10阅读理解四选一精练（中档）-2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期期末复习培优拔高（牛津译林版）

10阅读理解—选择精练（中档）小贴士小贴士满分建议：放平心态，不怕生词。每次训练，虽少却精。每天坚持，源头活水。限时阅读，提高速度四种题型：主旨大意型；事实细节型；推理判断型；词义猜测型。一、主旨大意题：要求在理解全文的基础上对全文进行高度概括或总结。常见考法：1．主题型：What’sthemainideaofthispassage?（这篇文章的主要思想是什么？）Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?（这篇文章主要讨论了什么？）What’sthetopicofthispassage?（这篇文章的主题是什么？）2．标题型：What’sthebesttitle?（最佳的标题是什么？）Thebesttitleforthistextis(totell)______.（这段文字的最佳标题是_____)Themainpurposeofthistextis______.(这段文字的主要目的是？）3．目的型：Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthistextisto______.（作者写这段文字的主要目的是？）What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?（这篇文章的主要目的是？）二、细节理解题做这种题目要注意注意提干中的标识语，带着问题有目的地寻找某一特定信息。题干中的标识语就是寻找答案的"路标词"，如人物/时间/地点等。常见题型：1、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?（下列哪个陈述是正确的？）2、Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（文中没有提到下列哪一项？）3、Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.（作者（文章）指出____）4、Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?（根据文章，什么时候（哪里，为什么，如何，谁，什么，哪个等等）____）三、推理判断题重点题型，通常占总题目的30%左右。着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容为前提，要求你在理解文章直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），理解作者的言外之意（impliedmeaning)。透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。1、Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.（文章暗示了____)2、Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.(我们能从文章中得出的结论是_____）3、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?（可以得出哪个推论？）4、Whatisthetone(语气)/attitude(态度)oftheauthor?（作者的语气/态度是什么？）5、Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?（这篇文章的目的是什么？）6、Thepassageisintendedto_____.（文章的目的是_____)7、Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?(这段文字最可能出现在什么地方？)四、词义猜测题词义理解是阅读理解能力的重要指标。无论一个人的词汇量有多大，都会在阅读中碰到生词。对词义的理解往往会影响到对全文的准确把握。阅读过程中，对于不妨碍全文理解和出现频率较低的生词，跳过即可。答题小技巧：先读题目，有的放矢。快读全文，了解大意。细读关键，解决问题。四个"W"和一个"H"，永远要牢记。(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)（哪里，为什么，如何，谁，什么，哪个等等_）常见解法：①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。②归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。③综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。④捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。⑤转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。⑥排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。再读原文，核对答案，满分必会，养成习惯。实战训练实战训练1．AyearbookisatraditionofhighschoollifeintheUnitedStates.Thebookincludesthename，photo，andsignature（签名）ofeachstudentinyourfinalyear，sothatyoucanrememberwhoyouwenttoschoolwith.A15YearOldgirlCatherineCookandherbrotherDavidwantedmorethanthis.Theythought，"Whynothaveayearbookonline？Youcouldlearnaboutpeople'smusictastes，themoviestheylike，andsoon."CatherinethoughtofthenameMyYearbook.