第04辑一轮阅读 专题02 阅读理解难点分类突破（写作手法题+写作意图题+文章寓意题）（教师版） 2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第04辑一轮阅读专题02阅读理解难点分类突破（写作手法题+写作意图题+文章寓意题）解析版目录写作手法题1+3篇P1【名师点津】P2【高考真题】P2【名校模拟】P3写作意图题1+3篇P8【名师点津】P8【高考真题】P9【名校模拟】P11文章寓意题1+3篇P16【名师点津】P16【高考真题】P16【名校模拟】P18写作手法题1+3篇【名师点津】高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。一、根据文章题材来判断。①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。二、根据“原文定位”来判断。先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。①bygivingexamples通过举例。标志词:forexample,forinstance ②byanalyzingcauses通过分析原因。标志词：asaresult/consequence③bygivingdefinitions通过下定义。标志词：thatistosay④bylistingdata/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字⑤bydescribingaprocess 通过描述过程。标志词：first,second,third,finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵循时间顺序。标志词：in1920，inthe1940s,nowadays⑦bymakingcomparisons/contrast通过对比。标志词：but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications通过分类。标志词：first,next,then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通过分析因果。标志词：Thatisbecause….⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内【高考真题】(2020年浙江卷第29题)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit.Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(协调),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests? A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality. D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【答案】28.D29.B30.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。28.D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选29.B。推理判断题。根据第四段中FranciscaThen说的话“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,(这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，FranciscaThen是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。30.C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。【名校模拟】（2024·宁夏银川·二模）FromMaytoOctoberinthesoutheasternUS,fivespeciesofturtles,fromloggerheadstoKemp’sridley,crawl(爬行)ashoreunderthecoverofnighttolaytheireggsontheverybeachtheywereborn.Duringthistime,thousandsofturtle-lovingvolunteerscombtheshorelineslookingfortheturtles’tracksaspartofanongoingefforttogatherpopulationdataandprotectthenests.However,it’snoteasytodetectturtleeggsasfemaleturtlesfrequentlymake“falsecrawls”,climbingoutofthewaterbutreturningwithoutlayingeggs.Andsinceseaturtlesdisturbhugeareasofsandtohidetheirnestsfrompredators(捕食者),humanmonitorsareoftenleftguessingwheretheeggsare.Now,anewstudysuggestsman’sbestfriendcandoitbetter.Asmell-detectingdognamedDoryfoundthelocationofseaturtleeggsmoreaccuratelythanhumanvolunteers,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyRebekahLindborg,aconservationistwithDisney’sAnimals,Science,andEnvironmentdivision.LindborgteamedupwithPepePeruyero,adogbehavioristwhohastrainedsmell-detectingdogsforover20years.PeruyeroselectedarescuedognamedDory,atwo-year-oldterriermixfoundwanderingalongaFloridahighway,astheproject’sposterdog.Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach,PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警觉)atthesmellof“cloacalmucus”,astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler.Then,theteamconvincedtheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommissiontoallowafriendlycompetition.Duringthepeaknestingseasons,twogroupswentaroundastretchofshorelineaboutfivemileslonginVeroBeach,Florida.Theterrieridentified560seaturtlenestsfromthreespecies,whilepeoplefoundonly256.Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug,Lindborgreports.Andwhilehumanvolunteerscouldn’tfindtheeggsin14.8%ofnests,Doryonlyfailedtodeliver5.7%ofthetime.