127Module12模块小结（练习）（原卷版）

Module12Saveourworld模块小结思维导图思维导图知识要点一知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。要点1pollutionpollution的用法pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染”。其动词形式为pollute。【拓展】与pollution相关的短语【典例分析】1.Thereisless____________(pollute)inSuzhouthaninothercitiesinChina.2.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecausetheenvironmentisseriously____________(pollute).3.Thisriverisdirtybecauseitis________bythewaterfromthatchemistryfactory.A.reduced

B.polluted

C.included

D.created4.Sleepingwithlightsonisa.You’dbettermakesureallthelightsareoffbeforeyougotobed.A.pollution B.action C.waste D.collection要点2It’snousedoingsth是固定句式,意为“做某事是没有用的”该句型中的“doingsth”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。“It’snousedoingsth”相当于“Thereisnousedoingsth” “It’suselessdoing/todosth.”或“It’sofnousedoing/todosth.”【拓展】It’sfundoingsth.做某事很有趣Itisnogooddoingsth.做某事不好/没用/不行It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.做某事是白费时间/金钱【典例分析】1.光说不做是没有用的。It________________________talkingwithout

doing.2.跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。It_______________________talkingtohimbecauseheneverlistens.3.在她目前的心情下，找她谈是白费时间。It’s_______________________________tryingtotalktoherwhenshe’sinthismood.4.打高尔夫球很有意思It’s_______________playinggolf.4.Thereisnousestayingathome.(同义句改写)【答案】It’snousestayingathome.5.It’snousethemaboutit.

A.tell B.totellC.telling D.tells6.Itisno____arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.way B.help C.time D.use要点3hopelessadj.无望的；无可救药的Theyfeel

hopeless

abouttheirfuture.

他们感到前途无望。【知识链接】less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。homeless无家可归的helpless无助的useless没用的nameless莫名的voiceless无声的endless无尽的colorless暗淡的【典例分析】1.Jackfailedthemathsexamagain.Hefelt________andwantedtogiveup.A.helpful

B.successful

C.careless

D.hopeless2.Hefailedhisjobinterviewagain,andhefeltreally________(withnohope)aboutthefuture.

3.Wetriedtostopthefirefromspreading，butweknewitwas．（help）要点4waste做名词，意为“浪费”，为不可数名词。awasteoftime/money/energy是固定词组，意为“浪费时间/金钱/精力”。waste做名词时还可表示“废弃物”，为不可数名词。waste可作动词，意为“浪费”。wastetime/money(in)doing/onsth.表示“在做某事上浪费时间/金钱”。It’sawasteofmoneytobuythingsyoudon’tneed.购买你不需要的东西是浪费金钱。【典例分析】1.AfterdinnerMumaskedmetothrowthe_______inthebowlsinthebagontheground.

A.fly

B.waste

C.sand

D.scarf2.Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproduceeverydayanditisharmfultoourenvironment.

A.dreams B.trouble C.problems D.waste3.妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。Mumthinksit________________________________________toplayputergames.4.这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。Theriverwas_________________________________________fromthefactory要点5beadangertosb/sth对某人/某物有危害danger本文用作可数名词,表示具体的“危害”。当danger表示抽象的“危险、风险”时,是不可数名词,beindanger“处于险境之中”。拓展：beindangerof有……的危险beoutofdanger脱离危险要点6注意try,mean接不定式和Ving的区别mean意为“意味着,意思是”时,后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句;meandoingsth意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)……mean意为“打算,意图”时,后常跟动词不定式。meantodosth打算/意欲做……tryone’sbesttodosth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。trytodosth意为“尽力做某事”(但不一定成功)。trydoingsth意为“试着做某事”要点7dividev.意为“分开;分隔”。divide…into…意为“把……分成……”。dividedup分配辨析：divide与separatedivide指把一个整体分成几个部分,常与into搭配。separate指把两个人或物分离开,常与from搭配。【典例分析】1.InEnglishclassyesterday,thestudents________intofivegroupstofinishthetask.A.divided

B.weredivided

C.divide

D.aredivided2.TherearefourpeopleinmyfamilysoI________thecake________fourpieces.A.put;up

B.bring;in

C.cut;out

D.divide;into3.那个苹果刚才被分成了相等的两份。Theapple______________________________twohalvesjustnow要点8dowith意为“处理”,常与疑问词what连用。dowith还可以表示“与……有关；”与……相处。辨析：dowith与dealwithdowith处理;对付;应付常与what连用侧重于对某事物的利用或处置dealwith常与how连用强调处理问题的方式、办法【典例分析】1.Ittookmealmostawholedaytosomanyemails.