，andthelogo（标志）.Toadvertisethewebsite，CatherineandDavidworeTShirtswiththewebsitelogotoschoolandsoonhundredsoftheirschoolmatesbecamefansofthewebsite.ShespentmanyeveningstalkingonthephonetoprogrammersinIndia，andcollectingideasfromherschoolmates.ThenherolderbrotherGeoffcameupwiththemoneytostartupthewebsite.MyYearbookuserscanjoininthefunbysendingmessagesand"collecting"friends.TheycanwatchthesamevideosfromfilmsandTVprograms，andsharemusic，photos，homeworkandstudyguides.Someteensfeeltheycanmakefriendseasilyonline.Chattingonlinehelpssomeshypeoplenottofeelleftout.Userscanalsomake"LunchMoney"bydoingactivitiesonthewebsite.TheycanthenspendtheirLunchMoneyongifts，ordonateittocharities.Theyhavesaved0.3k㎡ofrainforest，cleanedupmillionkgofCO2，sent22，000bookstoAfrica，andbought20，000kgofriceforpeoplewithoutenoughfood.RunningthewebsitedidnotstopCatherineandDavidfromfinishingtheirschoolworksuccessfully，andgoingontouniversitywheretheystillspent50hoursaweekonthewebsite.（1）WhogottheideaofsettingupmyYearbook.？CA.Geoff.B.AUShighschool.C.CatherineandDavidD.Indianprogrammers.（2）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase"leftout"？CA.已离开B.在左边C.受冷落D.受欺骗（3）Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothestory？Ba.Startupthewebsiteb.Thinkofthenameandlogoc.Collectideasfromschoolmatesd.Goontouniversitye.WearTShirtswiththewebsitelogoA.ECABDB.BECADC.DBCEAD.CBDEA（4）InParagraph4，thewriterusesmanynumbers，suchas0.3km，millionkg，22，000，20，000kg，inordertoshowthatD.A.ThereissolittlerainforestonearthB.ThereissomuchCO2intheairC.UserscanbuyalotofbooksandriceD.Usershavedonealotforcharities（5）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？CA.TheCooksB.LunchMoneyC.AyearbookonlineD.UShighschoollife文章主旨：短文讲了美国的高中通过做一个纪念册来纪念和谁一起上过学，Catherine和David有一个网络年鉴的想法，详细的介绍了他们对网站的宣传，及其网站的一些内容和带来的一些作用。答案详解：（1）细节理解题。根据A15YearOldgirlCatherineCookandherbrotherDavidwantedmorethanthis.Theythought，"Whynothaveayearbookonline？Youcouldlearnaboutpeople'smusictastes，themoviestheylike，andsoon."（一个15岁的女孩CatherineCook和她的哥哥David想要的不仅仅是这些。他们想："为什么不在网上做一本年鉴呢？你可以了解人们的音乐品味，他们喜欢的电影，等等。"）可知是Catherine和David有一个网络年鉴的想法。故选C。（2）词义猜测题。根据Someteensfeeltheycanmakefriendseasilyonline.Chattingonlinehelpssomeshypeoplenottofeelleftout.（一些青少年觉得他们可以很容易地在网上交朋友。在线聊天可以帮助一些害羞的人不感到被。）联系前句可猜测出下划线短语leftout的意思应为：受冷落。故选C。（3）细节排序题。根据CatherinethoughtofthenameMyYearbook.，andthelogo（标志）.Toadvertisethewebsite，CatherineandDavidworeTShirtswiththewebsitelogotoschoolandsoonhundredsoftheirschoolmatesbecamefansofthewebsite.ShespentmanyeveningstalkingonthephonetoprogrammersinIndia，andcollectingideasfromherschoolmates.ThenherolderbrotherGeoffcameupwiththemoneytostartupthewebsite.（Catherine想起了我的年鉴这个名字，网址和标志。为了宣传这个网站，Catherine和David穿着印有网站标志的T恤去上学，很快他们的数百名同学就成了这个网站的粉丝。她花了很多晚上和印度的程序员通，收集同学们的想法。然后，她的哥哥Geoff拿出钱来创办这个网站。）以及RunningthewebsitedidnotstopCatherineandDavidfromfinishingtheirschoolworksuccessfully，andgoingontouniversitywheretheystillspent50hoursaweekonthewebsite.（运行该网站并没有影响Catherine和David顺利完成学业，他们仍然每周在网站上花50个小时，继续上大学。）可知故事的正确的顺序应是：bECAD。故选B。（4）细节判断题。根据TheycanthenspendtheirLunchMoneyongifts，ordonateittocharities.Theyhavesaved0.3k㎡ofrainforest，cleanedupmillionkgofCO2，sent22，000bookstoAfrica，andbought20，000kgofriceforpeoplewithoutenoughfood.（然后他们可以把午餐的钱花在礼物上，或者捐给慈善机构。