2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元加餐练习题含解析新人教版必修第三册

Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解Thelargest­everstudyofthelinkbetweencitywalkabilityandhighbloodpressurehasbeenconsideredasevidenceofthe“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”inimprovinglong­termhealthoutcomessayresearchers.Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantconnectionsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhoodandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents(居民)．Theresultsremainedthesameevenafterlifestylesandphysicalenvironmentwerechanged,thoughtheprotectiveeffectswereparticularlypronouncedamongparticipantsagedbetween50and60,women,andthoselivinginheavilypopulatedareasandpoorneighborhoods.ThepaperwaspublishedintheInternationalJournalofHygieneandEnvironmentalHealth.Withhighbloodpressureamajorriskfactorforchronic(慢性的)andparticularlyheartdiseases,researchersattheUniversityofHongKongandOxfordUniversitysaidthefindingsshowedtheneedtotakenoticeofthehealth­influencingfactorinurbandesign.“Wearespendingbillionsofpoundsinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases—ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity­friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving,andwereharmfultosocialcommunication,andassuchrelatedtopoorermentalandphysicalhealth.Becausewalkabilitywas“basedonthepotential(潜在的)designofthecity”，saidDrChinmoySarkar,citiescouldbeadaptedordesignedtoencourageit.“Suchinvestmentsinhealthydesignarelikelytobringinlong­termgainsastheyarelastingandcommon.”本文为说明文。主要介绍了探讨发觉步行实力的增加能降低人们得慢性病的风险。专家呼吁城市建设要充分考虑城市设计的无形价值，通过让城市更加环保和相宜行走来提高人们的健康指数。1．Whatisprobablytheresultifweconsider“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”？A．Theageingpopulationwillbereduced.B．Ourcitieswillbemorewalkableandactivity­friendly.C．Moremoneywillbeinvestedinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases.D．Thepaceofurbanizationwillbesloweddown.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity­friendlyandwalkable.”可知，假如我们能够通过对社区设计的微小变更来投资于创建健康的城市，使其更易于活动和步行。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A．Youngpeoplearemorelikelytobenefitfromincreasedwalkability.B．Walkablecitieswillcureapersonofhisorherhighbloodpressure.C．Chronicdiseasesarebecomingcommonforpeople'sinattentiontotheirhealth.D．Walkablecitiescanhelpreducebloodpressureandtheriskofheartdiseases.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据第一段“Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantconnectionsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhoodandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents(居民)．”可知，探讨发觉，相宜步行的城市可以帮助降低高血压和心脏病的风险。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。3．Whatisn'ttheeffectsofpoorly­designedneighborhoods?A．Worseeconomy. B．Unhealthylifestyle.C．Fewersocialcommunication. D．Poorerhealth.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第五段“Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving,andwereharmfultosocialcommunication,andassuchrelatedtopoorermentalandphysicalhealth.”可知，空间设计不好通常会削减步行和身体活动，促使长时间坐着不动的生活方式，对社会沟通有害处，因此导致精神和身体健康较差。由此可得出，与经济无关，故选A。4．WhatdoesDrChinmoySarkarmean?A．Citiesshouldencouragetheresidentstoengageinsocialcommunication.B．Thedesignofourneighborhoodsshouldmeetpeople'sneedsforshopping.C．Moneyinvestedincreatinghealthycitiesismoneysavedinfuturehealthcareexpenses.D．Chronicdiseaseswillbecommonbecauseofpollutionandtheenvironmentchange.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity­friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”可知，假如我们能够通过对社区设计的微小变更来投资于创建健康的城市，使其更易于活动和步行，那么在将来我们可能会在医疗方面节约大量资金。