A.dowith B.cutinC.cheerfor D.runout2.Janeisverybusythesedays，forshehasalotofproblemsto_____.A.dealwith B.keepupwithC.agreewith D.eupwith3.—Whatareyougoingto________thebed?—IhavepromisedMr.Whitetosendittohim.A.lookinto

B.thinkof

C.dowith

D.searchfor要点9harmfuladj.表示“有害的”,其反义词是harmless（无害的）。harmn.&v.（伤害;害处）。beharmfulto意为“对……有害处”,相当于bebadfor,其反义短语是begoodfor,其近义短语是doharmto（对……造成伤害）。2.It’sharmfultodosth做某事是有害的。拓展：dosb/sthharm=doharmtosb/sth伤害某人/某物【典例分析】1.Smokingis________toyou.A.harm B.harmful C.harms D.harmless2.Itis_____toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.

A.hopeless B.hopeful C.harmless D.harmful3.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。Watchingtoomuchdo________________youreyes.4.被污染的水对鱼类有害。Pollutedwaterisfish.要点10begoodfor对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。反义短语：bebadfor对……有害拓展:①begoodat意为“擅长”。同义短语：dowellin②begoodto意为“对……友好”③begoodwith意为“善于应付……的”。【典例分析】1.Thiskindoffoodwillbe______you,andifyoukeeponeatingit,youwillbehealthier.A.goodto B.goodatC.goodfor D.goodwith要点11clothes,cloth,clothing

clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词是复数；cloth指布，为不可数名词；clothing是集合名词，为衣服、服装的总称，用于单数形式。Ourclothingprotectsusagainstthecold.我们的衣服用以御寒。【典例分析】1.Thiskindof________feelsveryfortableanditisusedformakingblouses.A.job

B.bookC.paper

D.cloth2.用clothes,cloth,clothing填空We’recollectingfoodand_________forthepoor.Shehasalotof________inherbedroom.Sheboughtsome_________tomakeherselfadress.要点12throwaway意为“扔掉”，其中away是副词。注意宾语it在throw和away中间。如【拓展】由throw构成的短语：①throwatsb.朝某人扔；②throwdown扔下；推翻；throwoff摆脱；除去；④throwoneselfinto投身于；⑤throwover舍弃；放弃【典例分析】1.Don't________therubbisheverywhere.It'sbadfortheenvironment.A.findout

B.pointout

C.takeaway

D.throwaway2.Don't________thebooks.Wecanuseitagain.A.findout

B.pickup

C.writedown

D.throwaway3.Theoldclothescanbereused.It'sto.

A.waste;throwthemawayB.wasteful;throwthemawayC.waste;throwawaythemD.wasteful;throwawaythem要点131.对……有危险 2.做某事是没用的3.节约能源 4.关灯5.找某人，求见某人 6处理7.把…分成… 8.扔掉9.对某人/某物有害 10.把......变成......11.大量的，许多的 12.作出改变13.期待/盼望某事 14.采取措施做某事15.尽某人最大努力做某事16.打扫，清理17.解决，解答18.照顾，照料19.注意知识要点二：语法知识要点二：语法1.合成构词法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫合成构词法。合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成形容词很常见,多数用作定语,有些作表语;合成名词作主语或宾语;合成动词用作谓语。合成名词classroom（名词+名词)

blackboard（形容词+名词）handwriting（名词+动名词)

afternoon（介词+名词）合成形容词worldwide（名词+形容词)

manmade（名词+过去分词）goodlooking（形容词+现在分词）合成动词overe（副词+动词)

download（副词+动词）合成数词fiftyfour（数词+数词）合成代词somebody（不定代词+名词)

