北京市丰台区2016-2020年五年高考一模英语试题汇编-七选五专题

PAGEPAGE2北京市丰台区2016-2020年五年高考一模英语试题汇编-七选五专题2020年北京市丰台区一模试题英语第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forseriousbirderswhoregularlyobservebirdsinthewild,ignoringclimatechangeisn’tpossible.Wehavebeenseeinganddocumentingtheeffectsofawarmingclimatesinceatleastthe1950s.46Glossyblackgreat-tailedgrackles(美洲黑羽椋鸟),forexample,previouslyfoundprimarilyinthetropics(热带),firstreachedsoutheasternCaliforniain1964.Theyarenowfoundthroughoutmostofthestate.NewresearchfromtheNationalAudubonSocietyhighlightsthedangersofthetrend.Foritsnewreport,“SurvivalbyDegrees,”Audubonscientistsanalyzedthecurrentgeographicrangesof604NorthAmericanbirdspecies,andmodeledhowthoserangeswouldchangeatdifferentlevelsofwarming.AtaglobaltemperatureriseofthreedegreesCelsius,theyfoundthat389ofthosespecies—ornearlytwo-thirdsofthosestudied—wouldbecomeendangered,losingmuchoftheircurrenthabitat.47Whydoesthismattertoanyonewho’snotabirdwatcher?Foronething,birdsplayacrucialroleintheecology,keepingdowninsectpopulationsandservingasfoodthemselvesforlargerpredators(食肉动物).48Theirshiftingrangeswarnofincreasingdroughts,floods,fires,risingseasandunlivablecities.49Audubonscientistsmodeledwhatwouldhappenatlesserlevelsofwarming,andtheresultsarestriking.Limitingwarmingto1.5degreeswouldreducethedangerforthree-quartersofthosethreatenedbirds.Audubon’sreport“SurvivalbyDegrees”isnotadepressingforecastbutratheracalltoaction.Itstressestheneedforactionateverylevel,byindividualsandgovernmentsalike,toreducegreenhousegasemissions.Asalifelongbirder,I’mproudoftherolemytribehasplayedindocumentingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Whenlocalconditionschange,particulartypesoffrogsorwildflowersmaydecreaseanddisappear,fewwillnotice.50Ihopepeoplecanpaycloseattentiontotheurgentmessageinthisnewreportandworktogetherforsolutions.Birdstelluswedon’thavetimetowait.A.Westillhavetimetodosomethingaboutit,however.B.Buttheyalsoserveasavisiblesymbolofbroaderenvironmentalshifts.C.Thiswouldgreatlybenefithumans,reducingthepotentialsufferingforpeople.DE.Inrecentdecades,thathasmeantaconsistentnorthwardshiftinwherespeciesarefound.F.Thechangeswillmakebirdingexciting,withbirdersfindingnewspeciesinunexpectedplaces.G.Evenifsomecouldshifttheirrangenorthward,theywouldsoonstarttorunoutofroomonthemap.【答案】46.E 47. G 48.B 49.A 50.D2019年北京市丰台区一模试题英语第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Empathyistheabilitytoimaginewhatitmustbelikeinsomeoneelse’ssituation.Itisanessentialpartofwhatitmeanstobehuman,totheextentthatwearesuspiciousofanyonewhodoesnotshowempathyintheirbehavior.___46___Wereadnovels,watchtelevisionandgotothetheatre,andpartofourenjoymentcomesfromunderstandingthedilemmafacedbythecharactersbecauseweknowhowwewouldfeelifwewereinthesamesituation.___47___Onestudyhasshownanimalsdisplayingempathytowardsotheranimalsandtowardshumans.Creaturesfromacrosstheanimalkingdomsuchasbeesandwhales,aswellasdomesticpets,displaybehaviorthatsuggeststheycooperatewithandprotecteachother.Inanotherstudy,psychiatristJulesMassermanandhisteamconductedanexperimentwithmonkeysinwhichthemonkeyspulledoneoftwochainsthatreleasedfood.Onechainsimplyreleasedthefood,whileanothergaveanelectricshocktoasecondmonkey.Thefirstmonkeystoppedpullingthechainthatdeliveredtheshock.