2024-2025学年译林版八年级英语上学期考点 专题03 Unit1 ~Unit4重点语法串讲【考点清单】

Unit1形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词原级的基础上进行变化的,分为规则变化和不规则变化:(1)规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er,-estlongtalllongertallerlongesttallest以不发音的e结尾时加-r,-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大限度)oldolder(年纪较大的)elder(较年长的)oldest(年纪最大的)eldest(最年长的)一．原级比较1.两者在某一方面相同时as+形容词或副词原级+as：和·····一样Lilyisasslimaslucy.Lilydoeshomeworkascarefullyaslucy.2.表示一方在某方面不及另一方时：不如····notas/so+形容词或副词原级+asItisnotso/aswarmtodayasyesterday.shedidnotdanceas/sobeautifullyasmillie.注意：当表示“不如·····”时，多音节的adj./adv.可用“less+形容词/副词”eg:Thisbookislessinterestingthanthatone.比较级：用于两者之间的比较1.A+be+形容词比较级+than+Beg.SandyistallerthanMillie.A+动词+副词的比较级+than+Beg.LucyrunsfasterthanMillie.2.可修饰adj./adv.比较级的词语much,alittle,even,still,far,no,alot,no,anyeg.Helooksmuchbettertoday.Thedogisstillhappier.Thecoatisalittlebiggerforme.3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越·····”biggerandbiggerfasterandfasterTheweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.多音节词：moreandmore+多音节词moreandmorequickly4.“The+adj./adv.比较级（+主语+谓语+其它），the+adj./adv比较级（+主语+谓语+其它）”的结构表示“越····越····”Eg.Themorewedomorningexcises,thehealthierwewillbe.最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较1.A+be+the+adj最高级+(名词)+in/of/among短语，表示“最······”eg:Tomisthecleverestboyoftheboys.A+V.+(the)+adv最高级+(名词)+in/of/amongeg:Tomrunsthefastestoftheboys.2.oneof+the+最高级+复数名词表示“最····之一”eg:Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.3.“序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“第几····最”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。提醒：①形容词最高级前有物主代词或指示代词，名词所有格等限定修饰时，不再加the.Milie’sbestfriendisAmy.②当两个最高级的形容词修饰同一个名词时，后一个最高级的形容词前的the要省略Sandyistheyoungestandcleverestboyinmyclass.一．根据汉语提示完成句子①Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snewspaper.

今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。②Hisideasoundsgreat.他的主意听起来很棒。

③Heisastallashisfather.他和他的父亲一样高。

④Thefilmistooboring.这部电影太无聊了。

⑤Itisevencoldertoday.今天甚至更冷了。

⑥Suzhouisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.苏州变得越来越美丽。⑦Thispictureisthebestofall.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。⑧Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.她是我们班第二高的女生。二.单项选择1.Joggingisthanmanysports—tostart,justgetsomecomfortablesportsclothesandgoodrunningshoes.

A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.thecheapest答案B本题考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的thanmanysports可知,此空应填比较级,故选B。2.—Youwanttoloseweight?Butwhy?Youlookquiteslimtome.—Thatmaybetrue.ButI’mthanlastyear.

A.muchheavier B.heavyenough C.muchlighter D.lightenough答案A句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说,你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的,但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知,此空应填比较级,故排除B、D两项。由语境可知,此处应该是比去年重,故选A。3.—Whatistheworld’smountain?

—MountQomolangma.A.lower B.lowest C.higher D.highest答案Dlower更低的;lowest最低的;higher更高的;highest最高的。根据常识,珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。故答案为D。解题关键从答语MountQomolangma.及问句中的theworlds可以得知问句问的是世界上最高的山峰是什么。从而判断出设空处应该用最高级并且应该表示“最高的”。4.Hewasadvisedtoeatfewerhamburgersanddrinkcolatokeepfit.

A.much B.more C.fewer D.less答案D句意:有人建议他少吃点汉堡包并且少喝点可乐来保持健康。本题考查形容词的比较等级。much许多,修饰不可数名词;more更多,修饰可数名词和不可数名词;fewer更少,修饰可数名词;less更少,修饰不可数名词。cola为不可数名词,排除C项;根据句意和常识可知,此处表示少喝可乐。故选D项。5.Danielishistwinbrother.Theyareboth1.75meterstall.

