2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit5Intotheunknown教学知识细解码教用文档教案外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit5Intotheunknown1．civilisev．文明化；教化→civilisationn．文明→civilisedadj.文明的2．ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟→ruinousadj.毁灭性的→ruinouslyadv.毁灭地3．dismissv．拒绝考虑，否定→dismissaln．摒弃；不予考虑→dismissiveadj.轻视的4．abandonv．离弃，逃离→abandonedadj.被离弃的；被遗弃的→abandonmentn．离弃；遗弃1．buryv．将……埋在下面，覆盖；安葬，安葬，丢失；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入，把……插入①Thehousewasburiedundertenfeetofsnow. 覆盖②She's85andhasburiedthreehusbands. 丢失③Hehadlearnttoburyhisfeelings. 掩藏④Hewalkedslowly，hishandsburiedinhispockets. 插入2．abandonv．离弃，逃离；遗弃，抛弃；舍弃；中止；放弃(信念等)①Hegavetheordertoabandontheship. 舍弃②Theyabandonedthematchbecauseofrain. 中止③Criticsaccusedhimofabandoninghisprinciples. 放弃④Thisisababyabandonedbyitsparents. 遗弃WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)correspondv．相一样；符合；类似于；相当于；通信[教材P50]Throughcomparison，hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117knownMayacitiescorrespondtothepositionsofthestars.通过比较，他发觉117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。[例1]Youraccountoftheeventdoesnotcorrespondwith/tohers.你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。[例2]ThetwomapsofLondoncorrespondclosely.这两张伦敦的地图很相像。[造句]他的行为与观点不一样。Hisactionsdonotcorrespondwith/tohisideas.[学问拓展](1)correspondwith/to 与……相一样；符合correspondwith 与……通信(2)correspondingadj. 相应的，相关联的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thetranslationdoesnotquitecorrespondto/withtheoriginal.②YouwillallowmetoconsiderthatIcorrespondwithhimthroughyou.③MarchandAprilsalesthisyearwereup8percentonthecorresponding(correspond)periodoflastyear.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)buryv．埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖[教材P50]Basedonthis，hebelievedhehadspottedanunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.基于此，他信任他发觉了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。[例1]Thepirateswouldoftenburygoldinthecaveandthenfailtocollectit.海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。[例2]He'dhadtoburyhispainovertheyears.他不得不将苦痛掩藏多年。[造句]狗把骨头埋在花园里。Thedogburieditsboneinthegarden.[学问拓展](1)buryone'shead/faceinone'shands用手捂住头/脸buryoneselfin＝beburiedin 埋头于；用心于(2)beburiedinthought 深思[即学即练]单句语法填空①Buried(bury)inhisstudy，hewasn'tawarethatalltheothershadleft.②Burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands，hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.[小片段填空]Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark，buryingherheadinherhands.Soshedidnotnoticethethiefwhostoodbesideherwithhishandsburiedinthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)applyvi.申请；适用；恳求vt.申请；应用[教材P50]TheyappliedthisunderstandingtotheMayacalendar，whichwasaccuratetowithin30secondsperyear.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。[例1]Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.这项新技术被应用于农业。[例2]Weshouldtrytolearneconomictheoryandapplyit.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。[造句]这个规则并不能适用于全部的状况。Youcannotapplythisruletoeverycase.[学问拓展](1)apply(to...)for (向……)申请applytodosth. 申请去做某事applyto 适用于(to为介词)apply...to... 把……应用于……applyoneselfto 致力于，集中精力于(2)applicationn. 恳求；申请，申请表；应用applicantn. 申请人[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weshouldapplywhatwelearnttotheconstructionofourcountry.②Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse，Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.③Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(applicant)toattendtheopeningceremony.④Eventually，however，Iwonthesupportofmyfamily，andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication(apply)．[小片段填空]Sincelastyear，Ihavebeenapplyingmyselftostudying(study)thelatesttechnologyaboutplanting.Ithinkthatweshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsohowtoapplyittopractice.Thesenewtechnology，ifapplied(apply)tofarming，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.Ihaveappliedforafull­timejobinthevillage.Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(apply)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)declinevi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝[教材P51]Yet，withinjustacoupleofgenerations，itbegantomysteriouslydecline.然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就起先神奇地衰落。[例1]TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.9月份，经济接着呈现出衰退的迹象。[例2]Thisdeclineinvigourwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.这种随着时间消逝的活力衰退就叫作苍老。[造句]他的健康状况最近起先恶化。Hishealthhasbeguntodeclinerecently.[学问拓展](1)adeclinein... 在……(方面)的下降indecline＝onthedecline 处于衰退中，下降(2)declinetodosth. 