备战2025届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题15时文热点含解析

专题15时文热点【美文阅读1】导读：雨后的彩虹色调斑斓，就似乎年少时我们心中那些美妙的希望和幻想。从某种意义上来讲，每个人都须要自己的＂彩虹＂来照亮人生之路。WhereMyRainbowHasGone?Whenyouarelittle,thewholeworldfeelslikeabigplayground.IwaslivinginConyers,Georgiathesummeritallhappened.Iwasasecondgrader,butmybestfriendStephaniewasonlyinthefirstgrade.Bothofourparentswereatworkandmostofthetimetheyletusgoourownway.ItwasahotafternoonandwedecidedtohaveanadventureinStephanie’sbasement.①AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.Irandownstairs,andspottedaredsteelcan.Itwaspaint.Ilookedbeyonditandtherelayevenmorepaintinbrightcolorslikepurple,orange,blueandgreen.＂Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.＂ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereontheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbitstripesofcolorsacrossthepavement.Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!Thesunwasstartingtosink.Isawacar②inthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecar③pulledslowlyintothedrivewayandfromthelookonmymother’sface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.④Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,＂Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighbors’trees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!＂Istoodthere⑤glaringbackatherforaminute,angrybecauseshehadinsultedmyart.＂Nowgocleanitup!＂MotherandIbegancleaningtheroad.TearsrandownmycheeksasIsawmybeautifulrainbowturnintoblackcement.Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.我的＂彩虹＂去了哪里？小时候，整个世界就像一个大操场。故事发生的那年夏天，我住在佐治亚州的康耶斯。当时我读二年级，我的好挚友斯蒂芬妮刚上一年级。我们的父母都要工作，因而大多数时间他们都是让我们自己去学校。那是一个燥热的午后，我们确定在斯蒂芬妮家的地下室玩一个冒险的嬉戏。当我打开地下室的门，出现在我们面前的是一个大大的房间，里面装满了奇异的东西，诸如枪、娃娃和旧衣服等。我跑下楼梯，看到一个红色的金属罐，罐子里面是涂料。我顺着它望过去，那儿还有很多亮色的涂料，像紫色、橙色、蓝色和绿色等。＂斯蒂芬妮，今日我们有事可做了！拿些刷子来！我们起先粉刷吧！＂听着我的隐私安排，她兴奋地尖叫着，我们立刻开工了。我们把全部能找到的刷子都拿出来，然后把涂料搬到我家的院子里。在我家房前的公路上，我们起先画彩色的斑马线。一条又一条，那些色调汇成了一道漂亮的＂彩虹＂。真是太棒了！夕阳西沉，我看到有一辆汽车从远处驶来。认出那是我妈妈的车后，我一跃而起。我迫不及待地想向妈妈展示我的杰作。汽车渐渐进入了车道，看到妈妈的脸色，我知道自己要有大麻烦了。妈妈关好车门，向我走来。她怒视着我，喊道：＂你原委在想些什么？你用树叶做城堡，你爬邻居家的树，这些我都理解。但是今日，你又在家里瞎折腾！＂我站起来，生气地回视着她，因为她羞辱了我的作品。＂现在把这里弄干净！＂妈妈和我起先清洗公路。眼看着漂亮的＂彩虹＂变成了黑黢黢的水泥地，眼泪顺着我的脸颊流淌下来。尽管这件事过去很多年了，我依旧想知道我的＂彩虹＂去了哪里。我想知道，假如我再长大些，我是否可以找到它，再也不必把它擦去？我想我们都时常须要某种意义上的＂彩虹＂来照亮我们的人生，让我们的希望和幻想丰富多彩。重点单词:1.pavement['peɪvm(ə)nt]n.人行道2.stripe[straɪp]n.条纹3.masterpiece['mɑːstəpiːs]n.杰作4.insult[ɪn'sʌlt]vt.羞辱5.cement[sɪ'ment]n.水泥重点短语/亮点句式：1.AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.当我打开地下室的门，出现在我们面前的是一个大大的房间，里面装满了奇异的东西，诸如枪、娃娃和旧衣服等。这是一个主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句，其后的主句由于表示方位的介词短语位于句首，运用了倒装语序。如：Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.从山谷传来吓人的声音。Southofthecityliesachemicalfactory.城南有一家化工厂。2.inthedistance在远处。如：Thesoundofthecardiedawayinthedistance.小轿车发出的噪音消逝在远处。3.pullinto（车）进站。如：OurtrainpulledintoBeijingStationontime.我们的火车准点开进北京车站。4.Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,＂…＂她怒视着我，喊道：＂……＂本句运用了现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。