英语语法之主谓一致

第页英语语法之主谓一致英语语法之主谓相同本文关键词：主谓，英语语法

英语语法之主谓相同本文简介：主谓相同定义：是指句子中的谓语和主语在人称和数上必需相同。一般说来，主语的单复数形式确定着谓语动词采纳相应的形式。例如：lHeisacleverstudent.lTheyareEnglishmen.lWefoundtheboysbrightpupils.lWefoundtheboyabrightpu

英语语法之主谓相同本文内容：

主谓相同

定义：是指句子中的谓语和主语在人称和数上必需相同。一般说来，主语的单复数形式确定着谓语动词采纳相应的形式。例如：

l

He

is

a

clever

student.

l

They

are

Englishmen.

l

We

found

the

boys

bright

pupils.

l

We

found

the

boy

a

bright

pupil.

二．在实际运用上，往往会遇到困难的状况，因此，我们在处理主谓相同问题时可依据以下三种原那么。

1．语法相同原那么

2.意义相同原那么

3.就近原那么

1.语法相同：是指在形式上看，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，请语动词也用复数形式。

l

This

is

a

book.

l

These

are

books.

2.意义相同：是指从意义上来处理主谓相同问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义上为复数，谓语动语依意义而定，也采纳复数形式；有时主语为复数形式，但意义上为单数，动词也用单数。

l

Our

class

like

English

very

much.

l

Our

family

are

fond

of

the

film.

说明：这两个句子中的class和family，都是集体名词，在这里都指集体中的各个成员。因此谓语动词用复数形式。

l

Four

thousand

dollars

is

more

than

she

can

afford.

说明：four

thousand

dollars外表看是一个复数形式，而事实上被子看作一个总数，即一笔钱，因此谓语动词用了单数形式。

3就近原那么：是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和最近的主语保持相同。

l

There

is

a

chair

and

ten

desks

in

the

room.

l

Not

only

he

but

also

I

am

a

teacher.

面对这三种原那么，到底何时采纳何种原那么为好，应视习惯用法而定。在运用中，假如对三种原那么的选那么捉摸不定，最好还是运用语法相同的原那么。

三、有关主谓相同的问题用法归纳总结如下：

1．某些表示有定数量和不定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓相同问题。

1〕当名词词组的中心词是表示时间、距离、度量、重量，价值等复数作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

l

Twenty

years

in

prison

was

long.

l

Fifteen

miles

seems

like

a

long

walk

to

me.

l

Ten

dollars

is

a

big

sum

to

him.

2〕当名词词组的中心词是由all，

most,half,the

rest,分数，百分数+of+名词时，假如of后的名词所指的为复数，谓语动词用复数，假如of后的名词为单数意义，谓语动词用单数。

l

Half

of

the

students

in

our

class

are

boys.

l

Half

of

the

time

is

spent

in

learning

English.

l

The

rest

of

the

students

are

going

to

the

cinema.

l

The

rest

of

the

money

is

paid

for

books.

留意：all作主语指人时，谓语动词复数；指物时，谓语动词单数。

All

in

our

class

are

here.(我们的全部人都到了)

All

in

the

front

line

is

quiet.(前线的一切都很静谧)

3〕假如主语是由kind

of,type

of,of,a

portion

of,a

sort

of,a

series

of等+名词构成，其谓语动词应视kind,type,的单复数而定。

l

This

kind

of

man

annoys

me

l

This

kind

of

men

annoys

me.

l

This

kind

of

oranges

is

highly

priced.

l

These

kinds

of

tests

are

good.

假如以apples,men作为名词词组的中心词，其后的谓语动词就用复数形式.

l

Apples

of

this

kind

are

highly

priced.

l

Men

of

this

kind

are

dangerous.

假如kind

of

之前的限定词和之后名词都用了复数形式，这时谓语动词也用复数形式。

These

kinds

of

men

annoy

me.

4〕用于数学运算的数字作主语，谓语动词应当用单数形式。

l

Eighteen

plus

five

is

twenty

two.

l

15

Minus

11

is

4.

l

Five

times

eight

is

forty.

l

Fifteen

divided

by

three

is

five.

假如两数相加，采纳的是并列形式，并列主语用单数形式，复数形式即可。

Five

and

five

make(makes)

ten.

2.由and和

both……and连接两个成分作主语时的主谓相同问题

1〕由and和

both--

and连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

l

The

secretary

and

treasurer

have

agreed

to

be

present.

l

Many

visitors

and

I

find

the

fast

pace.

l

Behind

the

wall

stand

a

house

and

a

garage.

2〕由and连接两个名词，假如指同一概念时，即指同一个人或同一件事时，谓语动词用单数形式。指同一概念时的标记是，and后的名词前没有冠词。

l

The

secretary

and

schoolmaster

is

going

to

give

a

talk

this

afternoon.

l

The

assistant

and

gradate

student

helps

check

the

rcise-books.

