高考英语语法精讲精练 专题四 动词及动词词组常考点

专题四动词及动词词组常考点动词是英语中的核心词汇，要想学好英语，首先要掌握和熟练运用动词。要注重动词词汇的原始积累，要进行大量阅读，体会在不同语境下动词及其词组的不同含义。动词和动词词组在特定语境下的灵活运用是近几年英语高考的考查热点。eq\a\vs4\al(1)考查常见动词的含义和熟词新义①考查常见动词的含义。如：achieve(获得)，attract(吸引)，adapt(适应；改编)，attach(依附)，behave(表现)，check(核对)，contain(容纳)，handle(处理)，threaten(威胁)等。②考查熟词新义。如：fail(衰弱)，cover(采访；够付；走过)；observe(庆祝；遵守)；push(逼迫)；save(省去)；stand(忍受；经得住)；tell(判断)等。根据所缺单词的首字母，写出单词的正确形式：①Lucyhasa________allofthegoalsshesetforherselfinhighschool.②Oneofthebestwaysforpeopletokeepfitistod________healthyeatinghabits.③—Howabouteighto'clockoutsidethecinema?—Thats________mefine.④Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoess________hisboss.⑤Thousandsofforeignerswerea________totheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.【答案】①achieved②develop③suits④satisfies⑤attractedeq\a\vs4\al(2)常接不定式作宾语的动词，如：expect，hesitate，manage等；常接动词－ing作宾语的动词，如：allow，enjoy，imagine，risk，suggest等；常接“间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构的及物动词，如：give，offer等；连系动词，如：get，go，stay等。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Hepretended________(read)whenIcamein.②Ifyourracecarisn'tinsured，youmayrisk________(lose)everythingwhenithitssomethinghard.③Hemanaged_______(send)thetouriststotheairportintime.④Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.⑤Theparentssuggested________(sleep)inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.【答案】①tobereading②losing③tosend④accepting⑤sleepingeq\a\vs4\al(3)“动词＋介词”结构，如：addto，askfor，callfor，callon，dependon，dowithout，getover，getthrough，goover，leadto，livewith，lookinto，makeup，referto，stickto等。“动词＋副词＋介词”结构，如：catchupwith，comeupwith，endupwith，getdownto，goinfor，holdonto，keepupwith，liveupto，lookoutfor，lookupto等。用适当的介词或副词填空：①Wehavetoget________thewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway.②Don'tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory，oritmaygive________theshockingending.③Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture，butwe'vedecidedtoholdon________it.Itmightbevaluable.④Canyoumakeasentencetobring________themeaningofthephrase?⑤Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschooltakes________mostofherday.【答案】①in②away③to④out⑤upeq\a\vs4\al(4)“动词＋副词”结构，如：breakdown，breakout，breakup，comedown，comeout，getalong，getaway，getup，giveout，givein，goby，goup，runout，lookup，holdon，setout，turnout，workout等。“动词＋副词(＋宾语)”或“动词(＋宾语)＋副词”结构，如：bringout，bringabout，callup，carryon，carryout，cutoff，figureout，leavebehind，leaveout，makeout，makeup，pickout，pickup，putaway，putback，putout，putup，seeoff，setaside，setup，takedown，takein，takeup等。