他们拯救了0.3平方千米热带雨林，它清除了数百万公斤的二氧化碳，向非洲发送了2.2万本书，并为没有足够食物的人们购买了2万公斤大米。）可推断出在第4段中，作者使用了许多数字，例如0.3平方千米，百万公斤，22000，20000公斤，以表明用户为慈善事业做了很多事情。故选D。（5）最佳标题题。通读全文，根据CatherinethoughtofthenameMyYearbook.，andthelogo（标志）.Toadvertisethewebsite，CatherineandDavidworeTShirtswiththewebsitelogotoschoolandsoonhundredsoftheirschoolmatesbecamefansofthewebsite.ShespentmanyeveningstalkingonthephonetoprogrammersinIndia，andcollectingideasfromherschoolmates.ThenherolderbrotherGeoffcameupwiththemoneytostartupthewebsite.（Catherine想起了我的年鉴这个名字。网址和标志。为了宣传这个网站，Catherine和David穿着印有网站标志的T恤去上学，很快他们的数百名同学就成了这个网站的粉丝。她花了很多晚上和印度的程序员通，收集同学们的想法。然后，她的哥哥Geoff拿出钱来创办这个网站。）短文讲了美国的高中通过做一个纪念册来纪念和谁一起上过学，Catherine和David有一个网络年签的想法，详细的介绍了他们对网站的宣传，及其网站的一些内容和带来的一些作用。故最佳标题应为：在线年鉴。故选C。2．Onceuponatime，peoplecouldnotwriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonflatsheetsmadefrompapyrus（纸莎草）plants.Theygluedmanypapyrussheetstogethertomakeonelongstrip（条）.Thentheyrolledthestriparoundasticktomakeascroll.Peopleinotherareasalsousedparchment（羊皮纸）instead.InancientChina，bookslookedalittledifferent.Peopletherefirstcarved（雕刻）wordsintoboneortortoiseshell（龟壳）.Latertheyusedinktowriteonstripsofbambooorsilk.ThentheChineseinvented（发明）paper.Thefirstpaperwasmadefromwastecloth，butlaterplantmaterialswerealsoused.Theinventionspreadslowlyacrosstheworld，reachingEuropeinthe1100s.Thenpeopleusedpapertomakeearlybooks.Butalltheseearlybooksstillhadonebigproblem.Everysinglebookhadtobecopiedoutbyhand.Iftherewerepictures，eachpagehadtobepaintedbyhand，oneatatime.ThismadebooksrareandexpensiveThoughalsoverybeautiful.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.In1040，amannamedBiShenginventedmovabletypeprinting（活字印刷）.MovabletypeworkedbycarvingasingleChinesewordonablockofwoodorclay.Thesecouldthenbetogetherwithotherwordstocreatesentences，orwholepages.Inthe1400sJohannesGutenbergofGermanyinventedanewwayofprinting.ItusedmovabletypeMetallettersthatcouldbearranged（排列）andrearrangedtoformwords.Italsousedamachinecalledapress.Gutenberg'sinventionsmadeprintingbecamefasterandeasier.Asmorebooksbecameeasytoget，morepeoplelearnttoread.Inthepast，bookswerealuxuryonlytherichcouldbuy.Butwiththeprintingpress，theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.（1）WhatdidtheancientChinesefirstuseaspaper？CA.Papyrussheets.B.Parchment.C.Boneortortoiseshell.D.Stripsofbambooorsilk.（2）Whywereearlybooksrareandexpensive？BA.Becausetheinventionofpaperspreadslowlyacrosstheworld.B.Becauseeverybookincludingpictureshadtobecopiedoutbyhand.C.Becauseancientpeopledidn'thaveenoughmoneytobuybooks.D.BecausepeopleinancientEuropedidn'tinventpaperliketheChinese.（3）Whoinventedthemachinecalledapress？DA.TheancientEgyptians.B.TheancientChinese.C.BiSheng.D.JohannesGutenberg.（4）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"luxury"？CA.SomethingoldB.SomethingnewC.SomethingexpensiveD.Somethingcheap（5）What'sthemainideaofParagraph5？CA.Theinventionofparchment.B.Theinventionofpaper.C.Theinventionofmovabletypeprinting.D.TheinventionofChinesewords.文章主旨：本文主要介绍了信息的记录手段的革新。答案详解：（1）细节理解题。根据InancientChina，bookslookedalittledifferent.Peopletherefirstcarved（雕刻）wordsintoboneortortoiseshell（龟壳）.（在中国古代，书籍看起来有点不同。那里的人首先把文字刻在骨头或龟壳上。）可知，古代中国是用骨头和龟壳来当纸用的。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据Everysinglebookhadtobecopiedoutbyhand.Iftherewerepictures，eachpagehadtobepaintedbyhand，oneatatime.（每一本书都必须手工抄写。如果有图画，每一页都必须手工画，一次画一页。）可知，书本很贵的原因是只能手工复制。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据Italsousedamachinecalledapress.Gutenberg'sinventionsmadeprintingbecamefasterandeasier.（它还使用了一种叫做压力印刷机的机器。古腾堡的发明使印刷术变得更快更容易。）可知，古腾堡发明了压力印刷机。故选D。（4）词义猜测题。根据onlytherichcouldbuy.（只有富人才能买。）可知，此处指的是很贵的东西，所以只有富人才买得起。所以luxury意为"奢侈品"。故选C。（5）段落大意题。根据Butwiththeprintingpress，theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.（但随着印刷术的出现，它们很快就成了人人都能享用的珍宝。）以及通读本段可知，本段主要说的是中国的活字印刷术。故选C。3．"Itmustbeperfect!"KariedoubleCheckedthewordsonherspellingtestbeforehandinginherpaper.Ifshegot100percenttodayshe'dwinherclass'sFirstQuarterSpellingChallengealongwithanewdictionaryandothercoolthings.What'smore，Ms.MeCormaskIhadpromisedtodoahandstandifanyonegotaperfectscore.Afterthebreak，Ms.McCormackwalkedtothefrontoftheroomandclearedherthroat（嗓子）."Congratulations，Karie!Youdidit!"Sheannouncedwhileupsidedown.Thewholeclasscheered.Ms.McCormackrightedherselfandpresentedKariewithherprize.Kaniesmiledasshereadthewordsonthebox：ToKarieCarter，forherperfectfirstQuarterscorespelling."Mum，everything'ssoperfect!"AssoonasKairewasathome，sheshowedMumherspellingtestandprize."Everywordissoperfect!Nicely，honestly..."Kare'sstomachfumbled（翻滚）.HONESLY!Nothonestly!"Karie，what'sthematter？"saidMum."Idon'tfeelsogood，"Kariesaid，stuffingthetestpaperintoherschoolbag.Kariewalkedslowlydownthehallandfellontoherbed.Howcouldshetelltheclassshehadn'twontheprizeafterall？McCormackdidthehandstandfornothing？SoonKarieheardherdadandKevinein.Thesmellofpizzafromthekitchenwasalovertheair.Kariethoughtbacktothelasttimethey'dpickeduppizza，afterKevin'sschoolplay.TheyhadalmostreachedhomewhenMomrealizedtheshopkeeperhadgiventhemtoomuchchange."Let'sturnaround，"Momhadsaid.McCormackwasunlockingtheclassroomdoorwhenKariegottoschoolthenextmorning.Shegaveherteacherthespellingpaperandthedictionary."Ican'tkeepthis.Imisspelledhonestlyandyoudidn'tcatchit."Foramoment，McCormackstoodquietlyreadingthewordsonthepaper.Thenshepickedupherpen.ShecrossedoutthewordperfectandwrotehonestbeforehandingthedictionarybacktoKarie.Karie'sjaw（下巴）dropped."Igettokeepthis？Honestly？""Forhonestly，no.""Butforhonesty，yes."（1）HowdidKariefeelwhenshehandedinherpaperafterthetest？CA.Calm.B.Bored.C.Confident.D.Worried.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？BA.Karieneverthoughtshewouldeverwinthetest.B.Kariewassurprisedtoknowshecouldkeeptheprize.C.McCormackwassurethatsomeonewouldgetaperfectscore.D.McCormackdidn'tdoahandstandbecauseofKarie'smistake.（3）Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrecttimeorderoftheevents？Da.Karierealizedshehadmadeamistake.b.Karie'steacherdidahandlstand.C.Karie'smumreturnedthechange.d.Kariekepttheprizeforherhonesty.A.BADC.B.BACD.C.CABD.D.CBAD.