“Doryhasakeennoseforturtles,andthiscouldbeagamechanger,”saidLindborg.1.Howdofemaleturtlesmakeeggdetectionmoredifficult?A.Theymakemisleadingtracksinthesand.B.Theydestroytheireggsdeliberately.C.Theyputtheireggsinthewater.D.Theybuildnestseverywhere.2.WhatismosthelpfulforDoryinfindingturtlenests?A.Thenatureofdigging.B.Thesenseofcompetition.C.Thewarningfromitstrainer.D.Thematteronaturtle’snewlylaideggs.3.Howisparagraph6mainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydescribingcourses.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byofferingexplanations.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thekindnessofamanwhoprotectsturtlenests.B.Adogthatcanfindturtlenestssuccessfully.C.Thedifficultyofbuildingturtlenests.D.Anewdiscoveryaboutturtlenests【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于利用探测犬寻找海龟巢穴的研究。1.推理判断题。根据第二段“However,it’snoteasytodetectturtleeggsasfemaleturtlesfrequentlymake“falsecrawls”,climbingoutofthewaterbutreturningwithoutlayingeggs.Andsinceseaturtlesdisturbhugeareasofsandtohidetheirnestsfrompredators(捕食者),humanmonitorsareoftenleftguessingwheretheeggsare.（然而，要发现海龟蛋并不容易，因为雌性海龟经常会“假爬”，爬出水面但又回来而不产卵。由于海龟会扰乱大片沙地，以隐藏它们的巢穴以躲避捕食者，人类监控人员常常只能猜测海龟蛋的位置。）”可知，雌性海龟通过在沙子上留下误导性的足迹使蛋检测变得更加困难。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第五段“Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach,PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警觉)atthesmellof“cloacalmucus”,astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler.（Peruyero在一个50*50平方英尺的人工海滩上训练了几个月，训练多莉对“排泄粘液”的气味发出警报，这是一种粘在海龟新产下的蛋上的粘性物质，林德伯格是她的训练员）”可知，对多莉发现海龟巢最有帮助的是蛋上的粘性物质。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theterrieridentified560seaturtlenestsfromthreespecies,whilepeoplefoundonly256.Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug,Lindborgreports.Andwhilehumanvolunteerscouldn’tfindtheeggsin14.8%ofnests,Doryonlyfailedtodeliver5.7%ofthetime.“Doryhasakeennoseforturtles,andthiscouldbeagamechanger,”saidLindborg.（多莉发现了来自三个物种的560个海龟巢，而人们只发现了256个。据Lindborg报告，多莉在选择挖蛋位置方面也明显优于人类，从而大大减少了挖洞的数量。虽然人类志愿者在14.8%的巢中找不到蛋，但多莉未能产卵的情况只有5.7%。“多莉对海龟有着敏锐的嗅觉，这可能会改变游戏规则，”林德伯格说。）”可知，第6段主要是通过探测狗多莉和人类搜索海龟蛋对比展开。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now,anewstudysuggestsman’sbestfriendcandoitbetter.Asmell-detectingdognamedDoryfoundthelocationofseaturtleeggsmoreaccuratelythanhumanvolunteers,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyRebekahLindborg,aconservationistwithDisney’sAnimals,Science,andEnvironmentdivision.(现在，一项新的研究表明，人类最好的朋友（狗）可以做得更好。迪士尼动物、科学和环境部门的自然资源保护主义者丽贝卡·林德伯格(RebekahLindborg)最近领导的一项研究显示，一只名叫多莉(Dory)的嗅觉狗比人类志愿者更准确地发现了海龟蛋的位置)”、第五段“Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach.

PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警觉)atthesmellof‘cloacalmucus,’astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler(经过数月对50英尺见方的人造沙滩的训练，多莉被训练成会对“泄殖腔粘液”的气味保持警觉，这是一种覆盖在海龟刚产下的蛋上的粘性物质，而林德伯格是她的训练师)”以及最后一段“Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug.(多莉在选择挖蛋地点方面也比人们优秀得多，大大减少了挖掘的洞的数量。)可知，本文主要介绍了利用探测犬成功寻找海龟巢穴，故选B项。（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）Thenatureofcompassionfatigue(同情疲劳)meansthatmanyworkingintraditionalcare-givingrolesarelikelytoexperienceitssymptoms.Thisincludesfirstresponders,medicalprofessionals,socialworkers,journalists,andlawyersspecializinginfamilylaworcriminallaw.KelliCollins,alicensedfamilytherapist,remarks“Thinkaboutmusclefatigue—ifyouworkouttoohard,yourmusclesmightsimplygiveout.Inthesameway,compassionfatiguemeansyourabilitytooffercompassiontoothersisdramaticallyaffected.”Collinsherselfexperiencedcompassionfatigueasayoungtherapistworkinginacommunitymentalhealthsetting,whereshe“hadthestrongdesiretohelp”butquicklyrealizedsomethingswereoutofher“rangofinfluence”.Shefeltherselfbecomingeasilyannoyedwithlovedones,sleepingverylittle,andfantasizingaboutchangingcareers.Itwasanoverwhelmingtime,duringwhichshefeltshewasfailingherclients.