hereyes和glare之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Hesatinfrontofthem,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.他坐在他们面前，满是灰尘的脸掩盖了他的真实年龄。5.glareat怒视。如：Don'tglareatyourteacherlikethat.Youdeservedthescolding.别那么瞪眼望着老师，你该被骂的。名句背诵：Progressistheactivityoftodayandtheassuranceoftomorrow.（RalphWaldoEmerson,Americanthinker）进步是今日的活动、明天的保证。（美国思想家拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生）英语时文阅读是学习者针对英美新闻、报刊及杂志等时事素材而开展的阅读活动。近年来,高考阅读理解素材多取材于外国时文,英语时文阅读的重要性不断凸显。英语时文阅读，可以让学生接触地道的英语，使学生广泛了解西方国家的风俗习惯、日常生活、人际交往等状况,为学生英语综合素养的提升奠定坚实的基础。所以，中学英语学习必须要重视英语时文阅读教学的重要性,并通过时文阅读教学扩高校生的词汇量，提高文化素养。【话题词汇】1.经济的快速发展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople'slivingstandard3.先进的科学技术advancedscienceandtechnology4.面临新的机遇和挑战befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges5.人们普遍认为Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat…6.社会发展的必定结果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment7.引起了广泛的公众关注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention8.不行否认Itisundeniablethat…/Thereisnodenyingthat…9.热情的探讨/争辩aheateddiscussion/debate10.有争议性的问题acontroversialissue11.完全不同的观点atotallydifferentargument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Somepeople…whileothers…13.就我而言/就个人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally14.就…达到肯定的一样reachanabsoluteconsensuson…15.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons16.双方的论点argumentonbothsides17.发挥着日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein…18.对…必不行少beindispensableto…19.正如谚语所说Astheproverbgoes:20.…也不例外…benoexception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/negativeeffectson…22.利远远大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.23.导致，引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin24.困难的社会现象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon25.责任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement26.竞争与合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation27.开阔眼界widenone'shorizon/broadenone'svision28.学习学问和技能acquireknowledgeandskills29.经济/心理负担financialburden/psychologicalburden30.考虑到诸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration31.从另一个角度fromanotherperspective32.做出共同努力makejointefforts33.对…有益bebeneficial/conduciveto…34.为社会做贡献makecontributionstothe35.打下坚实的基础layasolidfoundationfor…36.综合素养comprehensivequality37.无可非议blameless/beyondreproach39.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto…40.应当承认Admittedly41.不行推卸的义务unshakableduty42.满足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof…43.牢靠的信息源areliablesourceofinformation44.珍贵的自然资源valuablenaturalresources45.因特网theInternet（肯定要由冠词，字母I大写）46.便利快捷convenientandefficient47.在人类生活的方方面面inallaspectsofhumanlife48.环保（的）environmentalprotection/environmentallyfriendly49.社会进步的体现asymbolofsocietyprogress50.科技的飞速更新theever-acceleratedupdatingofscienceandtechnology51.对这一问题持有不同看法holddifferentattitudestowardsthisissue52.支持前/后种观点的人people/thoseinfavoroftheformer/latteropinion53.