由此可推断出投资于创建健康城市的钱是为将来的医疗开支节约的钱，故选C。Ⅱ.七选五Formostofus,stressisarealityandlearninghowtodealwithitisveryimportantinourgrowth.Afterall,stressgoeshandinhandwithchange,andourlifeisallaboutchange.__1__Weallbehaveabitdifferentlyaccordingtodifferenttypesofstress.Herearesomehelpfultipstohelpyou.Eatright.Colaandchocolatearenotthebestwaytokeephealthy.__2__Getmoving.Mostofoureverydaystressisrelatedtoschool,work,oralotofemotionalproblems.__3__Whenweareunderalotofstress,ourbodiescandevelopalotofmuscletension.Regularexercisecanhelpyourelaxandfeelbetter.__4__Essayswon'twritethemselves,andgoodgradesrequirehardwork,butdon'tthinkmuchaboutthebadthings.Giveyourselfpraisewhereyoucanimproveyourself.Stressisaclearsignofworry,butitdoesn'tmeanyoursituationishopeless.Speakup.Thebreakupofyourfavoriterockbandisn'ttheendoftheworld,butsometimeslifethrowssomerealproblemsatyou.Butdon'tletthestresseatyouup.__5__Ifyou'refeelingseriouslyunhappyandunabletokeepupwithschoolandlife,speaktoafamilymemberoryourdoctor.A．Staypositive.B．Talktoatrustedfriend.C．Peoplecouldnotthinkclearlywhenunderstress.D．Theolderapersonis,themorestressedhefeels.E．Thereissimplynowaytogetawayfromstresscompletely.F．However,abitofphysicalactivitycanhelpusworkitoff.G．Sure,everyonelikesalittlecomfortfood,butyouwillneedabalanceddiet.这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了如何应对压力的一些小窍门。1．E解析：由“Afterall,stressgoeshandinhandwithchange,andourlifeisallaboutchange.__1__Weallbehaveabitdifferentlyaccordingtodifferenttypesofstress”可知，终归，压力与变更相伴而生，而我们的生活就是关于变更的。我们每个人的行为都因压力的不同而有所不同。所以小题1起到承上启下的作用。故E选项“根本没有完全摆脱压力的方法”符合句意。故E选项切题。2．G解析：由标题“Eatright”可知，小题2要与上一句一同来说明如何正确地饮食。故G选项“当然，每个人都喜爱吃令人心情开心的食物，但你须要均衡的饮食”符合句意。故G选项切题。3．F解析：由“Mostofoureverydaystressisrelatedtoschool,work,oralotofemotionalproblems”可知，我们每天的压力大多与学校、工作或很多心情问题有关。所以小题3与上一句构成转折关系。故F选项“然而，少量的体育活动可以帮助我们消退压力”符合句意。故F选项切题。4．A解析：由“Essayswon'twritethemselves,andgoodgradesrequirehardwork,butdon'tthinkmuchaboutthebadthings.Giveyourselfpraisewhereyoucanimproveyourself.Stressisaclearsignofworry,butitdoesn'tmeanyoursituationishopeless.”可知，作文不会自己写好，好的成果须要努力才能获得，但不要对坏的事情想得太多。在能提高自己的地方表扬自己。压力是一种明显的忧虑迹象，但并不意味着你的境况是无望的。所以本段主要在说明要保持主动的心态也就是小题4本段的小标题所要说明的内容。故A选项“保持主动的心态”符合句意。故A选项切题。5．B解析：由“Butdon'tletthestresseatyouup.”可知，但是不要让压力吞噬你。所以小题5要说明应当详细怎么做以此来呼应标题和承接下文。故B选项“和值得信任的挚友谈一谈”符合句意。故B选项切题。Ⅲ.完形填空TheSecretofHappinessAnoldmanwalkedslowlyintoarestaurantwithhiscane(拐杖).His__1__overcoatandworn­outshoesmadehimstandout(突出)fromtheusualSaturdaymorningbreakfastcrowd.AyoungwaitressnamedMarywatchedhimmovetowarda__2__bythewindow.Maryranovertohim,andsaid,“Here,Sir.Letmegiveyouahandwiththat__3__.”Without__4__aword,hesmiledandnoddedathank­you.Shepulledthechairawayfromthetableandhelpedhimgetseated__5__.Inasoft,clear__6__hesaid,“Thankyou,Miss.Andthankyouforyour__7__.”“You'rewelcome,Sir，”sheresponded.“I'llbe__8__inamoment,andifyouneedanythinginthemeantime,justwaveatme！”Afterhehadfinisheda__9__meal,Maryhelpedhimupfromhischair,__10__himhiscane,andwalkedwithhimtothefrontdoor.Holdingthedooropenforhim,shesaid,“Comebackandseeus,Sir！”Theoldman__11__aroundandsmiled.WhenMarywenttocleanhistable,shewas__12__tofindabusinesscard,aone­hundred­dollarbillanda__13__whichread,“DearMary,Irespectyouverymuch,andyourespectyourselftoo.Itshowsthewayyoutreatothers.Youhavefoundthesecretof__14__！Yourkindgestureswillshinethroughthosewhomeetyou.”Actuallythemanshehadservedwasthe__15__oftherestaurant.Thatwasthefirsttimethatsheoranyofhisemployeeshadseenhim.