____48____Thisempatheticbehaviorwasobservedinanumberofmonkeys.Theoriginofempathyisprobablytheneedfortheyoungofallanimalspeciestobecaredfor.Theycommunicatethisrequirementbycryingforattentionandtoshowpain.Bothhumanandnon-humanyoungweremorelikelytosurviveiftheirparentsreactedpositivelytotheirneeds.Peopleandanimalsalikearesocialbeingsandaremorelikelytoworktogether.____49____Ifwehelpothers,wearealsohelpingourselvesandsoempathyissensibleandrealistic.Wedon’talwaysdisplayempathy,however.Justasanimalsreactaggressivelytounknowncreaturesfromtheirownorotherspecies,humanstendtoregardpeopletheydon’tknowwithsuspicion.____50____Ourunwillingnesstotrustanyoneunfamiliarisasnaturaltousasourempathytowardsthoseweknowandlove.A.Tofeelempathyisnotrestrictedtoreallife.B.Youcanempathizewithsomeonewithoutfeelingsympathyforthem.C.Thisfearofstrangerswill,webelieve,protectusfrompersonaldanger.D.Itseemedtobewillingtogohungryratherthanseeafellowanimalsuffer.E.However,itseemsthatinfactempathymaynotbeaqualityuniquetohumans.F.Empathyplaysaroleinthatasitallowsustounderstandourfellowhumansbetter.G.It’scertainlydifficulttounderstandananimal’sintentionbehindanemphaticresponse.【答案】46.A47.E48.D49.F50.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是关于“同理心”。同理心是一种想象他人处境的能力。这是人性的一个重要组成部分，以至于我们对任何在行为中没有表现出同理心的人都持怀疑态度。【46题详解】该空位于句首，引出下文。下文提示“我们读小说，看电视，去剧院，我们的部分乐趣来自于理解角色所面临的困境，因为我们知道如果我们处于相同的处境，我们会有什么感觉。”承接下文，A项Tofeelempathyisnotrestrictedtoreallife.（感同身受并不局限于现实生活。）切题。故选A。【47题详解】下文提示“一项研究表明，动物对其他动物和人类表现出同理心。”承接下文，E.However,itseemsthatinfactempathymaynotbeaqualityuniquetohumans.（然而，似乎同理心并不是人类独有的一种品质。）切题。上段说的是关于“人类的感同身受”，该项中的However“然而”与上段构成“转折关系”，并引出下文。故选E。【48题详解】上文提示“第一只猴子停了下来。”再根据下文提示“这种移情行为在许多猴子身上都观察到了。”承接上下文，D项Itseemedtobewillingtogohungryratherthanseeafellowanimalsuffer.（它似乎宁愿挨饿也不愿看到同伴受苦。）切题。故选D。【49题详解】上文提示“人和动物一样都是社会性动物，更有可能在一起工作。”再根据下文提示“如果我们帮助别人，我们也在帮助自己，所以同理心是明智和现实的。”承接上下文，F项Empathyplaysaroleinthatasitallowsustounderstandourfellowhumansbetter.（同理心在其中扮演了一个角色，因为它让我们更好地理解我们的人类同胞。）切题。故选F。【50题详解】上文提示“正如动物对来自它们自己或其他物种的未知生物的攻击性反应一样，人类倾向于用怀疑的眼光看待他们不认识的人。”再根据下文“我们不愿意相信任何不熟悉的人，这对我们来说很自然，就像我们对认识和爱的人产生同理心一样。”承接上下文，C项Thisfearofstrangerswill,webelieve,protectusfrompersonaldanger.（我们相信，这种对陌生人的恐惧会保护我们免受人身危险。）切题。故选C。2018年北京市丰台区一模试题英语第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PeopleArePeople.51Andoursocietyhaslatelyemphasizedtheimportanceofdiversity.52Takethefollowingoldproverbsforexample.“Honestyisthefirstchapterinthebookofwisdom.”ThomasJefferson,AmericanPresident“Onefalsehoodspoilsathousandtruths.”Africanproverb“Behonesttothosewhoarehonest,andbealsohonesttothosewhoarenothonest.”LaoTzu,Chinesephilosopher“Asacrificeiswrittenoffbyalieandthemeritofdevotionbyanactofcheat.”Hindusaying53Thereseemstobeasortofculturalunity.Wedon’twishtoimplyallculturesarethesame.Culturaldiversityisreal,andpeoplefromdifferentculturesviewmanysituationsindifferentways.However,historically,differentculturesseemtosharemanycommonvalues.Theyarejustice,entlevelsofimportanceonthem.54

