高中英语 名词性从句语法 练习 答 新人教版必修

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载名词性从句【知识要点】在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语howmany/much多少作定语howsoon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语......词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anythingthat无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyonewhose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anythingthat无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyonewho无论谁作主语whomever=anyonewhom无论谁作宾语主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，which,whose，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。1.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。2.用it作形式主语的结构1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat...事实是……Itisanhonorthat...非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常识2)itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat...很自然……Itisstrangethat...奇怪的是……3)itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……4)it＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat...据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证实……3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)Itissaid，(reported)...结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)据说江主席下周要来我校视察。ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)3)Ithappens...，Itoccurs...结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)他考试没及格。Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether...结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)他是不是错了，这一点不重要。Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)傍晚有可能下雨吗？4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.你昨天说的是对的。宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词which,what，who，whom,whose，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever,等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）,如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。2)由what，whether(if)引导的宾语从句，如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语，如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕是犯错了。【特别提示】that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句看作原因状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我们听说她打算下个月结婚。【特别提示1】1．宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：①Heaskedmewhenwecouldsetoutthenextday．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。2．宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk．她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei．她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon．他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby．他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit．老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound．他说光比声音传播得快。【特别提示2】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday．我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，takeforgranted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和seeto表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood．我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。Whenyoustarttheengine，youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral．启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers．她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。常由连接词that，whether；because,asif/though连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。另外，常用的还有Thereasonisthat...和Itisbecause等结构。如：【特别提示】(1)as/asif/asthough引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor．听上去好像有人在敲门。(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型Thereasonwhy…isthat…。如：Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate．他来得晚是因为起床晚了。Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.问题是我们能否在那么短的时间内作好充分的准备。Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.这就是我们为什么得不到人民支持的原因。同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。同位语从句的引导词有:that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why等。连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：TheyexpressedthehopethatwewouldgoandvisitShanghaiagain．他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。ThestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookWasworthreading．Ihavenoideawhyhewasexcitedatthattime．我不知道当时他激动的原因。1.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）考点诠释名词性从句需要注意的事项1．that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：Theysharelittleincommonexceptthattheyarefromthesamecountry．除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：Ibelieve(that)you’vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove．我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2．that与what的区别;that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，……的事情”。如：Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet．他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分，也无含义)Whathesaidprovedtobetrue．他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“……的话”)3.用whether不用if的情况：1）在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;2）当主语从句放在句首时，只能用whether不能用if;3）discuss后接表示“是否”的宾语从句是，必须用whether，不能if4）介词后的宾语从句只能用whether不能用if；Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.(主从句位于句首)Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcomehere.(主从句位于句尾)Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(表语从句)Ihavenoideawhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(同位语从句)Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.(介词后)【典型例题】1(典型例题)Marywroteanarticleon__theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that2(典型例题)Acomputercanonlydo__youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.whe3.(典型例题)__madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What,becauseB.What,thatC.That,whatD.That,because4.(典型例题)Hisabilityhasneverbeenindoubt—thequestionisheispreparedtoworkhard.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.where5.(典型例题)Hecan’tanswerthequestionhegotthemoney.A.whatB.thatC.howD.where答案：1-5ACBAC同步训练：1Theteacherdemandedthatourexaminationpaperhandedinatonce.A.beB.mustbeC.wouldbeD.hadtobe2Weallagreewithhimon__hesaid.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how3Wemustdowell__thepartyassignsustodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those4Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.whateverD.wherever5I’msorry__yourmotherisiii.A.whomB.ifC.thatD.how6Wethinkitimportant__weshouldkeepthebalanceofnature.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.which7Ihope__happywhileyouarehere.A.youtobeB.foryourbeingC.youwillbeD.youbeing8Weallknowthenewshetoldher.A.towhichB./C.whatD.atthat9Wordhascome__someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.when10Thingswerenot__theyseemedtobe.A.whatB.becauseC.thatD.where11Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken12ThereasonIplantogois__ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillbedisappointedD.onaccountofshewillhaveadisappointed13theoldman’ssonswantedtoknowwas__thegoldhadbeenhidden.A.That;whatB.What;whereC.What;thatD.What;if14__knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho15Itworriedherabit__herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for16isknowntoallthatWTOstandsforWorldTradeOrganization.A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.It17Thefactsheworkshardiswellknowntous.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which18Themountainisnolonger__itusedtobe.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what19Weknowlittleabouttheyoungladyexcept__youtoldme.A.whatB.thatC.howD./20__provesthatmyadviceisright.A.ItwillhappenthatB.ThathashappenedC.WhathashappenedD.Whenithappened1-5AABBC6-10BCBBA11-15CBBBB16-20DADA，C高考链接20XX年高考题1（2011北京卷）22.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom2（2011北京卷）31.Theshockingnewsmadmerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.how C.that D.why3(2011上海卷)35.Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain. A.what B.if C.how D.that4(2011上海卷)38.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand. A.why B.that C.which D.what5（2011山东卷）26.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why6（2011山东卷）33.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit. A.where B.what C.whether D.which7（2011江西卷）26.Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.this B.that C.what D.which答案：1-7BADDDCC20XX年高考题1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,37)Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow______.A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,36)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis______shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,25)Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestions______hadusedtheproducts.A.whatever B.who C.whichever D.which4.(2010高考英语浙江卷,9)Itisuncertain______sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A．that B．what C．how D．whether5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,1)—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?—OK,______youwant.A．whicheverB．however C．whatever D．whoever6.(2010高考英语天津卷,14)Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow______ittakestostartabusinesshere.A.howB.whatC.WhenD.which7.(2010高考英语四川卷,14)Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives．A．whatB．whoC．howD．why8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,38)Thereisnoobviousevidence______thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.A．which B．that C．how D．where9.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,33)Tinawashesitationaboutthejobofferasshedidnotknow______thecompanywasanestablishedone. A．whether B．what C．until D．although10.(2010高考英语陕西卷,18)Itneveroccurredtome_______youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if11.(2010高考英语山东卷,25)Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof________mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which12.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,34)—It’snousehavingideasonly.—Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou_______toturnanideaintoanact.A.howB.whoC.whatD.where13.(20