A.tallerthan B.shorterthan C.astallas D.sotallas答案C句意:丹尼尔和他的双胞胎兄弟一样高。他们都是1.75米。本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据后句Theyareboth1.75meterstall.可知,他们一样高。astallas和……一样高,sotallas只能用在否定句中。故选C项。Unit2副词的比较级和最高级一．形容词变成副词的变化规则:1.大多数形容词＋ly构成副词e.g.carefulcarefully,quietquietly2.以辅音字母＋“y”结尾的副词,要先变“y”为“i”再＋“ly”:e.g.happyhappily3.以“le”结尾的直接去“e”＋“y”即可。e.g.terribleterribly,gentlegently(im)possible(im)possibly,comfortablecomfortably,simplesimply二．副词比较级和最高级的词形变化1．规则变化词形分类及变化方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加-er或-esttalltallertallest以e结尾的，直接加-r或-stnicenicernicest以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词/多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficult2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、形容词和副词比较等级的用法1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。Heworkedaswellasaqualifiedtechnician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。2．比较级常见的结构(1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原级”表示“越来越……”。Holidayflightticketsaregettinglessandlessexpensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。(3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。Themorepeopleareinvolved,thebettertheoceanenvironmentis.参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。(4)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“oneofthe＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有byfar,almost以及序数词等。Myparentswantedmetohavethebestpossibleeducation.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。4.farther和furtherfar的比较级含义及用法例句farther在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换Atablestoodatthefarther/furtherendofthekitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。furtherfurther还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用Wemustgetfurtherinformation.我们必须获得更多信息。5.older和elder(1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如:Yourbikeisolderthanmine.你的自行车比我的旧。He’solderthanyou.他年龄比你大。He’smyelderbrother.他是我哥哥。(2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如:Heisanelderteacher.他是个资格较老的教师。1.Slowcookingseemstoholdthetasteofthemeatmuch.

A.good B.well C.better D.best答案C考查比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，muchbetter意思是“好得多”，故选C。2.—Goodnews!TheChinesewomen’sfootballteamcamefirstinthe2022AFCWomen’sAsianCup.—Exactly.ThefinalisoneIhaveeverseen.

A.alessamazing B.themostamazingC.amoreamazing D.theleastamazing答案B考查形容词最高级的用法。根据上文内容可知，此处是对决赛的肯定评价，因此排除A、D两项。根据“...Ihaveeverseen”可知要用形容词最高级，故选B。3.—Youwanttoloseweight?Butwhy?Youlookquiteslimtome.—Thatmaybetrue.ButI’mthanlastyear.

A.muchheavier B.heavyenoughC.muchlighter D.lightenough答案A考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说，你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的，但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知，此空应填比较级，故排除B、D两项。由语境可知，此处应该是比去年重，故选A。4.Whichcolourdoyoulike，purple，orangeorpink?

A.well B.good C.better D.best答案D考查副词最高级的用法。根据空格后“purple，orangeorpink”可知，此处问的是这三种颜色中，你最喜欢哪个?由此可知，此处应使用最高级形式。故选D。Unit31.反身代词的单复数形式,表格如下:数人称单数复数第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves他们自己2.反身代词的用法Ihopeyoucanenjoyyourselvesattheparty.(作宾语)Thechildrenmademodelplanesthemselves.(作同位语)3.反身代词的常用词组teachoneself自学 learnbyoneself自学enjoyoneself过得愉快;玩得高兴 helponeselfto随便吃/用cometooneself苏醒 hurtoneself受伤byoneself独自1.Asparents,wemustask:Arewelistening?Arewepatientenough?

A.us B.ourselves C.me D.myself答案B句意:作为父母,我们必须问问我们自己:我们在聆听吗?我们是否足够有耐心?本题考查反身代词。主语是we,所以此处填反身代词ourselves,故选B。2.Howdelicious!Didthestudentsmakethefruitsaladallby?

A.they B.them C.their D.themselves答案D句意:多么美味啊!水果沙拉都是学生们自己做的吗?本题考查代词的用法。they他们,主格,作主语;them他们,宾格,作宾语;their他们的,形容词性物主代词,后跟名词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。dosth.byoneself独自做某事。故选D项。3.MarsBase1CampwasbuiltinJinchang,Gansu,toletyoungpeopleexperiencefor.

A.it B.them C.itself D.themselves答案D句意:为了让年轻人可以亲身体验,甘肃金昌建立了火星基地1号营地。本题考查代词的用法。it指代前文出现的同一物;them他们,宾格,作宾语;their他们的,形容词性物主代词,作定语修饰其后的名词;themselves他们自己,反身代词,与youngpeople对应,foroneself亲身,固定短语。故选D项。Unit4祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。祈使句的肯定式：动词(原形)+其他如：Pleasegivemeahand.(请帮忙)/Shutup!(住嘴！)祈使句的否定式：Don’t+动词原形+其他如：Pleasedon’ttalkinlowvoices.(请不要低声讲话。)Don’tlookback!(不要掉头看。)[注意]以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如：Let’snottroublehim.(我们不要打扰他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Pleasedohelpme!(请千万帮帮我。)1.fasttoyourdreams，forifdreamsdie，lifeislikeabroken⁃wingedbirdthatcanneverfly.

A.Hold B.Tohold C.Held D.Holding答案A考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。2.—Cindy，outtherubbishwhenyouleave.AndI’lldothedishes.