拒绝做某事declineby/to... 下降了/下降到……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Idon'tknowwhytheboydeclinedtoanswer(answer)aquestion.②Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasbeenonthedeclinesincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.③Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyearto5million.[小片段填空]Withhisbonusonthedecline，hedecidedtostayathomeanddeclinedtohave(have)aholiday.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)claimv．声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领n．声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)全部权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔[教材P51]WhenEuropeansarrivedinCentralAmericaintheearly16thcenturytoclaimitsriches，theremainingMayapeoplewerelivinginsmallsettlements.当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财宝时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。[例1]Nowtheyarereturningtoclaimwhatwastheirs.如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西了。[例2]Youshouldbeabletoclaimthecostfromthecarinsurance.你应当能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。[造句]你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的外套。Youcanclaimonyourinsuranceforthatcoatyouleftonthetrain.[学问拓展](1)claimtodosth./that... 声称做某事/声称……claimtohavedonesth. 声称做过某事Itisclaimedthat... 据说(2)makeaclaimforsth. 要求；对……提出赔偿要求[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Asthevictimintheaccident，IwillmakeaclaimfortheinjuriesIsuffered.②Scientistsclaimedtohavemade(make)amajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.③Itisclaimedthathehadseenalienswithhisowneyes.→Heclaimedtohaveseenalienswithhisowneyes．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)leadto引起，导致；通向[教材P51]Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts，eachlastingforacoupleofyears，includinga“megadrought”around900AD.这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。[例1]Technologicalchangeswillinevitablyleadtounemployment.技术变革必定会导致失业。[例2]Thiscanleadtobodilyweaknessandmusclewastage.这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。[造句]这可能会导致巨大的压力。Thiscanleadtosignificantstress.[学问拓展]leadsb.todosth. 使某人做某事leadsb.to/into＋n. 带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出 (观点)leada．..life 过……的生活leadtheway 引路，带路除leadto外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause，resultin，bringabout，contributeto等。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iwanttoknowwhatledyoutotake(take)upactingasacareer.②Thenewevidenceledtothehighofficialbeingarrested(arrest)．[小片段填空]Hislackofconfidenceledtoalotofsuffering.AndthesuccessofhisfatherledhimtobelievealltheroadsleadtoRome.Sohetoldhimselftobeconfidentandjustdoit.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)raten．速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用v.评估[教材P51]ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentratesindifferentplaces.很多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方起先以不同速度崩溃的主要缘由。[例1]Thediseasehasspreadatanalarmingrate.这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。[例2]Thecarwasgoingattherateof40milesanhour.轿车以每小时40英里的速度行驶。[造句]他正以每小时70英里的速度行驶。Heisdrivingattherateofseventymilesanhour.[学问拓展]atanyrate (强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管 怎样atthis/thatrate(informal) 照此情形；如此下去birth/unemployment/divorce/crimerate 诞生/失业/离婚/犯罪比率ratesb./sth.highly 对某人/某事评价高beratedas 被认为[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Imaybeawayonbusinessnextweek，butatanyrateI'llbebackbyFriday.②Atthisrate(照这样下去)，we'llsoonbebankrupt.③Atanyrate(不管怎么样)，wemustgothere.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭；失去工作(或地位等)；破产[教材P51]Itsonce­greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。[例1]Thescandalbroughtabouthisruin.那件丑闻使他身败名裂。[例2]Thefarmerssayrecentinflationhasdriventhemtothebrinkofruin.农夫们说最近的通货膨胀使他们面临破产。[造句]这些寺庙已破败不堪。Thetempleshavefallenintoruin.[学问拓展]fallintoruin 衰败gotorackandruin 变得一团糟inruins 毁坏；严峻受损；破败不堪[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Yearsoffightinghaslefttheareainruins.②Thewholecitylayinruins(ruin)aftertheearthquake，whichmadethemlieawakeallnight.③Theyletthehousegotorackandruin(变得一团糟)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点9)abandonvt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃；停止(支持或帮助)；舍弃；逃离n.放任；放纵[教材P52]ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.但最神奇的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。[例1]IdecidednottoabandonJohnwhenhewasinsuchadesperateposition.我确定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。[例2]Thestudyshowedadeepfearamongtheelderlyofbeingabandonedtothecareofstrangers.