（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage？CA.APerfectGirlB.AHelpfulTeacherC.AnHonestMistakeD.AnImportantTest文章主旨：这篇短文主要讲述了Karie主动向老师坦白自己拼写错误的事情。答案详解：（1）推理判断题。根据第一段"Itmustbeperfect!"KariedoubleCheckedthewordsonherspellingtestbeforehandinginherpaper.（"一定很完美！"Karie在交卷之前仔细检查了拼写测试上的单词。）可知，Karie在交测试纸的时候应该是自信的。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Karie'sjawdropped."Igettokeepthis？Honestly？"（Karie的下巴掉了下来。"我可以保留这个？Honestly？）可知，Karie很惊讶她能保住这个奖品。故选B。（3）细节推理题。根据第二段Sheannouncedwhileupsidedown.（她倒立着宣布。）第三段Kare'sstomachfumbled.HONESLY！Nothonestly！（Kare的胃在翻滚。HONESTLY！不是honestly！）第七段Kariethoughtbacktothelasttimethey'dpickeduppizza，afterKevin'sschoolplay.TheyhadalmostreachedhomewhenMomrealizedtheshopkeeperhadgiventhemtoomuchchange."Let'sturnaround，"Momhadsaid.（Karie回想起上次他们去买披萨是在凯文的学校演出之后。当妈妈意识到店主给了他们太多零钱时，他们快到家了。"我们回去吧，"妈妈说。）以及倒数第三段ShecrossedoutthewordperfectandwrotehonestbeforehandingthedictionarybacktoKarie.（她划掉了"完美"这个词，写了"诚实"，然后把字典还给了Karie。）可知，正确的顺序应为cBAD。故选D。（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段"Forhonestly，no.""Butforhonesty，yes."（"因为honestly，不。""是因为honesty，是的。"）结合全文内容，主要讲述了Karie主动向老师坦白自己拼写错误的事情，可知，本文的标题应为"一个诚实的错误"。故选C。4．Adoctorwasfamousforhisskills.Oncehemetalittlechildwhowasbadlyill.Thankstothedoctor'sskillandcare，hisyoungpatientgotwellandcouldgetupandrunagain.Thechild'smotherwasverythankfultothedoctor，andshevisitedhimtothankhimforwhathedidforherchild."Doctor，"shesaid，"yousavedmylittleson.Idon'tknowhowtothankyouenough.Ifeelthatmoneyalonecannotrepayyou，soImakethislittlepursewithmyownhands，asasignofmygratitude（感激）.Ihopeyouwillacceptit."Thedoctorstoodupandsaidcoldly，"Madam，alittlepresentlikethatisverynicebetweenfriends，butadoctorneedstobepaidproperlyforwhathehasdone."Theladywassosurprisedthatshecouldnotreplyforamoment.Thenshesaidquietly，"Perhapsyouwilltellmehowmuchyourfee（费用）is.""Fiftypounds，"heanswered.TheladyopenedthelittlepurseandtookoutfourfiftyPoundbanknotes.Shegaveoneofthemtothedoctor，andputtheotherthreebackintothepurse.Sheputthepurseintoherhandbag，saidgoodbyetothedoctorandwentoutoftheroom.（1）Whywastheladythankfultothedoctor？CA.Becausehesavedherlife.B.Becauseheoftenvisitedher.C.Becausehesavedherson'slife.D.Becausehegavehersomemoney.（2）Whydidthedoctorrefusethelady'spurse？DA.Becausethepursewastooexpensive.B.Becausetheladywasnotkindtohim.C.Becausethepurseshouldbegivenbetweenfriends.D.Becausehethoughttheladygavehimthepursewithoutanymoneyinit.（3）Howdidtheladyfeelafterthedoctorrefusedherpurse？DA.Happy.B.Worried.C.Excited.D.Surprised.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？DA.Thedoctorwasverykind.B.Theladywasunfriendlyandcold.C.Theladydidn'tpaythedoctoranymoney.D.Theladywantedtogivethedoctor200poundsatfirst.文章主旨：文章主要介绍了一位著名的医生用其高超的医术拯救了一位重病的小男孩，其妈妈为了感谢这位医生，亲手缝制了一个钱包要送给这个医生，医生却拒绝了，要了50英镑作为回报。答案详解：（1）细节理解题。根据Thechild'smotherwasverythankfultothedoctor，andshevisitedhimtothankhimforwhathedidforherchild.（孩子的母亲非常感谢医生，她来看望他，感谢他为她的孩子所做的一切。）可知这位女士感谢医生，因为他救了她儿子的命。