高中定语从句语法专项

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载定语从句注意事项：1.特殊情况：1)people/thosewho…2)先行词既指人又指物，关系词用that3)先行词被最高级，序数词或theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时，要用that4)以who或which开头的特殊疑问句，避免重复用that5)关系代词在定语从句中做表语用that，也可省略。Hisdiseaseisnotthecasethatitwas.他的病情已不再是过去的情况了。6)先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，用that（all,much,little,none,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing),一般指物的有要求，指人的少)7)非限定性定语从句和介词后，不能用that2.介词+关系代词：和先行词搭配；和从句的谓语动词搭配（短语动词不能分开）；看句子含义。Theoldmanhehadlookedafterfor3yearspassedawaylastweek.Theoldmanofwhomhehadtakencarefor3yearspassedawaylastweek.3.Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisitedlastweek?Isthisthemuseumwhereyouworknow?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisitedlastweek?Isthismuseumtheonewhereyouworknow?Isthismuseumwhereyouworknow?4.先行词是way,表示“方式”，在从句中缺状语时可用inwhich.，that，或者省略关系词。若way表示“方法”，在从句中缺主宾成分，要用that或which，缺宾语成分也可省略。Idon’tliketheway_________youspeaktoyourfather.Thisistheway_________hethoughtoftosolveit.5.有些先行词不是地点，也用where引导，有case,situation,condition,center,point,activity,scene,family,book等。先行词是occasion时，定语从句缺少状语成分，用when。6.关系代词as引导的定语从句的用法：1)主句中有such和thesame时Heisn’tsuchamanasyoudescribed.他不像是你所描述的那种人。Itwassuchadifficultproblem_________wecouldn’tsolveit.Itwassuchadifficultproblem__________wecouldn’tsolve.注意与such…that…的区别：从句中成分完整，用such…that…;从句成分不完整，用such…as…ThisisthesamepenthatIlostthismorning.ThisisthesamepenasIlostthismorning.注意与thesamethat的区别：都是定从，但是thesamethat是同一个，thesameas是同一类2）整个主句是先行词，用as和which的区别Aswehavestated,TaiwanispartofChina.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentssad.as译成“正如，正像”，整个主句是先行词，as指代整个句子，从句位置可前可后，一般以两种句式出现：一是asyouknow/see/expect;二是asisannounced/reported/known/said/noted/planned/expected翻译成“正如所公布的、所报道的、大家所知道的、所说的、所指出的、所计划的/预料的那样;asisoftenthecasewith(sb/sth)通常。而which引导的定从，位置在主句后，翻译成“这一点”。7.定语从句常和同位语从句混淆，尤其是以that引导的从句。试比较：(同位语从句中的that是连词,没有意义，不能省略；定语从句中的that是关系代词，有意义，做成分，做宾语，可省略)Thenewsthatourteamwonmadeusjumpwithjoy.Thenewsthathetolduswasnottrue.Theteacherwaspleasedwiththefact_______hisstudentsallpassedtheexam.(只能用that)Theteacherwaspleasedwiththefact_______hisstudentsfoundout.(that和which及省略均可)定语从句还和主语从句混淆，如：Asiswellknown,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.ItiswellknownthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.WhatiswellknownisthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.定语从句还和强调句型或状从混淆：如：ItwasinthishousethatIwasborn.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Itwasin1949thatChinawasfounded.Itwas1949whenChinawasfounded.8.定语从句常见错误：（关系代词的格用错；状语宾语分析错误；重复指代错误；主谓一致错误；无关系词错误；非限定性定语从句中关系代词误用；句子成分缺表语；主语从句和定从分析错误；漏词错误）1)ThemanwithwhoIshookhandsisafamouswriter.2)Thecitywhereyouliveinisbeautiful.3)Weshouldtreasurethedayswhenwespenttogetherwithourparents.4)Thebookthatlentittomeisinteresting.5)ZhangHuaistheonlyoneofthepupilswhogetfullmarks.6)Theoldcouplehavefourchildren,threeofthemaredaughters.7)Shesaidshegraduatedfromafamousuniversity,thatisalie.8)Isthisschoolthatyouwerefrom?9)Itiswellknown,RussiaisaEuropeancountry.10）Lisamarriedarichmanhadalotofmoney.look短语总结：lookaftersb/sth照顾，照料(某人或某事)，lookaround(round)环顾，仔细查看lookawayfromsb/sth目光移向别处，不看…looksbupanddown上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人notlookoneself气色不像往常那样好lookback(upon/onsth)回顾，回忆never/notlookback一帆风顺，蒸蒸日上lookahead(tosth)展望未来；为将来设想lookdownuponsb/sth轻视，看不起lookforsb/sth寻找，寻求lookforwardto(doingsth)盼望，期待lookintosth调查，审查