Butbothculturesmaystillvalueboth.Tous,itseemsasifthereissomesortofcodeofrightandwrongthateveryoneeverywhereseemstounderstand,regardlessofculture.Itisalmostasif,behindallofthediversity,onefindsacommonunderstanding—ahumanculture,ifyouwill—thatgoesbeyondracial,social,andpoliticalboundaries.55A.Eachvaluesupportsmanymorequotesfromdifferentcultures.B.Asculturesrubshoulderswitheachother,manydifferencesstandout.C.Thesequotesfromfourseparateculturesallsupportthesamevalue—honesty.D.Inotherwords,oneculturemayleanmoretowardjusticeandanotherculturemoretowardmercy.E.Itisalmostasif,despiteallourdifferences,weareallstillthesame—wearejustpeople.F.Wewanttoshow,however,thatthereismoretotheseculturesthandiversity.G.Allpeopleseemtoagreethatweshouldtellthetruth.【答案】51.B 52. F 53.C 54.D 55.E2017年北京市丰台区一模试题英语第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ACanineReadingBuddyDogsandpeoplehavedevelopedaspecialbondovertime.Recently,however,somedogshavetakenadifferentroleinpeople’slives—therapydogs.71Sometherapydogsvisitpatientsinhospitalsornursinghomes,whileothersvisitchildreninschoolsandlibraries.Theyaretheretohelpchildrenbecomebetterreaders.Readingprogramsthatusetherapydogshavebeeninexistenceformorethantenyears.Alltherapydogsofthisprogramareregisteredwithanorganizationthatteststhedogstomakesuretheyhavetherightpersonalityforthejob.Boththedogsandthehandlersarevolunteerswiththereadingprogram.Atthestartofareadingtherapysession,achildandadogareintroduced.Thepairisallowedtosettledowninaquietcornertogether.73Anadulthandlerstaysnearbybutgenerallyletsthedogperformitsjobwithoutinterfering(干涉).Sometimes,ahandlermayaskaquestionthatencouragesthechildtoworkwiththedogtohelpthechildfeelmorecomfortable.Noteverychildwillbeabletobepartofareadingtherapyprogramthatusesdogs.Afewchildrenmightbeallergictodogsorafraidofthem;somechildrenmighthaveculturaltraditionsthatpreventthemfromtouchingadog.74Readingtherapyprogramsinspirelearningandchange.75Theyspendtimewithhumanfriends.Fordogsthatlovehumancompanionshiopandaquietplacetorest,beingpartofareadingtherapyprogramcanbeagreatwaytospendafewhourseachday.Thereadersbenefittoo,gainingconfidenceandlearningthatreadingaloudcanbearelaxingexperience.A.Howdothetherapydogsbenefitfromit?B.Buttherapyanimalsalsoserveinmanyotherareas.C.Asthechildreads,thedogusuallyliesquietlyandlistens.D.Whenreadingtoananimal,somechildrenmaybecomerelaxed.E.Inthesecircumstances,otheranimalsareavailable,suchascatsandparrots.F.G.Adog’shandleralsotakesaclassandmustpassatesttoworkinthetherapyprogram.【答案】71.F 72.G 73.C 74.E 75.A2016年北京市丰台区一模试题英语第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。RhythmofLifeChoosingtherighttimetosleep,thecorrectmomenttomakedecisions,thebesthourtoeat—andevengointohospital—couldbeyourkeytoperfecthealth.Centuriesaftermandiscoveredtherhythms(节奏、韵律)oftheplanetsandthecyclesofcrops,scientistshavelearnedthatwetoolivebypreciserhythmsthatgoverneverythingfromourbasicbodilyfunctionstomentalskills.Manisaprisoneroftime.Butit’snotjusttheexpertswhoareswitchingontothewayourbodieswork.71PrinceCharlesconsultsachartwhichtellshimwhenhewillbeathispeakonaphysical,emotionalandintellectuallevel.BoxerFrankBrunoisanotherwhochartshisbio-rhythmstoplanforbigfights.72Sleep,bloodpressure,hormonelevelsandheartbeatallfollowtheirownclocks,whichmaybearonlyslightrelationtoourman-made24-hourcycle.Researchshowsthatinlaboratoryexperimentswhensocialsignalsand,mostimportantly,lightindicatorssuchasdawnaretakenaway,peoplelosetouchwiththe24-hourclockandsleepingpatternschange.Temperatureandheartbeatcycleslengthenandsettleinto“days”lastingabout25hours.Intherealworld,lightanddarkkeepadjustinginternalclocktothe24-hourday.Butthebestindicatorofperforma