故选C。（2）细节判断题。根据Thedoctorstoodupandsaidcoldly，"Madam，alittlepresentlikethatisverynicebetweenfriends，butadoctorneedstobepaidproperlyforwhathehasdone."（医生站了起来，冷冷地说："太太，这样的小礼物在朋友之间是很好的，但是医生需要为他的所作所为得到应有的报酬。"）可推断出医生拒绝接受这位女士的钱包，因为他以为那个女人给他的钱包里没有钱。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据Theladywassosurprisedthatshecouldnotreplyforamoment.（那位女士惊讶得一时说不出话来。）可知医生拒绝了她的钱包后，这位女士感觉很惊讶。故选D。（4）推理判断题。根据TheladyopenedthelittlepurseandtookoutfourfiftyPoundbanknotes.Shegaveoneofthemtothedoctor，andputtheotherthreebackintothepurse.（女士打开小钱包，拿出四张五十英镑的钞票。她把其中一张给了医生，又把另外三张放回了钱包。）可推断出这位女士一开始想给医生200英镑。故选D。5．Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewholivedinancient（longago）Britainquicklyevolvedtodealwithalackofsunlight.Evolutioniswhenlivingthingschangeovertimetosurvive.JonathanTerhorstfromtheUniversityofMichiganandIainMathiesonfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania，bothintheUS，lookedatdatafromthegenesof529peoplewholivedinBritainoverthepast4，500years.DNAingenesisachemicalthatcarriesalltheinformationaboutyourbody.TheteamfoundthatthelevelsofvitaminDandcalciuminhumans'bodiesinBritainsuddenlyincreased.VitaminDisasubstancethathumansmakenaturallywhentheirskinisexposedtosunlight，andithelpsbonestogrowstraightandstrong.HumansevolvedinAfrica，wherethereisplentyofsunshine.However，whentheymovedtoplaceslikeBritain，wherethereisnotmuchsunlight，theywerefacedwithaproblemManyofthemcouldn'tmakemuchvitaminD.TheearliestarrivalsinBritaingotvitaminDbyeatingoilyfishbutpeoplegraduallymovedtogrowingcropsinsteadoffishing.Thismadethemshortoftheessentialvitamin.Theresearchersfoundthataroundthistime，humansinBritainquicklyevolvedtohavepaleskin，whichabsorbsmorelightformakingvitaminD.Thischangewasanexampleofnaturalselection，whichiswhenhardconditionsmakeparticulargenesneededforsurvival.Thosewhohavethegenesaremorelikelytosurviveandpasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration.YoucanalsomakeupforalackofvitaminDbyeatingmorecalcium，whichhelpsbonesgrow.Milkisasourceofcalciumbuttodigest（消化）ityouneedtomakeasubstanceinyourgutcalledlactase.Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However，thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.ThismeanttheycouldcarryondrinkingmilkSotheykeptcows.Thisextracalcium，alongwiththeirpaleskin'suseofwhatsunshinetherewas，helpedthemsurvive.（1）InancientBritain，peopleevolvedinordertoC.A.HavepaleskinB.TakemorevitaminDC.GetusedtotheweatherD.Makemorelactasetodigestmilk（2）PeopleshouldD，iftheycannotgetenoughvitaminD.A.DrinklittlemilkB.ChangetheirgenesC.MovetoplaceslikeBritainD.Takepartinmoreoutdooractivities（3）BritishpeoplehavestrongerabilitiestoAthanmanypeopleallovertheworld.A.DigestmilkB.KeepcowsC.CatchoilyfishD.Changetheirgenes（4）Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage？A①HumansevolvedinAfrica.②Britishpeopleevolvedtodigestmilkbetter.③Peoplestartedgrowingmorecropsinsteadoffishing.④BritishpeopleateoilyfishformorevitaminD.A.①④③②B.④②①③C.①③④②D.③①②④文章主旨：本文主要讲述了英国人的进化。答案详解：（1）细节理解题。