探讨表明，老人非常胆怯 被丢给生疏人照管。[造句]这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。Thebabywasabandonedbyitsmother.[学问拓展](1)abandonsb. 遗弃某人/停止支持某人abandonsth. 放弃某事/舍弃某物abandononeselftosth. 沉溺于(某种情感)(2)abandonedadj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的(3)withabandon 尽情；放任地[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theydiscoveredsomevaluablegoodsintheabandoned(abandon)house.②Snowforcedmanydriverstoabandon(abandon)theirvehicles.③Heabandonedhimself(he)todespair.[小片段填空]Onewintermorningwecameuponanabandonedpuppyonthestreet.Iwonderedwhoitwasthatabandonedsuchacutepuppy.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点10)dismissv．摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职；使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定[教材P52]Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奇妙在人们心中是多么的有影响力。[例1]Threeworkersweredismissedforbeinglazy.三个工人因怠惰而被解雇。[例2]Therichmandidn'tmindatalldismissingaservantfromhisplace.那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。[造句]这个男的被解雇了。Themanwasdismissedfromhisjob.[学问拓展]dismisssb.forsth. 因为……而解雇某人dismisssb.from 把某人从……解雇dismisssb./sth.fromone'smind 试图遗忘某人或者某事dismissaln. 解雇，撤职[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shetriedtodismisshimfromhermind.②Hisbossdismissedhimfromhisjobformakingtoomanymistakes.③Donotcomeback.Thisisyourfinaldismissal(dismiss)．SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)whatever引导让步状语从句[教材P51]Whateverthereasons，Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.不管是什么缘由，玛雅文明基本上消逝在丛林深处。句式分析：句子中whateverthereasons是整个句子的让步状语从句。[例1]Whateveryoudo，don'tlookforapayincreasewhenyouknowthecompanyisgoingthroughsomedifficulty.不管你做什么，在知道公司遭受逆境时不要希望加薪。[例2]Whateveryouwanttochatabout，we'lldoittonight.不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。[造句]不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。Whateveryouaredoing，dosomethingelsewhenyouwanttosmoke.[学问拓展](1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhen/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。[翻译1]无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。Whatevertheresultis，weshouldacceptitwithasmile，becausewehavetriedourbest.[翻译2]无论距离有多远，我们都感觉彼此很亲近。Howeverfarawayweare，wefeelclosetoeachother.[即学即练]单句语法填空①WheneverI'munhappy，itismyfriendwhocheersmeup.②Asyoungpeople，wearesupposedtoworkhardandenjoyourwork，nomatterhowordinaryitis.③Wherevertheylooked，theysawnothingbutruinsaftertheterribleearthquake.④Whatevershesayswillnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语[教材P52]Meanwhile，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.同时，这个文明的兴衰也必需让我们思索自己的过去、现在和将来。句式分析：此句中的us是leave的宾语，thinkingabout...是us的补足语。[例1]Ifyouleavethewaterrunningwhenyoudon'tuseit，youarewasting.假如不用水时你还让水始终流着，你是在奢侈。[例2]Don'tleavethelightonwhenyouarenotintheroom.当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。[造句]别让她在雨中等你。Don'tleaveherwaitingforyououtsideintherain.[学问拓展](1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语(2)leave＋宾语＋分词(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。[翻译1]使我悲观的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。Whatdisappointsmeisthatsheleavesmetofinishtheworkbymyself.[翻译2]把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应当把这一点作为一条规则。Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hearingthebadnews，hehurriedhome，leavingthebookslying(lie)openonthetable.②You'dbetterleavethedooropen(open)toletinfreshair.③Hehadtogohome，leavingtheworkunfinished(finished)．④Youshouldleavethelawyertosettle(settle)theproblem.⑤Iftheclothesdon'tfityou，pleaseleavethemwheretheywere(请放回原处)．[教材P50]ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.分析：这句话的主语是thefact，thefact指的是(或者说内容是)Mayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive，这句话的宾语是itsachievements，allthemoreincredibleandmysterious起补充说明作用。译文：玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不行思议和神奇。教材高考1.TheyappliedthisunderstandingtotheMayacalendar，whichwasaccuratetowithin30secondsperyear.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)．..wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplantoapplywhatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions...2.Itsonce­greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Yourlettergotburied(bury)underapileofpapers.2．Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn'tcorrespondto/withwhatwasactuallysaid.3．I'mwritingtoapply(apply)forthepositionasastudentvolunteer.4．Thenumberofrobberiesintheareaisindecline.5．Sheclaimed(claim)damagesfromthecompanyfortheinjuryshehadsuffered.6．Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.7．Thecityisnowinruins(ruin)．8．Don'tleavehimwaiting(wait)o