假如and后面的名词有定冠词，就意味着两上人或两件事了。

l

The

secretary

and

the

schoolmaster

are

going

to

give

a

talk

this

afternoon,.

l

The

assistant

and

the

graduate

student

help

check

the

rcise-book.

l

The

bread

and

the

butter

are

on

sale.牛油和面包正在出售。

类似表示同一概念的习语还有

the

bread

and

butter(奶油面包)

a

cart

and

horse(车马)

the

needle

and

thread(针线)

a

cup

and

saucer(碟子茶杯)

cause

and

effect(因果)

3〕由and连接两个单数名词作主语，并且前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式

l

Each

soldier

and

each

sailor

was

given

a

gun.

l

Every

hour

and

every

minute

is

precious

to

us.

l

Many

a

boy

and

many

a

girl

has

seen

the

film.

3假如名词作主语时，后面有with,as

well

as,rather

than,along

with,like,besides,more

than,together

with,including,in

addition

to,accompanied

by(由……陪伴)等，谓语动词的单复数要和这些词前面的名词保持相同，与这些词后面的名词无关。

l

He

as

well

as

I

is

a

teacher.

l

Dr.

Smith,together

with

his

wife

and

two

sons

is

going

to

arrive

here.

l

Mary,accompanied

by

her

brother,was

warmly

welcomed.

l

Some

of

the

workers,as

well

as

the

manager,work

during

the

holidays.

4由or,neither……nor,either……or,not

only……but

also连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词应采纳就近原那么，还有there

be构造

l

Not

only

he

but

also

I

am

a

teacher.

l

Neither

the

teacher

nor

the

students

were

going

to

see

the

film.

5单个动名词，不定式，以及句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

1〕Climbing

hills

is

good

rcise.

To

see

is

to

believe.

What

he

said

is

true.

What

interests

the

workers

most

is

better

wages.

2〕假如用and连接上述两个成分时，谓语动词就用复数形式。

Climbing

hills

and

swimming

are

good

rcises.

3〕what是个带有复数意义的并列构造时，或者表语是复数形式，谓语动词采纳复数形式.

l

What

I

say

and

think

are

no

business

of

yours.

l

What

he

says

and

does

don’t

agree.

l

What

he

left

me

are

old

books,6．当不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.

(something,anything,everything,nothing,,everybody,anybody,somebody,anyone,everyone)

说明：当none,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，也可用复数形式。

l

Neither

of

us

wants/want

to

go

there.

7．书刊名和专出名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

l

His

Selected

Poems

was

first

published

in

1960.

l

The

Arabin

Nights

is

a

popular

reading

with

the

young

people.

8．定语从句中的谓语动词单复数

1〕定语从句中谓语动词的单数还是复数，应由先行词的单复数面定。特殊是先行词“one

of+复数名词+定语从句”，以复数名词为先行词，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；而且the

one

of+复数名词+定语从句，应以the

one为先行词，，从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。

l

This

is

one

of

the

best

books

that

have

been

published

this

year.

l

This

is

the

one

of

the

best

books

that

has

been

published

this

year.

2〕假如定语从句所修饰的先行词是代词，那么从句中的谓语的数要与此代词相同。

l

I,who

am

your

friend,will

try

my

best

to

help

you.

9．集体名词的主谓相同问题

family,class,police,committee,crew,government,audience,public,team,crowd

等集体名词，

假如指整个集体时，谓语动词用单数；假如指集体中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

l

My

family

is

going

to

move.

l

My

family

like

the

book.

l

The

committee

consists

of

12members.

l

The

committee

are

having

a

meeting

to

discuss

am

important

problem.

l

The

cattle

are

grazing

in

the

fields.

10．有些名词，如people,mitilia,cattle,poultry〔家禽〕等，

单数形式具有复数意义，

谓语动词用复数形式。

l

The

Chinese

people

are

brave

and

hard-working.

l

The

mitilia

are

drilling

on

the

ground.

但people作“民族”讲时，有单数形式。

l

The

Chinese

people

is

a

brave

and

hard-working

one

世界上有很多运用英语的民族。

11．有些名词，外表是复数，但在意义上是单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。(news,,maths,mathematics,physics,politics,works)

l

The

news

is

good.

l

Maths

is

her

weak

points.

12有些名词只有复数形式，如goods〔货物〕，scissors〔剪刀〕,trousers〔裤子〕,spectacles〔眼镜〕,glasses,scales〔天平〕，clothes,compasses因此，他们作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

l

Goods

produced

by

the

factory

are

good.

l

Where

are

my

glasses?

They

are

on

the

desk.

说明：假如用a

pair

of来修饰时，谓语动词要取决于pair的单复形式。

l

His

trousers

were

torn,so

a

pair

of

trousers

was

not

enough.

l

Two

pairs

of

glasses

are

enough.

13.有些形容词，分词与the连用，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。

(blind,dead,deaf,sick,poor,rich,old,young,wounded)

14．one

or

two

+

复数名词作主语，

谓语动词用复数；但a/one+单数名词+or

two谓语动词用单复数均可。

l

There

are

one

or

two

books

on

the

desk.

l

A

word

or

two

is

/are

needed

here.

注：表示数量的one

and

a

half,后加复数名词，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

l

One

and

a