根据Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewholivedinancient（longago）Britainquicklyevolvedtodealwithalackofsunlight.（一项新的研究发现，生活在古代英国的人们迅速进化以应对阳光不足。）可知，在古代英国，人们进化是为了习惯这种天气。故选C。（2）细节推理题。根据VitaminDisasubstancethathumansmakenaturallywhentheirskinisexposedtosunlight，andithelpsbonestogrowstraightandstrong.（维生素D是人类皮肤暴露在阳光下时自然产生的一种物质，它可以帮助骨骼变得笔直和强壮。）可知，如果人们不能获得足够的维生素D，就应该多参加户外活动。故选D。（3）细节推理题。根据Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However，thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.（世界上许多人长大后不能制造乳糖酶。然而，研究发现，英国的早期人类进化到即使在成年后也能持续产生乳糖酶。）可推知，英国人有更强的消化牛奶的能力。故选A。（4）文章排序题。根据第三段HumansevolvedinAfrica，wherethereisplentyofsunshine.（人类在非洲进化，那里阳光充足。）可知，①HumansevolvedinAfrica.（人类在非洲进化。）排第一；根据TheearliestarrivalsinBritaingotvitaminDbyeatingoilyfishbutpeoplegraduallymovedtogrowingcropsinsteadoffishing.（最早到达英国的人通过吃油鱼获得维生素D，但人们逐渐转向种植作物而不是捕鱼。）可知，④BritishpeopleateoilyfishformorevitaminD.（英国人吃油鱼是为了获取更多的维生素d。）排第二；③Peoplestartedgrowingmorecropsinsteadoffishing.（人们开始种植更多的农作物，而不是捕鱼。）排第三；根据Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However，thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.（世界上许多人长大后不能制造乳糖酶。然而，研究发现，英国的早期人类进化到即使在成年后也能持续产生乳糖酶。）可知，②Britishpeopleevolvedtodigestmilkbetter.（英国人进化到更好的消化牛奶。）排第四。故选A。6．DetroitPublicRadioOnewayyoucanhelpDetroitPublicRadioisvolunteeringyourtimeduringoneofthestation'sfundRaisingevents，suchasWDET'sPledgeDrive.Wearealwayslookingforvolunteerstohelpthestation.TaichungPAWSAnyonewithaninterestinhelpinganimalsisweletojoinus，whetheryouwanttovolunteerforashorttimeoralongtime.Ifyouloveanimals，pleasejoinus!RNIBRNIBstudiesthecausesofblindnessandhelpspeoplepreventit.Italsooffersadviceoneyehealth.Moreover，RNIBrunsanonlineshop.Peoplecanhelpthecharitybydoingthevoluntaryworkorbuyingproductsonline.HeiferInternationalHeiferInternationalisacharitytoendworldhunger.Itgivessomeanimalstothefarmersinneed.Eachfarmermustgivehisanimal'sfirstfemalebabytoanotheroneinneed.Thecharityalsoprovidestrainingonanimals'healthandfeeding.（1）WhatisWDET'sPledgeDrive？CA.Aradiostation.B.Achildren'shospital.C.AfundRaisingevent.D.Aninternationalcharity.（2）IfDavidlovesanimalsalot，hemaybeinterestedinB.A.DetroitPublicRadioB.TaichungPAWSC.RNIBD.HeiferInternational（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？CA.Thefourorganizationsareallcharitiesforhumans.B.ThedoctorsatRNIBjustworktocurethediseasesofeyes.C.DetroitPublicRadioandTaichungPAWSarelookingforvolunteers.D.FarmersinHeiferInternationalmustgivealltheanimals'babiestoothers.文章主旨：文章以表格的形式向我们介绍了四个栏目，号召大家积极参与。答案详解：（1）细节理解题。根据DetroitPublicRadio一栏中oneofthestation'sfundRaisingevents，suchasWDET'sPledgeDrive.（电台的募捐活动之一，如WDET的认捐活动。）可知，WDET'sPledgeDrive是一个筹款活动。故选C。（2）细节推理题。根据TaichungPAWS一栏中Ifyouloveanimals，pleasejoinus!（如果你喜欢动物，请加入我们！）可知，热爱动物的David可能对TaichungPAWS感兴趣。故选B。（3）推理判断题。根据DetroitPublicRadio一栏中的Wearealwayslookingforvolunteerstohelpthestation.（我们一直在寻找志愿者来帮助车站。）和TaichungPAWS一栏中的whetheryouwanttovolunteerforashorttimeoralongtime.（无论你想做短期志愿者还是长期志愿者。）可知，DetroitPublicRadio和TaichungPAWS都在招募志愿者。