本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是年轻的女服务员帮助一位行动不便的老人就餐，并且多加照看。待送走老人后，惊异地发觉这位老人因为她和善的举动嘉奖了她一张100元的支票和感谢卡，在感谢卡上告知她找到了欢乐的隐私。原来他就是店里的老板，这是女服务员和其他店员第一次望见他。1．A.clean B．oldC．strange D．funny答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.干净的；B.旧的；C.惊奇的；D.好笑的。依据第一段其次句中，worn­outshoesmadehimstandout穿破了的鞋让他看起来特别惹眼，因此老人的衣服也应当是旧的。故选B。2．A.roomB．waiterC．tableD．girl答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.房间；B.服务员；C.桌子；D.女孩。依据句意老人进入餐厅应当是走向桌子。故选C。3．A.chairB．dishC．deskD．menu答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。A.椅子；B.盘子；C.书桌；D.菜单。依据句意，老人行动不便，玛丽走过去应当是帮助老人坐下来，因此是帮他放好椅子。故选A。4．A.saying B．speakingC．reading D．telling答案：A解析：考查固定搭配。A.说；B.讲；C.读；D.告知。Withoutsayingaword是固定搭配，意为一言不发。句意：老人没说一句话，微笑着点了点头以表感谢。故选A。5．A.sadlyB．quietlyC．graduallyD．safely答案：D解析：考查副词辨析。A.哀痛地；B.宁静地；C.慢慢地；D.平安地。依据句意玛丽把椅子挪开，帮助老人平安地坐上去。故选D。6．A.languageB．soundC．attitudeD．voice答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.语言；B.声音；C.看法；D.声音。sound做声音主要指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声音，运用范围很大；voice一般指人的声音、说话、唱歌。此处是指老人说话的声音很温柔干净。故选D。7．A.attention B．kindnessC．invitation D．cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.关注；B.和善；C.邀请；D.合作。依据上文玛丽帮助了老人入座，此处老人应当是感谢她的和善。故选B。8．A.readyB．busyC．backD．fine答案：C解析：考查形容词辨析。A.打算好的；B.劳碌的；C.向后的；D.好的。beready打算好；bebusy劳碌；beback回来；befine好的。依据句意玛丽说如有什么须要，老人可以向她招手，她便过来。故选C。9．A.cheap B．expensiveC．terrible D．delicious答案：D解析：考查形容词辨析。A.便宜的；B.贵的；C.糟糕的；D.美味的。结合上下文这顿饭是贵是便宜无从得知，老人享用后没有埋怨，因此是美味的。故选D。10．A.showedB．handedC．lentD．took答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。A.表现；B.给；C.借；D.拿走。依据句意玛丽帮老人站起来，递给了他拐杖。故选B。11．A.turnedB．walkedC．lookedD．moved答案：A解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.turnaround转过身；B.walkaround游荡；C.lookaround东张西望；D.movearound走来走去。依据句意老人走到门口转过身来对她笑了一下。故选A。12．A.excited B．worriedC．disappointed D．surprised答案：D解析：考查形容词辨析。A.兴奋的；B.担忧的；C.悲观的；D.惊异的。依据下文中玛丽并不知道桌上会出名片和支票，因此是感到惊异。故选D。13．A.noteB．tipC．messageD．title答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。A.便条；B.建议；C.信息；D.题目。依据句意，老人留了一张名片，一张支票和一张便条。故选A。14．A.kindness B．unselfishnessC．happiness D．helpfulness答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.和善；B.无私；C.欢乐；D.有用。依据文章标题——欢乐的隐私。故选C。15．A.customerB．ownerC．partnerD．host答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.顾客；B.物主；C.合伙人；D.(聚会的)主子。依据上下文老人应当是这家餐厅的主子。故选B。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。“Helicopterparents”isadescriptionofparentswhoarehoveringovertheirchildreninastateofextremeconcern.Theyalwaysshowuptosolvetheirchildren'sproblems,protectthemfromrealorimaginedharm,resolvestressfulsituation,offeradviceandgetthemoutoftrouble,eveniftheymisbehaved.Althoughoutofloveandconcern,itcanhaveharmfuleffectontheirchildren'semotionaldevelopmentandfutureautonomy.Childrenlearnthroughtheirmistakes.Butifyouintervene(介入)atfirstsignofstruggleandfinishyourchild'shomework,he'llmissoutonvaluablelearningopportunities.You'resendinghimthemessagethatheneedstobeperfectandfailureisnotanoption,otherwiseyouwouldn'talwaystakeoverforhim.Byconstantlyrescuingyourchildfromstressfulsituation,you'resendinghimamessagethatyoudon'tbelievehe'scapableoftakingcareofhimself.Childrendevelopself­esteembylearninghowtocompletechallengeontheirown.Ifyouarealwaysintervening,he'sdeniedthisvitalstageinhisgrowth.Asaresult,yourchildmaylacktheconfidencenecessarytodowellinschool,pursuehobbiesandinterests,anddevelopfriendships.Ifyou'realwaystakingcareofeverythingforyourchild,it'llbemoredifficultforhimtobecomeindependent.Asanadult,hemightfindithardtotakecareofhimself,becausehe'snever