anything

（不定代词+名词）myself

（物主代词+名词）合成副词downstairs（介词+名词）wholeheartedly

（形容词+副词）2.派生构词法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫派生构词法。由此构成的新单词成派生词,加前缀或后缀的单词叫词根。词根是基础,同一个词根加上不同的词缀可以组成不同意义或不同性质的词。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。前缀多改变词义,后缀多改变词性。前缀例词en(使)enable,enrichun（不,非;表示否定）unfriendly,

unpleasant,

unfortable,unlikeunusual,unhappydis（不,非;表示否定）disadvantage,

dishonest,

disagree,dislikein（不,非）incorrect,

informalim(不,非)impossible,impolitere(又,再,重来)review,

rewrite后缀例词or/er/ian(……人,名词后缀)actor,

visitor,

singer,

Australianful(充满的……,形容词后缀)successful,

beautiful,

colourful,

wonderfultion(表示动作、状态,名词后缀)invitation,

population,

predictionless(没有、无,形容词后缀)homeless,

helpless,carelessy(表示性质,形容词后缀)funny,

healthy,

cloudy,

windyal(……的,形容词后缀)traditional,

national,

naturalable(有……特性的,形容词后缀)

fortable,

unforgettableness(状态、性质,名词后缀)

illness,happinessly（以某种方式,副词后缀）quickly,

happily,

slowly3.转化构词法一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性,这种构词法叫转化构词法。单词的形式没有变,只是词性和意思有变化。1.名词转化为动词:shown.展览,展示→showv.表演，展出bookn.书→bookv.预定2.形容词转化为动词:slowadj.慢的→slowv.使放慢3.动词转化为名词:walkv.步行→walkn.步行swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳【典例分析】一、

将A中的单词和B中的单词配对，组成五个合成词。A:super,

world,

house,

over,

goodB:looking,

do,

market,

wife,

famous____________________________________________________________________________二、词型转换(A)根据构词法写出下列单词的反义词。1．healthy________2.careful________3．possible________4.true________5．fortable________6.usual________7．happy________ 8.helpless________(B)写出下列单词的形容词形式。1．friend________ 2.worry________3．waste________ 4.harm________5．use________ 6.health________7．environment________8.pollute________(C)写出下列单词的名词形式。1．collect________ 2.visit________3．teach________ 4.sick________5．happy________ 6.safe________7．honest________ 8.lonely________三、

根据语境用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.It’s__________(usual)forafouryearoldboytowritepoemssowell.

2.MarygothurtinP.E.class.Wesenthertothehospital__________(quick).

3.Asavolunteer,it’sthe________(six)timeforhimtohelpthekidsin

Africa.

4.LaoShewasagreat__________(write)andhe’sespeciallyfamousforhisplay,

Teahouse.5.Manypeopleenjoyreadingebooks,butI__________(like)itasit’sbadfortheeyes.6.How____________(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!7.Whichteamdoyouthinkwillbethe_____________(win)ofthe20thFIFAWorldCup?8.Nickwenthomequitelateandhismotherlookedathim_____________(happy).9.Joanwashappybecauseshewasgivensome____________(use)giftslastweek.10.LiNaisafamoustennis____________(play).11.Hecan’tevenmovebecauseofhis_______________(ill).12.Somewildanimalsmay__________(appear)foreverifwedon’tstophuntingthem.13.Itoftenrains__________(heavy)inthisseasoneveryyear.14.Nanjinglooksmuchmorebeautifulon__________(snow)days.15.Larryhasputontoomuchweightbecauseofhis_________(healthy)diet.16.It’scooland_________(sun)inautumninourhometown.17.Theplanelanded_________(safe)yesterday.18.Playingtoomanyputergamesis____________(harm)toyou.19.Weshouldspeaktotheoldman_____________(polite).20.Heansweredallthequestions___________(correct),sohegotahighgradeinthefinalexam.21.Annahadafeveryesterday,soshewas_____________(able)togotoschool.22.Don’ttelllies.Nobodylikesthose_____________(honest)people.23.Shenzhenisinthe__________(south)partofChina.24.Toimproveyourwritingskills,you’dbetter_____________(development)ahabitofreading.25.Ithinkthisdictionaryis