则C项表述正确。故选C。7．Infrontofthehousetherewasabeach.Peterlikedtolieonthestand（看台）whenthesunwaswarmingit.Fromthebackdoorofthehousehewouldwalkalongapathasfarasthesand，andstandbythewaterlookingatthesea.Whennothingveryinterestingwashappeningonthewater，hewouldgodownonhiskneesandtakeahandfulofsand.Throughhisfingersranthesanduntilonlysmallstonesandshellswereleft.Then，withalargesweepofhisarmandwithasmuchstrength（力气）aspossible，Peterwouldthrowthemawayasfarashecould.Atothertimes，hewouldlieonhisbackandlookattheclouds，hishandsidly（漫不经心地）searchingthesandathissides.Heneverstoppedplayingwiththesandandfeelingitrunthroughhisfingers.Helosthimselfinthechangesoftheclouds.Fromtimetotimesomefishingboatscamecloseenoughtothebeach.Petercouldseewhatthefishermenweredoing.Thenwithhishandsclasped（紧握）hewouldlookandlook，whilehiswholebodymovedwiththeboatfromsidetoside.Whenthefishermenpulledtheirnetsorthrewthemintothewater，Peterwoulddothesamewithanimaginary（想象的）netfromhisplaceonthebeach.Onthissmallbeach，Peterhadaworldofhisown.（1）ThispassagemainlytellsaboutC.A.ThebeachB.ThefishermenC.Peter'sloveforthebeachD.Thehousebythebeach（2）WhendidPeterlieonthesand？BA.Whenthesunwaswarmingthebeach.B.Whenthecloudswereflyingby.C.Whenfishermenwerethrowingthenets.D.Whenfishingboatswereingtothebeach.（3）WhatwasthelastthingPeterdid？BA.Hemovedhisbodyfromsidetoside.B.Hepulledandthrewhisnetinhismind.C.Hefeltthesandrunthroughhisfingers.D.Helookedattheboatswithhishandsclasped.文章主旨：这篇文章主要讲述Peter对海滩的热爱。答案详解：（1）C.归纳总结题。根据文章"Onthissmallbeach，Peterhadaworldofhisown."（他在这个小海滩上，彼得有了自己的世界）可知，这篇文章主要讲述Peter对海滩的热爱。故选C。（2）B.细节推理题。根据句意"Atothertimes，hewouldlieonhisbackandlookattheclouds，hishandsidly（漫不经心地）searchingthesandathissides.Heneverstoppedplayingwiththesandandfeelingitrunthroughhisfingers.Helosthimselfinthechangesoftheclouds."（有时，他会仰面躺着，看着云朵，双手懒懒地在他身边的沙子上搜寻。他一直在玩沙子，感觉沙子从他的手指里流出来。他在云层的变化中迷失了自我。）可知，当云飞过的时候时候Peter躺在沙滩上的。故选B。（3）B.细节推理题。根据句意"Whenthefishermenpulledtheirnetsorthrewthemintothewater，Peterwoulddothesamewithanimaginary（想象的）netfromhisplaceonthebeach."（当渔夫们拉网或把网扔进水中时，Peter也会想象着他自己用同样的方法做同样的事情）可知，Peter做的最后一件事是想象着他拉着网或把网扔进水中，故选B。8．It'sbeenwelloverayearsinceCOVID﹣19firstappeared.Althoughtheviruscontinuedtobeaprobleminmanypartsoftheworld，thingsarestartingtoturnbackinourfavorwiththehelpofvaccines（疫苗）.VaccinedevelopmentstartedinFebruary2020，whenitbecamecleartoscientiststhatasolutiontothepandemic（流行病）wouldneedaglobalefforttovaccinateasmanypeopleaspossible.TheCOVAX（COVID﹣19vaccinesGlobalAccess）mechanism（机制）wasthencreatedtoensureequalaccesstosafeandeffectivevaccinesforallcountriesandregions，accordingtoBusinessWorld.Althoughtherehavebeenrumors（谣言）aboutvaccinesbeingunsafe，themajorityofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity（大规模免疫）inordertostopthevirusfrombeingspread.ZhangWenhong，China'sleadingexpertsoninfectiousdiseases，saidit'sgoodthattheworldhasetounderstandthatvaccineswillprotectus，accordingtoGlobalTimes.Zhangaddedthathumanbeingsbelongtoonefamily.Vaccinesareakindofmedicinethatweallmustsha