“Ithoughtthatbygivingendlesscompassiontomyclients,Iwas‘leavingitallonthefield’.Infact,bearingtheresponsibilityformyclients’painwithoutconsiderationformyownneedsandlimitsmeantthatIwasn’taparticularlyeffectivetherapist,”shesays.LynneHughes,whofoundedComfortZonein1999andnowservesasCEO,lostbothherparentsasachild,experiencingfirst-handthelackofresourcesandsupportforgrievingchildren.Hughesexpressessimilarfeelingsaboutthechallengeofcompassionfatigue,stressingtheimportanceoflookinginward.“Sufferingfromcompassionfatiguedoesnotmeanyou’rebadathelpingorcaring,itonlymeansthescalebetweencaringforothersandcaringforyourselfisnolongerbalanced,”shesays.“Whenyou’reinarolewhereyou’renurturingandcaringforothers—it’scrucialtoextendthatnurtureandcaretoyourselfsothat‘yourwell’doesnotrundry.”ButbothHughesandCollinsemphasizethatit’snotonlytraditionalcaregiverswhoexperiencecompassionfatigue.“Itisapplicabletoanyoneinacaringrole,”saysHughes,whileCollinsbelievesitisauniquelyhumancondition,occupationalornot.5.WhydoesCollinsmentionthemusclefatigue?A.Todescribesheisinabadmood.B.Toshowsheiseagertogiveahand.C.Tosuggestshehaslimitedpityforothers.D.Toexplainsheismuchtiredofhercustomers.6.WhichofthefollowingdoHughesandCollinsagreewith?A.Careforyourselfwhilecaringforothers.B.Compassionfatiguehasnothingtodowithcareer.C.Thosewithcompassionfatiguearepoorathelping.D.Shypersonsalwaystendtosuffercompassionfatigue.7.Whatdoes“yourwell”inParagraph6referto?A.Pity. B.Nurture. C.Symptoms. D.Occupation.8.Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byquotingarguments.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byanalyzingreasonsandcauses.【答案】5.D6.A7.B8.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了同情疲劳的概念，该现象意味着从事传统护理工作的人可能会经历同情疲劳的症状。通过KelliCollins和LynneHughes两位亲历者的经历和观点，文章指出同情疲劳会影响个体对他人的同情能力，强调关注自身需求的重要性。同时，同情疲劳不仅仅适用于传统的护理人员，任何从事关爱工作的人都可能经历这种现象。5.推理判断题。根据第二段KelliCollins所说的话“Thinkaboutmusclefatigue—ifyouworkouttoohard,yourmusclesmightsimplygiveout.Inthesameway,compassionfatiguemeansyourabilitytooffercompassiontoothersisdramaticallyaffected.(想想肌肉疲劳——如果你锻炼过度，你的肌肉可能会疲劳。同理，同情疲劳意味着你同情他人的能力受到了极大的影响。)”可知，她提到肌肉疲劳是为了类比，说明过度同情他人会导致自己的这种能力显著下降，就像过度锻炼会使肌肉无法继续工作一样。由此推知，这是为了解释为什么她对客户感到非常厌倦。故选D。6.推理判断题。根据第四段Collins所说的话“Infact,bearingtheresponsibilityformyclients’painwithoutconsiderationformyownneedsandlimitsmeantthatIwasn’taparticularlyeffectivetherapist(事实上，在不考虑自己的需求和限制的情况下为我的客户的痛苦承担责任，意味着我不是一个特别有效的治疗师)”、第五段中“Hughesexpressessimilarfeelingsaboutthechallengeofcompassionfatigue,stressingtheimportanceoflookinginward.(Hughes对同情疲劳的挑战表达了类似的感受，强调了审视内心的重要性)”和第六段Hughes所说的话“Whenyou’reinarolewhereyou’renurturingandcaringforothers—it’scrucialtoextendthatnurtureandcaretoyourself(当你处于培养和照顾他人的角色时，将这种培养和照顾延伸到自己身上是至关重要的)”可推知，两人都认为在关心他人的同时，也要关注自己的需求。故选A。7.词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Whenyou’reinarolewhereyou’renurturingandcaringforothers—it’scrucialtoextendthatnurtureandcaretoyourself(当你处于滋养和照顾他人的角色时，将这种滋养和照顾延伸到自己身上是至关重要的)”可知，Hughes在强调要关注自己的需求，要滋养和照顾自己。再结合sothat引导的是结果状语从句可推知，此处描述的是这样做的好处，这种“滋养的井水”不会枯竭，画线部分指的应该是“Nurture(滋养)”。故选B。8.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过列举KelliCollins作为家庭治疗师的经历和LynneHughes创办ComfortZone并担任CEO的事例，以及她们对同情疲劳的感受和见解，来阐述同情疲劳的现象、影响以及应对方式。