—OK，Dad.A.take B.takes C.took D.totake答案A考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。3.—Yourroomisinaterriblemess，Tom.yourbookshereandtherenexttime.

—OK，.I’llputthemawayinfiveminutes，Mum.

A.Don’tleave;Iwon’t B.Won’tleave;IwillC.Don’tleave;Iwill D.Won’tleave;Iwon’t答案A考查祈使句及其应答语。第一空后虽然有表示将来时间的nexttime，但这是妈妈向汤姆发出的命令、要求，是祈使句，所以用Don’t+动词原形。排除B、D。肯定祈使句的应答语为Iwill;否定祈使句的应答语为Iwon’t。故选A。4.MrLee，(notmix)yourlifeandworktogether.

答案don’tmix句意:李先生，不要把你的生活和工作混在一起。此句是否定的祈使句，其构成是“don’t+动词原形+其他成分”，故填don’tmix。5.(make)suretherearenomistakesinyourpaperandyoucanhanditin.

答案Make考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头，makesure“确保”。故填Make。九．should与hadbetter的用法当我们给他人提建议时,可以用had

better或should,表示“最好”或“应该”做某事,

had

better的语气比should强一些You’d

better

go

to

hospital

at

once.你最好立即去医院。You

should

exercise

more.你应该多锻炼。had

better

(常简略为’d

better)后面必须跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。had

better

的否定式是将not直接放在had

better的后面Tom,

you’d

better

go

there

today.汤姆,你最好今天去那儿。You

had

better

not

miss

the

last

bus.你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。should后面要跟动词原形,且没有人称和数的变化。should

的否定式是should

not/shouldn’tYou

should

arrive

on

time.你应该按时到达。You

shouldn’t

drink

and

drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。根据汉语意思完成句子你最好不要在课堂上说话,西蒙。You

,Simon.hadbetternottalkinclass练习一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Igotonly65pointslasttime.Andthistime,Idideven(bad).

2.Whichdoyouthinkis(safe),travellingbyair,bytrain,orbybus?

3.Childrenallliketoplaywithsnow.Andtheharderitsnows,the(happy)thechildrenfeel.

4.Marylookssoslimbecausesheeats(little)meatand(many)vegetablesofus.

5.Westernfooddoesn’ttasteso(nice)asChinesefood,butitis(expensive)thantraditionalChinesefood.

二.同义句转换,每空一词1.Idon’tthinkMathsisasinterestingasEnglish.IthinkEnglishisMaths.

2.Mycousincan’tswimaswellasI.Iswimmycousin.

3.NobodyelsecansingsobeautifullyasMaryinourclass.Marysingsinourclass.

4.Jackjoinsthefewestclubsofthethreeboys.Jackjoinstheothertwoboys.

5.Shedoesn’thaveasmuchfreetimeashersister.Shehasfreetimehersister.

三.根据汉语意思完成句子1.我现在聊QQ比以前花的时间少多了。Ibefore.

2.在我家我妹妹吃蔬菜最少。她应该改变饮食。Mysister.Sheshouldchangeherdiet.

3.这件外套和那件一样大,它们型号相同。Thiscoatisasthatone.Theyare.

4.你锻炼得越多,你就感到越健康。youtake,youwillfeel.

一.1.worse2.thesafest3.happier4.theleast;themost5.nice;moreexpensive二.1.moreinterestingthan2.betterthan3.themostbeautifully4.fewerclubsthan5.less;than三.1.spendmuchlesstimechattingonQQthan2.eatsthefewestvegetablesinmyfamily3.largeas;thesamesize4.Themoreexercise;thehealthier四.请用合适的反身代词填空1.Tomsaysheisoldenoughtolookafter.

2.Iboughtanewmobilephoneasmybirthdaypresentyesterday.

3.Didthestudentsenjoyintheschooltrip?

4.Kateisluckybecauseshedidn’thurt.

5.AmyandSandykepttheirsecretsto.

6.Helptosomefruit,LiMing.

7.Wecan’tliveonlyfor.

8.Icanseeacatpullingupthetree.

9.Theproblemiseasy.Ithinkyoucanworkitoutby,boys.

10.TheworldisbecomingsmallerandsmallerbecauseoftheInternet.

五.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空enjoyoneself,hurtoneself,foroneself,byoneself,saytooneself,thinkoneself,tooneself,pulloneself,helponeself,teachoneself11.Kids,pleasetosomebiscuits.

12.SamandTom,youshouldbemorecareful,oryou.

13.ThewomanoftenFrenchafterwork.

14.Simonuptherocks.Let’sgoandhelphim.

15.Theboyswon’tbelieveitiftheydon’tgothere.

16.AuntMaryfinishedthehardwork.Shedidn’taskanybodyforhelp.

17.Theoldmanthought,“Wh