbeatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However,someheart-rateincreasingactivities—likeballgamesandteamsports—couldreduceanger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。5．C6．D7．A8．A9．D【导语】本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。5．主旨大意题。根据“Camelsaretheonlyanimalswithhumps.Andit’sthehumpthatgivescamelstheamazingabilitytogoforlongperiodsoftimewithoutfoodorwater...”可知本段主要介绍了驼峰的功能。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据“Whenlifeisgood,andthereisplentytoeatanddrink,acamel’shumpcangrowtoasbigas40kilograms”可知当生活很好，有充足的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大，可见驼峰的重量取决于饮食条件。故选D。7．词义猜测题。根据“Camelsarelikesponges.Theycantakeinmorethan130litresofwaterinoneshortdrink”可知是像海绵一样，可以吸水，故此处划线部分意为“海绵”。故选A。8．推理判断题。根据“acamel’shumpcangrowtoasbigas40kilograms”“theycancontinuetoliveforweekswithoutfoodandupto10dayswithoutwater.”“Theycantakeinmorethan130litresofwaterinoneshortdrink”以及“Afteralongtrekacrossthedesertcarrying100kilogramsormore,acamelcanloseupto150kilogramsofweight.”可知这些数字更好地描述了骆驼的情况，即为了更准确地解释事实。故选A。9．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活，即骆驼在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系统。故选D。10．D11．D12．A13．C14．B【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。10．推理判断题。根据“Inrecentyears,scientistshavedoneresearchaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandas....Itsaysthathumanscantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D“一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单”符合语境，故选D。11．推理判断题。根据“Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindthedoor,theyseemedhappyandproducedfastandloudsounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合“快速而响亮的声音”这一描述，故选D。12．细节理解题。根据“Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。13．词句猜测题。根据“Somescientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens’feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。14．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B“快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡”符合主题，故选B。15．D16．A17．A18．B19．B【导语】本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。15．细节理解题。根据“Agreenbuildingisdesigned(设计)inawaythatisnotharmfultotheenvironment.”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。故选D。16．细节理解题。根据“Therearemanywaystosaveenergy.Architectscandesignbuildingstousenaturallight.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源，故选A。17．词句猜测题。根据“Tosavewater,greenbuildingscanhaveareasontheroofstocollectrainwater.Kitchensandbathroomscanhavesinks(洗池)andtoilets(马桶)thatconservewater.”可知，为了节约用水，绿色建筑的屋顶上可以有收集雨水的区域，厨房和浴室可以有洗池和马桶，所以是可以用洗池和马桶来节约水，划线单词表示“节约”。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“AnofficebuildingcalledCH2inMelbourne,Australia,useswindandsolarpower.AculturalcenterinLondon,England,ismadefromrecycledtraincarsandispoweredbysolarandwindpower.TheAcademyofSciencesbuildinginCaliforniaintheU.S.hasrecycledmaterials,solarenergy,andahuge‘livingroof’ofplants.AtempleinThailandismadeoutofonemillionrecycledglassbottles!”可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨，故选B。19．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以B项最适合做标题。故选B。20．C21．D22．C23．B24．C【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。20．细节理解题。根据“Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbecoming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。21．词句猜测题。根据“Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。22．细节理解题。根据“Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors....Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatheriscoming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点