有/供应如下理由/证据have/providethefollowingreasons/evidence54.在肯定程度上tosomeextent/degree/insomeway55.理论和实践相结合integratetheorywithpractice56.…必定趋势anirresistibletrendof…57.日益激烈的社会竞争theincreasinglyfiercesocialcompetition58.眼前利益immediateinterest/short-terminterest59.长远利益interestinthelongrun60.…有其自身的优缺点…hasitsmeritsanddemerits/advantagesanddisadvantages61.扬长避短Exploittothefullone’sfavorableconditionsandavoidunfavorableones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Taketheessenceanddiscardthedregs.63.对…有害doharmto/beharmfulto/bedetrimentalto64.沟通思想/情感/信息exchangeideas/emotions/information65.跟上…的最新发展keeppacewith/catchupwith/keepabreastwiththelatestdevelopmentof…66.实行有效措施来…takeeffectivemeasurestodosth.67.…的健康发展thehealthydevelopmentof…68.有利有弊Everycoinhasitstwosides.Nogardenwithoutweeds.69.对…观点因人而异Viewson…varyfrompersontoperson.70.重视attachgreatimportanceto…71.社会地位socialstatus72.把时间和精力放在…上focustimeandenergyon…73.扩大学问面expandone’sscopeofknowledge74.身心两方面bothphysicallyandmentally75.有干脆/间接关系bedirectly/indirectlyrelatedto…76.提出折中提议setforthacompromiseproposal77.可以取代“think”的词believe,claim,maintain,argue,insist,holdtheopinion/beliefthatI.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseriesonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院).Itseemsinhumantocaremoreaboutabuildingthanaboutpeople.ThatthesightofNotreDamegoingupinflameshasattractedsomuchmoreattentionthanfloodsinsouthernAfricawhichkilledover1,000arousesunderstandablefeelingsofguilt.Yetthewidespread,intensegriefatthesightofthecathedral’scollapsingsteeple(尖塔)isinfactprofoundlyhuman—andinaparticularly21st-centuryway.Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.Abuildingonwhosesunnystepsyouhaverested,infrontofwhichyouhavetakenaselfiewithyourlovedone,becomesawarmpartofyourmemoriesandthusofyourself.Thisvisualagehasgivenbeautynewpower,andsocialmediahaveturnedgreatworksofartintosuperstars.Onlyafew,though,haveachievedthisstatus.Justasthereisonlyeverahandfulofworld-famousactors,sothepantheon(万神殿)ofgloballyrecognizableculturalsymbolsistiny:theMonaLisa,Michelangelo’sDavid,theTajMahal,theGreatPyramid—andNotreDame.Disaster,too,isvisual.Inthe24hoursafterthefirestarted,videosonsocialmediaoftheburningcathedralwereviewednearlyaquarterofabilliontimes.Yettheemotionsthesightarousedwerelessaboutthebuildingitselfthanaboutwhatlosingitmightmean.NotreDameisanexpressionofhumanityatitscollectivebest.Nobodycouldlookupintothatarched(拱形的)ceilingwithoutwonderingatthecollectivegeniusofthethousandsofunknowncraftsmenwho,overacenturyandahalf,realizedavisionsograndinitsstructuralambitionandsodelicateinitshand-madedetail.Itssurvivalthrough850yearsofpoliticalunrest—throughwar,revolutionandNazioccupation—bindsthepresenttothepast.1.TheBBCseriesinthefirstparagraphismentionedtoshow________.A.NotreDameisatypicalexampleofcivilizationB.civilizationissupposedtobedefinedinabstracttermsC.civilizationwasfoundedinthepastandlastsfordecadesD.it’scrueltocaremoreaboutbuildingsthanaboutpeople2.NotreDamefirehasarousedworldwideconcernsbecause________.A.thedisastercoincidedwiththefloodsinsouthernAfricaB.peoplehaslostahistoricallandmarktotakeaselfieandrestC.France’seconomicprosperityhasmadeitamust-seeplaceforvisitorsD.culturalglobalizationhasbredacommonsenseofculturalidentity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.People’ssadnessatthemisfortunemainlyliesinthebuildingitself.B.Peoplewonderedwhocontributedtosuchanartisticachievement.C.NotreDameisawitnesstoNaziinvasionandFrenchrevolution.D.Fortunatelyweareblessedwithcountlesssplendidworksofart.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NotreDame:TheArchitecturalTreasureB.NotreDame:TheHumanisticExpressionC.NotreDame:AVictimToNaturalDisasterD.NotreDame:AMust-beTouristAttraction【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。人类文明持续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些宏大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的傲慢，也是全人类的珍宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼，那种广泛深刻的哀思正是人性深刻的体现。1.推理推断题。由第一段“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseriesonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)”可知，文明是什么?”50年前，肯尼斯•克拉克在BBC“文明”主题开创性系列节目中问道。“我不知道，我还不能用抽象的术语来定义它。但我想当我看到它的时候我能认出它，现在我正在看它。”他转过身来，指向身后高耸的哥特式塔楼和高耸的圣母院。所以从肯尼斯•克拉克的所说的话中，可以推断出第一段中提到BBC“文明”主题开创性系列节目是为了显示圣母院是文明的典型例子。故A选项正确。2.细微环节理解题。由第三段“Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.”可知，如今，不仅经济全球化，文化也走向全球化。人们漫游世界，不仅仅为了寻求工作和平安，也为找寻美妙和历史。而熟识感会让宠爱扩散。所以圣母院的火灾引起了全世界的关注，因为文化全球化孕育了一种共同的文化认同感。故D选项正确。3.细微环节理解题。由最终段“Itssurvivalthrough850yearsofpoliticalunrest—throughwar,revolutionandNazioccupation—bindsthepresenttothepast”可知，巴黎圣母院在850年的政治动荡中幸存下来，经验了斗争、革命和纳粹占据，将现在和历史连接起来。所以通过关键词“survivalthrough，revolutionandNazioccupation”可以推断出，圣母院见证了纳粹入侵和法国大革命。故C选项正确。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，人类文明持续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些宏大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的傲慢，也是全人类的珍宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼。那种广泛深刻的哀思正是人性深刻的体现。所以短文围围着“巴黎圣母院：人文主义的表达”符合文意。故B选项正确。2Highspeeds,coollooks,andunusualnamesarewhatatypicalAmericanlooksforwhenbuyingacar.Thisisawastefulmethodbecausethecarswebuydon’tfitourlifestylesofthriftiness（节俭）.Butwefeelpowerfulwhenwedrivehugecars,sothat’swhywebuythem.Morepeopleshoulddrivehybrids,whicharepoweredbyagasenginebutalsokeepsachargeinabankofbatteries.Asaresult,theyburnlessgasandsavemoreenergy.Youmaycomplain,“Theyarenotcool.”Butwhatareyougoingtosaywhenyourplanetgetssofouledup（弄乱）thatyouneedagasmaskjusttogooutside?Well,that’swhat’sgoingtohappenifwedon’tactsoon.Hybridsmaycostmore,buttheywillendupsavingourlifeoneday.Gasolinecarsareinefficientonesthatchewupcash.Thebestonesgetonlyaround40milespergallon.Weneedtochangeourhabitsorwearegoingtorunoutoffossilfuel,andthennocarswillbetravelingdownthestreet.Gasolinecarsalsopollutetheairandcreatebreathingproblems.Someproblemswewillhaveinthefutureifwecontinueusinggasolinecarsarehighlevelsofairpollutionandgroundwatertoxicity.Wewillalsouseupoursupplyoffossilfuels.Wemaycausealargeincreaseinthespeedofglobalwarming,whichwillresultinariseintemperatureandinturnbakeourplanetandallitslivingthings.Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.Hybridsfulfillthis.Ifenoughpeopleusedthem,wewouldn’tbeasworriedaboutglobalwarming.Weareatapointwherewecanonlydoonething:reducetheamountoffossilfuelsweuse.Ifwedon’t,wemayspellourowndoomandendupcreatingnaturaldisastersthatwecannotcontrol.5.Accordingtothepassage,hybrids______.A.maketheairsmellbad B.pollutethegroundwaterC.increasethespeedofglobalwarming D.aremorecostly6.Theunderlinedword“doom”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“______”.A.abadfortune B.astrongwishC.ahappymoment D.anormalneed7.Intheauthor’sopinion,weshouldbuyacarwhich______.A.runsfaster B.looksbeautifulC.isenvironmentallyfriendly D.costsafortune8.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.A.introducewhatkindofcaruseslessgasB.givepeopleadviceonhowtobuyacoolcarC.remindpeopleofsomeproblemstheywillhaveinthefutureD.expectpeopletoconsidertheenvironmentalproblemswhenbuyingacar【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了考虑到环保问题我们应当驾驶混合动力汽车。5.细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段“Hybridsmaycostmore,buttheywillendupsavingourlifeoneday.”（混合动力车的价格可能更高，但终有一天它们会挽救我们的生命。）可知，混合动力汽车花费更多的钱。故选D。6.词义揣测题。依据划线词所在的句子“Ifwedon’t,wemayspellourowndoomandendupcreatingnaturaldisastersthatwecannotcontrol.”（假如我们不这样做，我们可能会招致自己的厄运，最终造成我们无法限制的自然灾难。）可知，doom意为“厄运”。故选A。7.推理推断题。依据文章最终一段“Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.”（买汽车不应当看外表，而是因为它们运行良好，有助于爱护环境。）可推知，作者认为我们应当买环保的车。故选C。8.推理推断题。依据文章最终一段“Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.Hybridsfulfillthis.Ifenoughpeopleusedthem,wewouldn’tbeasworriedaboutglobalwarming.”（买汽车不应当看外表，而是因为它们运行良好，有助于爱护环境。混合动力汽车实现这一点。假如有足够多的人运用它们，我们就不会那么担忧全球变暖了。）可推知，作者的写作目的是希望人们在购买汽车时考虑环境问题。故选D。3ElizabethfrywasthedaughterofanEnglishbanker.Whenshewasayoungbrideandmother,shegavemedicineandclothestothehomelessandhelpedestablishthesistersofDevonshiresquare,anursingschool.In1813,atage33,herattentionturnedtothefemaleprisonersinLondon’sNewgateprison.Shebegantovisittheprisonalmostdaily,andwhatshefoundtherehorrifiedher.Intheearly1800s,Englishprisonswerepitsofcrueltyandviolence.AtNewgate,womenawaitingtrialforstealingappleswereputintothesameprisonaswomenwhohadbeenconvicted(宣判)ofmurder.Womenate,defecated,andsleptinthesamecell.Ifaprisonerhadchildren,theyaccompaniedhertoprisonandlivedinthesameinhumaneconditions.Forthosewithouthelpfromfamily,friends,orcharities,theoptionsweretobegandtostealfood,ortostarvetodeath.Prisonofficialswarnedfryoftherisksshewastakinginvisitingprisons(exposuretoviolenceanddisease),butshewavedthewarningsaside.Besidescomfortingwomen,shetaughtthembasichygieneandtosewandquiltsotheymightearnalivingwhentheywerereleased.Sheintervened(介入)forwomenondeathrow,andifherpleaswereunsuccessful,shecomfortedthemintheirlastmoments.Toexpandherefforts,in1816shefoundedtheassociationfortheimprovementofthefemaleprisonersofNewgate“toprovidefortheclothing,instruction,andemploymentofthewomen,andtoforminthem,asmuchaspossible,thosehabitsoforderandindustry,whichmaymakethempeaceablewhileinprison,andrespectablewhentheyleaveit.”Specificreformsshecampaignedforincluded:separationofmenandwomenprisoners,paidworkforprisoners,womenguardsforwomenprisoners,andthehousingofcriminalsbasedontheircrimes.9.Englishprisonsintheearly1800scouldbedescribedas__________.A.inhumaneandhorrifying B.cruelandorderlyC.violentandjust D.efficientandpeaceable10.Elizabethfrytaughtfemaleprisonerssomelivingskills__________.A.towintheirrespectB.tohelpthemkilltimeinprisonC.tohelpthemmakealivinginprisonD.tolivearespectablelifewhentheywerereleased11.WhatwouldbethepossibleinfluenceofthereformsElizabethfrycampaignedfor?A.Womenprisonerswouldgetapayrise.B.Womenprisonerswouldbewellattendedbywomenguards.C.Thehumanrightsofwomenprisonerswouldbebetterrespected.D.Thehousingofthethieveswouldbemuchbetterthanthemurders’.【答案】9.A10.D11.C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作为一位英国银行家的女儿ElizabethFry平常爱帮助无家可归的人。在19世纪初期她提倡了监狱改革，维护女囚犯的权利，让她们的人权得到更好的敬重。9.细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句“Intheearly1800s,Englishprisonswerepitsofcrueltyandviolence.(在19世纪早期，英国的监狱是残忍和暴力的场所)”可知，在19世纪早期英国监狱可以形容为不人道的和恐怖的。故选A项。10.推理推断题。依据第三段第四句“Toexpandherefforts,in1816shefoundedtheassociationfortheimprovementofthefemaleprisonersofNewgate“toprovidefortheclothing,instruction,andemploymentofthewomen,andtoforminthem,asmuchaspossible,thosehabitsoforderandindustry,whichmaymakethempeaceablewhileinprison,andrespectablewhentheyleaveit.”(为了扩大自己的努力，在1816年，她成立了纽盖特女囚犯改良协会，“为女囚犯供应服装、教化和就业，并尽可能地培育她们的秩序和勤奋习惯，使她们在狱中和平相处，在出狱时受到敬重。”)”可知，作者成立协会的目的就是让这些囚犯们改邪归正，并且有一技之长，这样当他们被释放后过上风光 的生活。故选D项。11.推理推断题。依据第三段最终一句“Specificreformsshecampaignedforincluded:separationofmenandwomenprisoners,paidworkforprisoners,womenguardsforwomenprisoners,andthehousingofcriminalsbasedontheircrimes.(她所提倡的详细改革包括：男女囚犯的隔离，囚犯的有偿工作，女狱警为女囚犯供应服务，以及依据罪犯的罪行为他们供应住房)”可知，作者提倡的这些改革内容都是站在囚犯人权的角度，都是为了囚犯的人权能得到更好的敬重。故选C项。4LightpollutionisblockingastarryviewofthenightskyformorethanhalfofpeopleacrossEngland,aresearchhasfound.Fifty-sevenpercentofstargazersstruggledtoseemorethan10stars,whilejust2%ofparticipantssaidtheyexperiencedatrulydarkskymakingthembeabletocountmorethan30,accordingtotheresearchbytheCampaigntoProtectRuralEngland(CPRE).PeopleinthecountrysidewereencouragedtocounthowmanystarstheycouldseewitheyeswithintheconstellationofOrion,whichisvisibleonlyinthewintermonths.Campaignerssaidtheresultsofthestarcount,supportedbytheBritishAstronomicalAssociation,showedtheproblemoflightpollutionandhowitaffectedoneofthecountryside'smostmagicalsights-adark,starrynightsky.TheysaidtheresultsoftheresearchtomapEngland'snightskiessuggestedmorecouldbedonebythegovernment,localcouncilsandthegeneralpublictoreducethenegativeeffectsofartificiallightfromstreetsandbuildings.EmmaMarrington,darkskiescampaignerattheCPRE,said"We'rehugelygratefultothepeoplewhotookthetimetogetoutandtakepartinourstarcount.Butit'sdeeplydisappointingthatthevastmajoritywereunabletoexperiencethenaturalwonderofatrulydarkskyblanketedwithstars."Withoutanyaction,ournightskywillcontinuetobelostunderacoveringofartificiallight,ruiningthehealthofthenaturalworld.Sheadded:"Thestarcountresultsshowjusthowfar-reachingthelightfromstreetlightsandbuildingscanbeseen.Lightdoesn'trespectboundaries,andcarelessusecanseeitspreadfor,milesfromcities.”Shesuggestedbetter-designedlighting,streetlightdimmingsystemsandpart-nightlightingwheresomestreetlightsareturnedoffduringthesmallhoursshouldprovidean,opportunitytolimitthedamagecausedbylightpollution,reducecarbonemissionsandsavemoney.12.Whatcausesthelightpollutionaccordingtothetext?A.Moreandmorebuildings. B.Lessandlessoutdooractivities.C.Theoveruseofartificiallight. D.Thespreadoflightinthecountryside.13.HowdoesEmmafeelaboutthestargazers'efforts?A.Disappointed. B.Surprised. C.Regretful. D.Appreciative.14.WhatisEmma'ssuggestionfordealingwiththelightpollution?A.Usingstreetlightswisely. B.Turningofflightsatnight.C.Spreadinglightfurther. D.Changingthestreets'design.【答案】12.C13.D14.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文是一篇关于光污染的文章，一项探讨发觉，光污染阻碍了英国一半以上的人欣赏星空。介绍了光污染是如何产生的,它的危害，以及减轻光污染的一些措施。12.细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“TheysaidtheresultsoftheresearchtomapEngland'snightskiessuggestedmorecouldbedonebythegovernment,localcouncilsandthegeneralpublictoreducethenegativeeffectsofartificiallightfromstreetsandbuildings.(他们说，绘制英格兰夜空图的探讨结果表明，政府、地方议会和公众可以实行更多措施来削减来自街道和建筑物的人造光的负面影响)”以及第四段中“Withoutanyaction,ournightskywillcontinuetobelostunderacoveringofartificiallight,ruiningthehealthofthenaturalworld.(假如不实行任何行动，我们的夜空将接着在人造光的覆盖下消逝，破坏自然界的健康)”可知，导致光污染的是人造光的过度运用。故选C。13.推理推断题。依据第四段中“We’rehugelygratefultothepeoplewhotookthetimetogetoutandtakepartinourstarcount.(我们特别感谢那些花时间参与我们的星空计数活动的人)”可知，Emma对观星者的努力是感谢的。故选D。14.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“Shesuggestedbetter-designedlighting,streetlightdimmingsystemsandpart-nightlightingwheresomestreetlightsareturnedoffduringthesmallhoursshouldprovideanopportunitytolimitthedamagecausedbylightpollution,reducecarbonemissionsandsavemoney.(她建议，设计更好的照明系统、路灯调暗系统以及在凌晨关闭部分路灯的部分夜间照明，应当能够削减光污染造成的损害、削减碳排放并省钱)”可知，Emma对处理光污染的建议是“明智地运用路灯。”故选A。5Onsocialmedia,youmaysee"BMgirls",whowearsmallskirts,tinyT-shirtsandskinnyjeans.ThegroupisnamedaftertheItalianfashionbrandBrandyMelville.Itsaysitsclothesare“onesizefitsall”.However,mostclothesthebrandprovidesforgirlsareinsmallsizes,accordingtoBritishnewspaperTheSun.Thebrand’sideaof“onesizefitsall"hasmademanygirlsfeeluncomfortable."Forme,theproblemwasnotthefactthatIcouldn'tpurchaseyourclothes.TherootofmyfrustrationisinthehumiliationIfeltwhenIrealizedthat...Ijustwasn'tgoodenoughfortheMelvillebrand,"younggirlAndyEsmondwroteonthewebsiteOdyssey."Igotthemessageloudandclear:Ifyoudon'thaveanidealbodytype,wewouldratheryounotwearourclothing."Esmondisoneofmanygirlsaroundtheworldwhoaredissatisfiedwiththeirbodyshapes.Accordingtoa2024surveyconductedbyYouthSelectCommitteeintheUK,8in10teenagegirlsintheUKwanttochangetheirweightorbodyshape.TnChina,morethanhalfofteenagerswanttoloseweighttomakethemselveslookbetter,accordingtoa2024surveybySouthernWeekly.ButfashiontrendsliketheBrandyMelvilleclothinglinedonothingtoeasetheanxietyofnegativebodyimage.Instead,theyfeeditfurther,notedCoppellStudentMedia.Inordertoachievesuchan"ideal”image,somegirlsdevelopeatingdisorders.Evenworse,thistrendmayleadtolowself-esteem,depressionandhopelessness.“Theidealizationofthinnesscanbeakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandpreventingrecovery,andfashionretailersshouldrespectdiversityinpeople'snaturalbodyshapesandsizes,“Beat,theUK'sleadingeatingdisordercharity,toldFabulousDigital.Afterall,beautydoesn'tcomeinabox,orinoneform.Justrecognizethatwearealldifferentandthatissomethingtobecelebrated.Infact,acceptingyourtrueselfcandisplayanaturalbeautythatcannotbeignored.15.Whatcanweknowaboutthegroup"BMgirls"?A.TheyareanAmericanfashionbrand. B.TheyonlybuyBrandyMelvilleclothes.C.Theylovetowearsmall-sizedclothes. D.Theyalwayssharewhattheywearonline.16.WhyaremanygirlsdissatisfiedwiththebrandBrandyMelville?A.Becauseitofferslimitedsizesinclothing.B.Becauseitproducestooexpensiveclothesforthem.C.Becauseitprovidesallcustomersmiddle-sizedclothes.D.Becauseithaspoorcustomerservice.17.Howdofashiontrendslikeone-size-fits-allinfluenceconsumers?A.Theyhelppeopletoimprovetheirbodyimage.B.Theysetnewstandardsforclothingproduction.C.Theyencouragepeopletoaccepttheirbodyimage.D.Theycausesomegirlstodevelopunhealthybodyimages.18.WhatshouldfashionretailersdoaccordingtoBeat?A.Promotetheideaofwearingcomfortableclothes. B.Helpcustomersrecoverfromtheirillnesses.C.Valuedifferencesinbodyshapesandsizes. D.Encouragecustomerstoweardifferentclothes.【答案】15.C16.A17.D18.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白如今类似BrandyMelville这样的时尚品牌以“一码通吃”为理念，导致了一些女孩追求不健康的身体形象，说明白这种趋势的危害以及人们对此的看法。15.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Onsocialmedia,youmaysee‘BMgirls’,whowearsmallskirts,tinyT-shirtsandskinnyjeans.ThegroupisnamedaftertheItalianfashionbrandBrandyMelville.(在社交媒体上，你可能会看到‘BM女孩’，她们穿着小短裙、小t恤和紧身牛仔裤。该集团是以意大利时尚品牌BrandyMelville命名的)”以及其次段中“However,mostclothesthebrandprovidesforgirlsareinsmallsizes,accordingtoBritishnewspaperTheSun.(然而，据英国《太阳报》报道，该品牌为女孩供应的大部分衣服都是小号的)”可知，“BM女孩”宠爱穿小号的衣服。故选C。16.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Thebrand’sideaof‘onesizefitsall’hasmademanygirlsfeeluncomfortable.(该品牌的‘一码通吃’的理念让很多女孩感到不满)”可知，很多女孩对BrandyMelville这个牌子不满足，因为它的衣服尺码有限。故选A。17.细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段“ButfashiontrendsliketheBrandyMelvilleclothinglinedonothingtoeasetheanxietyofnegativebodyimage.Instead,theyfeeditfurther,notedCoppellStudentMedia.Inordertoachieve