高考英语语法专题复习讲义-名词性从句

高中语法精讲—名词性从句了解这样的从句前，我们先回忆下英语中常见的句子成分：主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语（再念叨一遍：理解英语中的句子成分对于长难句的理解是很有用的，阅读能力会进步飞快）那么问题来了：这些句子成分中，哪些可能是名词呢？换句话说，名词能做哪些成分呢？主语，宾语，表语和同位语是名词最中意的位置啦！如果把名词改为句子，那不就是从句了吗？有名词性功能的句子我们就给个高大上的名字——名词性从句：包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句来看个句子：Playingfootballisinteresting.这里动名词做主语。那按刚才说的，名词改为句子：Thatweplayfootballtogetherisinteresting.that引导的从句thatweplayfootballtogether在句子中是整个作了主语，所以这句就是主语从句一、名词性从句1、名词性从句中的易错点（1）that的用法。①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定语从句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-tant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.精典名题导解选择填空1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how100题练习1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.A.that B.thefactwhich C.thefactthat D.thefact2.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idon'tknow_______.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefrom B.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefrom D.whatcityshecomesfrom3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever4.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.A.becauseIgot B.becauseofgetting C.Igot D.thatIgot5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for6.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.A.didhedothat B.hedidthat C.hedid D.hehasdoneso7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.A.howheisgettingalong B.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalong D.whatishegettingalong8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatisthetrouble B.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematter D.whattroubleitis10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.that B.aboutthat C.ofthat D.thatwhat11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknown B.arenotknown C.hasnotknown D.havenotbee12.Iwonderhowmuch________.A.doesthewatchcost B.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcosted D.thewatchcosts13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidof B.afraidabout C.afraidthat D.afraidfor14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.Becauseshewasafewminuteslate B.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate D.Beingafewminuteslate15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedone B.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedone D.becausenotallthingscanbedone16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.for B.because C.since D.that17.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.that B.if C.what D.whether18.—“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”—“Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroom B.whichroom C.whatwastheroom D.whatroomwasit19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.A.that B.which C.what D.ofwhich20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved________.A.whatlittlesheearns B.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearns D.withlittlesheearns21.______surprisedmemostwas______suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That…what B.What…that C.That…which D.What…which22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.which B.what C.that D.this23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.A.that B.which C.allwhat D.allthat24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplace B.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthesportsmeettobegin D.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace25.Doyouhappentoknow________A.whatsizeshoeshewears B.howbigshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoes D.whatnumbershoesarehis26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobserved B.howwhatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobserved D.howthatyouhaveobserved27.Wheredoyouthink________A.hashegone B.hashebeen C.he'sgone D.washe28.Doyouknow________A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplace B.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappening D.whatthematterhadbeen30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.A.what B.interesting C.Whatisinteresting D.I31.________IthinkheisCharles.A.Whodoyouthinkheis B.DoyouthinkwhoheisC.Whomdoyouthinkheis D.Doyouthinkwhoheis32.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom________.A.theylived B.theylivedin C.didtheylive D.didtheylivein33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.A.that B.which C.whatever D.nomatterwhat34.Thecityisnolonger________.A.whatitis B.thatitusedtobe C.whichitwas D.whatitusedtobe35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.which B.that C.what D.allwhat36.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If…do B.That…do C.If…does D.That…does37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtofA.What…that B.That…what C.How…why D.Why…how38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodoA.That…what B.What…that C.Where…which D.Which…where39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthat B.thatwhat C.thatwhich D.whichthat40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.if B.that C.whether D.which41.—“Doyouknow________” —“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfather B.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatheris D.whohisfatheris42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.place B.placeinwhich C.where D.placewhich43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthat B.isthoughtwhat C.thoughtthat D.isthoughtthat44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.where B.wherever C.that D.thatwherever45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether46.Sheasked________.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeup B.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoing D.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47.—MayIborrowthering—Youcantake_______youlike.A.nomatterwhat B.which C.whichever D.that48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.A.whatbeautifulis B.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhat D.whatitisbeautiful49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.A.was,besent B.is,issent C.be,wassent D.be,send50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.who B.whom C.that D.whose51.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.A.except B.exceptfor C.exceptthat D.butfor53.________istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.Whicheverishard B.NomatterwhatishardC.Whatishard D.Allwhatishard54.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.A.wego B.wewillgo C.shouldwego D.thatwego56.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what57.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether58.Youcan'timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited59.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where60.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…that B.That…what C.Why…that D.If…what61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who62._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When B.Why C.What D.That63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What64._______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.How B.What C.Why D.This65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.which B.when C.that D.where69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.why B.when C.what D.who70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenif B.asif C.eventhough D.like71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.that B.what C.why D.how72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.what B.where C.that D.why73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.that B.it C.this D.what74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.which B.what C.that D.how75.WhatI'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.is B.are C.were D.was76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhow B.thatC.what D.how79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.that B.which C.what D.such80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.A.why B.that C.how D.whywhat81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.that B.what C.which D.X82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.which B.what C.that D.whether83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(录相机)arethesame.A.whatthose B.thatofthose C.thatallof D.whichofthose84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.A.If B.Whether C.What D.When85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.A.who…that B.who…X C.what…X D.how…that86.Shetookitforgranted________I'dbebackhomeanhourago.A.that B.whether C.if D.when87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.A.for B.that C.when D.how88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.A.whether B.if C.X D.that89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.if B.how C.which D.thathow90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcome B.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseeme D.whetherhewouldcome91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakeme