高一语法之名词的成分

回顾Unitone1.putforward______________2.drawaconclusion_____________

3.be/getundercontrol______________4.beabsorbedin___________5.betoblame_________________

6.inaddition______________

7.link...to...____________8.dieof___________________

9.leadto_____________________10.makesense___________________11.apartfrom___________________12.contributeto_____________________

13.beenthusiasticabout__________________14.becuriousabout________________15.curesb.ofillness_____________________16.pointofview____________________17.（be）strictwithsb._____________________Unittwo1.consistof________________2.divide…into…________________

3.atwar(with…)_________________4.breakaway(from…)___________5.educational/legalsystem_______________6.haveagood/badinfluenceon…_____________

7.taketheplaceof________________8.breakdown)___________9.makeanerror________________10.leaveout________________11.puzzleover/about______________12.debatesth.withsb.______________13.atyourconvenience___________________14.in/withrelation______________________15.underconstruction______________名词性从句一.概念1)主语从句：在句中充当主语；亦可用it作形式主语，主语从句置于句末。2)宾语从句：在句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语；亦可用it作形式宾语，宾语从句置于句末。3)表语从句：在句中充当系动词的表语。4)同位语从句：常置于fact,idea,news,promise,doubt,suggestion,possibility,belief等表示有内容的名词后，起解释、说明作用。二.相关知识点精讲主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.(2)if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whetherWhetherheleft(ornot)isunknown(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.Whatweneedaremanymorebooks.随堂练：1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because2.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice. A．whether B．where C．which 2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because,asif/asthough等等Thereason(why/forwhich…..)isthat……It/This/Thatisbecause……连系动词“appear,look,seem”的两个常用句型Itseems/appearsthat….Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)as也可以引导表语从句Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe随堂练3.Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that4．Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how5.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where6.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited3.宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun连词whether和if可以互换，但注意下列情况连词后紧跟ornot时用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherornottheywillcome.作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawherthere.连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that-clause,that不可省略Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.当主语是I,we，主句用think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine五个动词时，用否定转移Idon’tthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasn’thungry.注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句Idon’tknowifhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I’llletyouknow.随堂练：7.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandscarchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever4.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词之后：fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestionThereisnodoubtthathewillcome.Thereisdoubtwhetherhewillcome.WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.Thereisnopossibilitythat….that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.when,where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在定语从句中，when,where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位语从句)Goandgetyourcoat.It’sintheplacewhereyouleftit.(定语从句)随堂练：8. Imadeapromisetomyself______ thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.A.whether B.what C.that D.how5.疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.Ibelieverwhateverhesays.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.who与whoever的区别who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyonewho“无论谁”Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?6．当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，它相当于。另外，有时具有感叹意义allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)thatWhatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.7.注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that，句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主语从句Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.强调句Whatwasitthathewanted?Idon’tknowwhatitwasthathewanted.Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem8.注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.考点聚焦名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句的关联词分类：A.从属连词：that,whether,if,asif注意：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。Eg:Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.Thatshewillsoonbewellagainisourhope.需要注意的是：引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是不可以省略的B．连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whicheverEg:Whowilltakehisplaceisunknown.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Ihavenoideawhichteamwillwin.注意：连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。C.连接副词：when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeverEg:Whereshehasgonesnotknownyet.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.Thisiswhyheislate.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.注意：连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。总结：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式，而应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（1）that的用法。①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.随堂练：9._____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定语从句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-tant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.练一练l．_the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcited．A．WheneverB．IfC．WhetherD．That2．TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSunday．A．WillbeputoffB．willputoffC．putoffD．beputoff3．isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustoms．A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．that4．DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,Ican’tremember．A．whereB．thereC．whichD．that5．hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent．A．WhatB．ThatC．ThefactD．Thematter6．Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage．A．whenB．howC．whereD．what7．Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?A．howIcangettoB．howcanIgettoC．whereIcangettoD．wherecanIgetto8．Wealltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithus．A．itB．himC．thatD．what9．Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey．A．whileB．thatC．ifD．for10．leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ights．A．AnyoneB．ThepersonC．WhoeverD．Who11．theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars．A．That；howB．What；howC．What；thatD．That；that12．Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming．A．why；becauseB．why；whetherC．that；thatD．how；thatl3．Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater．A．NomatterwhatB．NomatterhowC．WhateverD．However14．WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice．A．whichB．whyC．thatD．whether15．Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago．A．whichB．thatC．whatD．when16．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildbeorshewants．A．howeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever17．Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee—blackorwhite?A．whatB．whereC．whenD．how18．—Doyourememberbecame?—Yes，Ido．Hecamebycar．A．howB．whenC．thatD．ifl9．wecan’tgetseemsbetterthatwehave．A．What；whatB．What：thatC．That；thatD．That：what20．—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlastweek．—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A．whyB．whenC．whatD．where21．Youcantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblems．A．whateverB．howeverC．whicheverD．those22．—hasmadeourcityDaliansheistaday?—ItistheParty’spolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlook．A．What；thatB．That；whatC．there；soD．That；that23．ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemadethedecisionweshouldsendmorefirefightersthere．A．that：thatB．when；whichC．there；whatD．where；what24．Itwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknow．A．whatB．howC．thatD.which25．Therewillbeaspecialpriceforbuysthingsinlargenumbershere．A．whoB．whomC．whoeverD．whomever26．—Irangyouaboutten，buttherewasnoreply．—0h，thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor．A．whenB．whyC．whatD．that27．Mariahastobaby-sit．That’sshecan’tcomeoutwithus．A．howB．whyC．whenD．what28．surprisedmemostwastheyhadfinishedtheworksoquickly．A．What：whatB．That；thatC．What：thatD．That；what29．Youcan’timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents．A．howtheywereexcitedB．howexcitedtheywereC．howexcitedweretheyD．theywerehowexcited30.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when课堂知识回顾：

Unit3

1.makeadeep/strongimpressiononsb.

给某人留下深刻印象

impresssb.withsth.=impresssth.onsb.使人记住某事

2.takeup

拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修

speedup加速sweepup打扫/横扫/掠过useup用光comeup过来eatup吃光situp熬夜/坐正turnup出现/开大(音/水量)

3.remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事

remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事

remindsb.that…

提醒某人……

4.asaresult(of…)结果

5.sufferfrom遭受

6.besimilarto和…相似

7.keepdoingsth.一直做某事

8.thesixofus我们六人（共六人）

9.by/for/through+(the/a)lackof…由于……的缺乏

belacking

in

缺乏(品质/特点)

lackfor…(否定句)

缺乏……

10.innotime

很快,立刻

11.onone’sfeet(从病痛或挫折中)复原

12.inalldirections四面八方

13.Sb.lose/catchsightof….

看不见/看见

Sb./Sth.bein/outof

sight看得见/看不见

atfirstsight第一眼

atthesightof…一看见……就……

14.providedAwithB

向A提供B

15.plentyof+[u]/[c]许多

16.bepreviousto…早于……

17.compareAwithB

compareAtoB把A与B作比较，把A比喻作B

18.forhealthreasons出于健康原因

19.bendtherules

变通,放宽

20.onearth

究竟，到底

21.beunderrepair

在维修中

22.searchfor…寻找

23.assistsb.in/withsth.

=assistsb.indoingsth.

=assistsb.todosth.帮忙,协助某人去做某事

24.gosoft

变软

25.speakinwhisper低声地说

26.beoptimisticabout…

对……乐观

27.switch

on/off

thepower

开/关电源

28.explaintosb.sth.=explain

sth.tosb.向某人解释某事

29.giveoff

发出（光/热等）

30.get/becaughtin…被困在……中

31.requiresb.todosth.

=requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事

Sth.requiredoing/tobedone某物需要被

32.besupposedtodo

应该

33.beequippedwith…装备有……

34.beessentialfor/to…对……是必要Unit41.becuriousabout对……感到好奇

2.betodo必将/将要/应该

3.gooutonastory外出采访

4.onone’sown独自，*自己

ofone’sown自己的……

5.concentrateon集中精力于……

6.beofinterest=beinteresting有趣的

7.bring…with…随身携带

8.haveanosefor…对……非常敏感

9.dependon依赖

10.atrickofthetrad