高中语法定语从句

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句由三部分组成：先行词+关系词+定语从句学好定语从句的关键有4点：①明确关系词的作用有3点：连接，代替和作成分。②会分析定语从句的句子结构，从而确定用关系代词，还是关系副词，而不是简单的根据先行词来确定关系词。③注意一些特殊的定语从句，主要看先行词和先行词前的修饰语，从而确定选用正确的关系词，④尤其记住what，how不能引导定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose;关系副词有:when,where,why.（一）先行词是人①作主语n.+who/that+定语从句（who/that不能省略）②作宾语n.+who/that/whom/\+定从③作定语n.+whose+主语+谓语+…=n.+the主语+ofwhom+谓语…=n.+ofwhomthe主语+谓语…（二）先行词是物①作主语n.+which/that+定语从句（which/that不能省略）②作宾语n.+which/that/\+定从③作定语n.+whose+主语+谓语+…=n.+the主语+ofwhich+谓语…=n.+ofwhichthe主语+谓语…④作状语n.（时间）+when=介词+which+定从n.（地点）+where=介词+which+定从reason（原因）+why=forwhich/省略+定从way（方式）+that=inwhich/省略+定从（三）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级+of+whom/which一般在定语从句中作主语常用此结构的代词有both,all,some,few,little,alittle,many,much,none,half〕Ihaveseenmanyforeigners.Mostofthemareveryclever.Ihaveseenmanyforeigners;Mostofthemareveryclever.IhaveseIhaveseenmanyforeigners,andmostofthemareveryclever.Ihavemanyseenforeigners,mostofwhomareveryclever.2.介词+which/whom一般在定语从句中作状语。根据①定语从句的谓语选择适当的介词。②先行词选用关系代词whom（人）/which（物）。注意：如果定语从句的谓语动词是短语动词，介词不可以提前。如：lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareofIsthistheknifewhichyouarelookingfor?3介词+which+名词（作状语）+定语从句=and+介词+that/this+名词Shesufferedfromillness,inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.=Shesufferedfromillness,andinthatcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.Tomspent4yearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.=Tomspent4yearsincollege,andduringthistimehelearnedFrench4.介词短语+关系代词（作状语）=介词+whose+名词.=and介词+形物代+名词①Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariver.=Heworksinafactory,inwhosefrontthereisariver.②Jackisafamousdoctor,withthehelpofwhomtheysucceedinanoperation.=Jackisafamousdoctor,withwhosehelptheysucceedinanoperation.（四）特殊的定语从句1.当先行词前面有such,so,thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,as在定语从句中可以作主语，宾语和表语，as表示的是与前面名词同类事物但不是同一个事物。如果表示同一事物要选用关系代词that。这时要与sothat引导的结果状语从句区分开来。That在结果状语从句中不作成分。①Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.②Iwanttoread suchabookasyouread.Iwanttoreadabooksuchasyouread.Iwanttoreadthesamebookasyouread.Iwanttoreadabookthesameasyouread.2.当先行词为下列情况时，只用that.不用which.①当先行词是指物的不定代词时，如：all,some,few,little,much,nothing,something,anything,everything,noone时.如：Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.②当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时，或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词③人、物并用时④当先行词被all,every，no，some,any，just，few,much,oneof,theonly，thevery，theright,等修饰时.如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.⑤当主语是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时.如：Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?⑥有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that.Theybuiltasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑦在therebe句型中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。如：Therearetwomenthataretalkingthere.3.在定语从句中只用who而不用that的情况①先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one，anyone，no，one，all，nobody，anybody，none，those，people等时。如Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.②但先行词有较长的后置定语或被其他成分与定语从句分割时。如：Prof.SmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.4.当先行词为下列情况时，只用which,不用that.①关系代词前有介词时。如：Galileobuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.②引导非相限制性从句时。③先行词本身是that时。如：What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.④先行词后有插入语时。如：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyouwillhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.分列式定语从句（即先行词与关系代〔副〕词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分裂开来）①Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedtotheimportantball.②Theprofessorissleepingwhohasjustcomebackfromabroadafterajourney.③Theworldpeople,especiallythepeople,who’refriendlytousdon’tlikewar.6.插入式定语从句（亦称混杂式定语从句，即在关系代词与从句中插入一个句子）①Isuggestyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.②Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery,whichIthinkisimportanttoscience.7.省略式定语从句(即介词+关系代词+不定式；可与介词+关系代词+定语从句结构转换)①Shehasalotofthingswithwhichtodeal（=withwhichsheshoulddeal.8.多重定语从句（两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词）①HesaidhewouldneverforgetthemomentwhenhefirstmetGorkyandwhichheregardedasthehappiestinhislife.9.介词from+where引导的定语从句（此句中的where可与which换用，但用法陈旧）①Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.10.关系代词than引导的定语从句Youspendmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.11.No/never/not+先行词+but(准关系代词)=that…not=who…not没有…不…的①Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim（=nomanwhodidn’tadmirehim.）Thereisnodifficultybutmaybesmoothedaway（=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.）二非限制性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1.that可以引导限制性定语从句，但不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.限制性定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号；非限制性定语从句和主句之间要用逗号。3.限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时可省略，非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时不可省略。4.限制性定语从句一般只修饰先行词；非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰其前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。5.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语；如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明确。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加说明；如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。①Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生