因此，文章通过举例的方式组织文本内容。故选A。（23-24·沈阳·三模）Air-conditioner’ssettingoftenformsthebasisofofficeargumentsbetweenwomenandmenregardingthe“correct”temperatureforittobeset.Andit’sacommondebatebetweencouples—theperfecttemperaturetokeepbothpartieswarmbutnothot.Researchdoesconsistentlyshowwomenpreferahigherindoortemperaturetomen.Butisthereanysciencebackingupthewidespreadbeliefthatwomen“feelthecold”morethanmen?Ataroundthesamebodyweight,womentendtohavelessmuscletoproduceheat.Womenalsohavemorefatbetweentheskinandthemuscles,sotheskinfeelscolder,asit’sslightlyfurtherawayfrombloodvessels.Womenalsotendtohavealowermetabolic(代谢)ratethanmen,whichreducesheatproductionduringcoldexposure,makingwomenmorelikelytofeelcoldasthetemperaturedrops.Thehormonesoestrogenandprogesterone(雌激素和孕激素),foundinlargequantitiesinwomen,contributetothecorebodyandskintemperatures.Oestrogendilates(扩张)bloodvesselsattheextremities.Thismeansmoreheatcanbelosttothesurroundingair.Andprogesteronecancausethevesselsintheskintonarrow,meaninglessbloodwillflowtosomeareastokeeptheinnerorganswarmer,leavingwomenfeelingcooler.Sohowdoweagreeontheidealtemperature?The“Scandinaviansleepmethod”,wherecouplessleepwithseparateblankets,isonewaytoovercomethedifferencesintemperaturepreferences.Intheworkplace,personalcomfortsystemsareheatsystemsthatcanbelocallypositionedinindividualworkstationssuchasdesktops,chairs,ornearthefeetandlegs.Examplesincludesmalldeskfans,heatedchairsandblankets,orfoot-warmers.Thesesystemsprovideindividualisedcomforttomeetpersonalneedswithoutaffectingothersinthesamespace,andhavebeenfoundtoproducehighercomfortsatisfactionintheworkplace.Theymayalsobeanenergy-efficientmethodtobalancewarmthandhealthinofficeenvironments.9.Whydoesacoupleoftenhaveanargumentontemperaturecontrol?A.Becausethewifepreferstoworkindoorsthanoutdoors.B.Becausethewifewouldliketostayinacoolerplace.C.Becausetheyhavedifferentpreferencefortemperature.D.Becausetheyhavenoair-conditionertoheattheiroffice.10.Whatmayhappentomenandwomenofthesameweight?A.Menmaybemuchstrongerthanwomen.B.Menmayhavemorefatthanwomen.C.Womenmayfeelcolderthanmen.D.Womenmayproducemoreheatthanmen.11.Howdoesthefourthparagraphdevelop?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bylistingreasons.C.Bysolvingproblems. D.Bymakingcomparisons.12.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpcreateacomfortableworkplacewithoutbotheringothers?A.Usingapersonalheater. B.Movingintoawarmoffice.C.Applyinganewheatingsystem. D.Askingforanextraindividualroom.【答案】9.C10.C11.B12.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析女性比男性更“感觉寒冷”的原因。9.细节理解题。根据第一段“Andit’sacommondebatebetweencouples—theperfecttemperaturetokeepbothpartieswarmbutnothot.Researchdoesconsistentlyshowwomenpreferahigherindoortemperaturetomen.(这是夫妻之间常见的争论——保持双方温暖但不太热的最佳温度。研究一致表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的室内温度。)”可知，夫妻之间关于温控的争论主要是因为他们对温度有不同的偏好。故选C项。10.推理判断题。由文章第二段“Ataroundthesamebodyweight,womentendtohavelessmuscletoproduceheat.Womenalsohavemorefatbetweentheskinandthemuscles,sotheskinfeelscolder,asit’sslightlyfurtherawayfrombloodvessels.(在同等体重的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少。女性的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪，所以皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管稍远。)”可知，相同体重，女人可能会觉得比男人更冷。故选C项。11.推理判断题。由文章第四段“Thehormonesoestrogenandprogesterone(雌激素和孕激素),foundinlargequantitiesinwomen,contributetothecorebodyandskintemperatures.Oestrogendilates(扩张)bloodvesselsattheextremities.Thismeansmoreheatcanbelosttothesurroundingair.Andprogesteronecancausethevesselsintheskintonarrow,meaninglessbloodwillflowtosomeareastokeeptheinnerorganswarmer,leavingwomenfeelingcooler.(女性体内大量存在的雌激素和黄体酮对身体核心和皮肤温度有影响。雌激素使四肢的血管扩张。这意味着更多的热量可能会流失到周围的空气中。黄体酮会导致皮肤血管变窄，这意味着流向某些区域的血液会减少，从而使内脏保持温暖，让女性感觉更凉爽。)”可知，这段主要分析女性感觉更凉爽的原因。故选B项。12.细节理解题。由最后一段“Intheworkplace,personalcomfortsystemsareheatsystemsthatcanbelocallypositionedinindividualworkstationssuchasdesktops,chairs,ornearthefeetandlegs.Examplesincludesmalldeskfans,heatedchairsandblankets,orfoot-warmers.Thesesystemsprovideindividualisedcomforttomeetpersonalneedswithoutaffectingothersinthesamespace,andhavebeenfoundtoproducehighercomfortsatisfactionintheworkplace.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是一种加热系统，可以局部放置在个人工作场所，如台式机、椅子或脚部和腿部附近。示例包括小型桌扇、加热的椅子和毯子，或暖脚器。这些系统提供个性化的舒适度，以满足个人需求，而不会影响同一空间中的其他人，并已被发现在工作场所产生更高的舒适度满意度。)”可知，使用个人加热器能帮助创造一个舒适的工作场所而不打扰他人。故选A项。写作意图题1+3篇【名师点津】每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。1.主旨推断法。写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。2.文体推断法。①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（toattractreaders）。②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（toentertainreaders）、或给读者某种启示。③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（toinformreaders），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（topersuadereaders），倡导某种做法等。【高考真题】(2024新课标II卷第35题)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI-thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAltopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.33.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes. B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritingstyle.C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions. D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.34.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI. B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI. D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.【答案】32.C33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.(她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Such

structuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.(我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence

comesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapractical

roadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).

(考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.(人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。【名校模拟】（2024·江西·二模）DisagreementshaveariseninNorthernFranceaftermanyancientstandingstonesweredamagedtomakewayforanewhardwarechain(五金连锁店).About39stones,datingbackatleast7,000years,wereremovedfromthesite,whichsitsononeofEurope’smostfamousprehistoricattractions,AgenceFrance-Presse(AFP)reported.“Thesitehasbeendamaged,”localarchaeologistChristianObeltztoldAFP.Carnac,oftendescribedas“FrenchStonehenge”,isfamousforitsspreadingfieldsoflargetallstones.Thestonesarearrangedinlong,straightlinesand,accordingtotheCarnacTouristOffice,itisthelargestcollectionofthistypeofstandingstoneintheworld.Thetwomainsitesalone,atMenecandKermarjo,housenearly3,000standingmonumentscoveringover4miles.Thepurposeofthisancientcuriosityisstillunknown.Manybelieveitmayhavehadsomethingtodowithreligion,whileothersthinkitcouldhaveservedasafarmingcalendar.OneideaevensuggeststhatthestonesareconnectedtoasadeventthathappenedtoaRomanarmy.TheRegionalOfficeofCulturalAffairsforBrittany,whichisresponsibleforprotectingtheculturalmonument,madeastatementondisagreementsoverbuildingthestoreonWednesday.“Giventheuncertainandnon-majorcharacteroftheremains,damagetoasiteofhistoricalvaluehasnotbeenestablished,”thestatement