从方框里选出适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空：giveout;setup;gettogether;fitin;turnover;takeup;getin;buildup;takein①PractisingChineseKungfucannotonly________one'sstrength，butalsodevelopone'scharacter.②ForalltheseyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers.I'mhopingI'll________myownbusinesssomeday.③Don'tbe________byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.④We'regoingto________withsomefriendsforapicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus?⑤It'sgoingtorain.XiaoFeng，willyoupleasehelpme________theclothesontheline?⑥Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears，Jane________herjobasadoctorinthecountryside.⑦—Whatareyoureading，Tom?—I'mnotreallyreading，just________thepages.⑧Amyjoinedapaintinggroupbutdidn'tseemto________，sosheleft.⑨Thenewsofthemayor'scomingtoourschoolforavisitwas________ontheradioyesterday.【答案】①buildup②setup③takenin④gettogether⑤getin⑥tookup⑦turningover⑧fitin⑨givenout【常用动词短语用法归纳】1.agreeeq\a\vs4\al(on)(双方)就某事达成共识eq\a\vs4\al(to)同意计划、建议、安排eq\a\vs4\al(with)同意(某人)；适应(某人)；符合2.checkeq\a\vs4\al(in)报到；登记；投宿旅馆eq\a\vs4\al(out)查明；结账；付款离开旅馆eq\a\vs4\al(up)核对，检验3.breakeq\a\vs4\al(awayfrom)脱离(政党等)，摆脱eq\a\vs4\al(through)突破；穿透eq\a\vs4\al(in)强行进入；插嘴eq\a\vs4\al(intosth.)强行进入；突然＝eq\a\vs4\al(burstintosth.)eq\a\vs4\al(off)折断；中断eq\a\vs4\al(out)(突然)爆发；突然＝eq\a\vs4\al(burstout)eq\a\vs4\al(down)坏了；(计划等)失败，垮了；分解eq\a\vs4\al(up)驱散；结束；分成……4.bringeq\a\vs4\al(about)引起，造成eq\a\vs4\al(back)带回；使人想起eq\a\vs4\al(down)使降低eq\a\vs4\al(forward)提出；将……提前eq\a\vs4\al(in)引进；赚进eq\a\vs4\al(out)拿出；阐明，显现出；发表；出版；生产eq\a\vs4\al(on)使提高；引起，使发生eq\a\vs4\al(up)抚养；呕吐；提出5.calleq\a\vs4\al(at)拜访(某地)eq\a\vs4\al(on)拜访(某人)；号召，呼吁eq\a\vs4\al(for)去接(某人/某物)；要求，需要eq\a\vs4\al(in)召来，请来eq\a\vs4\al(off)取消eq\a\vs4\al(out)(大声)喊叫eq\a\vs4\al(back)叫……回来；回电eq\a\vs4\al(up)打电话；使人想起；征召入伍6.cuteq\a\vs4\al(up)切碎eq\a\vs4\al(out)剪下；删除；停止eq\a\vs4\al(off)切断；隔绝eq\a\vs4\al(in)插嘴eq\a\vs4\al(down)砍倒；削减eq\a\vs4\al(away)砍掉，切下eq\a\vs4\al(through)凿穿eq\a\vs4\al(short)使停止，中断7.carryeq\a\vs4\al(about)随身携带eq\a\vs4\al(out)执行eq\a\vs4\al(on)继续eq\a\vs4\al(off)赢得，夺去(奖牌)；拿走eq\a\vs4\al(away)拿走，抢走；吸引住某人(常用被动)8.giveeq\a\vs4\al(away)赠送；泄露；错失(时机等)eq\a\vs4\al(out)分发；发布；发出；用尽eq\a\vs4\al(off)散发出eq\a\vs4\al(up)放弃；把……献给eq\a\vs4\al(in)让步，妥协9.geteq\a\vs4\al(through)完成；通过；接通(电话)eq\a\vs4\al(in)进来；收获(庄稼)；插嘴eq\a\vs4\al(out（of）)出去；脱身；停止(习惯等)eq\a\vs4\al(off)下车；脱下来；离开eq\a\vs4\al(on)上车；进展；相处＝eq\a\vs4\al(getalong)eq\a\vs4\al(over)克服(困难等)；越过；复原eq\a\vs4\al(across)讲清楚；使人了解eq\a\vs4\al(around)到处走动；(消息)传开eq\a\vs4\al(together)聚集在一起；聚会eq\a\vs4\al(down)(从树上等)下来；取下，放下；写下；吞下eq\a\vs4\al(sb.down)使某人气馁eq\a\vs4\al(downtosth.)开始认真处理某事eq\a\vs4\al(by)通过；设法过生活；勉强可用10.dieeq\a\vs4\al(away)(声音、光等)减弱、渐息eq\a\vs4\al(down)(声音、火、疼痛等)渐息eq\a\vs4\al(for)为……献身eq\a\vs4\al(from（wound/pollution）)死于……eq\a\vs4\al(of（hunger/cold/oldage/grief）)死于……eq\a\vs4\al(out)绝种；(习惯等)消失eq\a\vs4\al(off)(家族等)相继死亡11.comeeq\a\vs4\al(across)偶然遇见/发现eq\a\vs4\al(along)赶快；进展；随同eq\a\vs4\al(on)用于祈使句，表示鼓励或催促eq\a\vs4\al(to)来到，达到；总计；谈到；苏醒eq\a\vs4\al(up)上升；被提出；从土中发芽eq\a\vs4\al(out)出来，(花)开；出版；明了；结果是eq\a\vs4\al(off)(纽扣等)脱落eq\a\vs4\al(down)物价跌落；下来eq\a\vs4\al(at)到达；袭击eq\a\vs4\al(back)回来；忆起……eq\a\vs4\al(about)产生，发生eq\a\vs4\al(upto)达到，符合eq\a\vs4\al(upwith)想出；拿出eq\a\vs4\al(downwith)突然得……病eq\a\vs4\al(around)恢复知觉；再度出现12.goeq\a\vs4\al(about)到处走动；传开；着手做……eq\a\vs4\al(after)追赶；追求eq\a\vs4\al(against)违背eq\a\vs4\al(by)(时间)流逝eq\a\vs4\al(through)浏览；查看；经历(困难等)eq\a\vs4\al(off)爆炸，(闹钟)响；进行(情况)eq\a\vs4\al(over)研究；复习；搜查；视察eq\a\vs4\al(out)出去；熄灭eq\a\vs4\al(down)下落，下沉；下跌eq\a\vs4\al(up)上升；涨价eq\a\vs4\al(on)发生，进行；继续；流逝eq\a\vs4\al(infor)喜欢；从事eq\a\vs4\al(for)喜欢；卖(多少钱)；努力得到eq\a\vs4\al(with)相配eq\a\vs4\al(without)没有……勉强支撑13.holdeq\a\vs4\al(back)阻挡；控制；保留；抑制eq\a\vs4\al(on)等一下；不挂断；坚持住eq\a\vs4\al(onto)抓住；不出让eq\a\vs4\al(up)举起；延误；支持eq\a\vs4\al(out)伸出；(食物等)维持14.showeq\a\vs4\al(off)炫耀eq\a\vs4\al(up)露面，出现eq\a\vs4\al(sb.around)领某人参观eq\a\vs4\al(sb.out)领某人出去eq\a\vs4\al(sb.in)领某人进来15.knockeq\a\vs4\al(down)把……击倒eq\a\vs4\al(into)撞在……上；偶遇eq\a\vs4\al(over)将……撞翻eq\a\vs4\al(about)流浪；无目的旅行；虐待16.leaveeq\a\vs4\al(behind)忘记带；留下……eq\a\vs4\al(out)不考虑；忽略掉eq\a\vs4\al(...alone)让……独自待着eq\a\vs4\al(off)停止；不再用17.keepeq\a\vs4\al(back)抑制；扣除eq\a\vs4\al(off)使离开；不接近eq\a\vs4\al(on)继续下去eq\a\vs4\al(out（of）)不使入内；不牵涉在内eq\a\vs4\al(up)保持；(士气等)不低落eq\a\vs4\al(upwith)不落在……的后面eq\a\vs4\al(to)遵守；不离开(位置、场所)18.passeq\a\vs4\al(away)过去；去世；消散eq\a\vs4\al(out)失去知觉eq\a\vs4\al(on)传递eq\a\vs4\al(down)传下来eq\a\vs4\al(through)穿过，通过；经历eq\a\vs4\al(by)从旁经过；不理会eq\a\vs4\al(over)不管；不追究19.lookeq\a\vs4\al(on)旁观eq\a\vs4\al(on/upon...as)把……看作eq\a\vs4\al(backon/upon)回顾eq\a\vs4\al(about/around)四处环顾；参观eq\a\vs4\al(up)仰视；查阅；转好eq\a\vs4\al(upto)尊敬eq\a\vs4\al(downon/upon)轻视eq\a\vs4\al(through)浏览；透过……看eq\a\vs4\al(over)检查；越过……看eq\a\vs4\al(into)调查；朝……里看eq\a\vs4\al(after)照顾eq\a\vs4\al(for)寻找；期待eq\a\vs4\al(out)当心；提防eq\a\vs4\al(at)注视；研究；eq\a\vs4\al(（仔细）察看；思考，考虑)20.puteq\a\vs4\al(off)推迟，延期；使失去兴趣eq\a\vs4\al(on)穿上；上演；播放；增加；打开eq\a\vs4\al(out)伸出；扑灭；生产；出版eq\a\vs4\al(through)接通电话；使经历(困难等)eq\a\vs4\al(up)举起；建立；张贴；提出；住宿eq\a\vs4\al(upwith)忍受eq\a\vs4\al(forward)提出；把……提前eq\a\vs4\al(down)放下；写下；镇压eq\a\vs4\al(away)收拾起来；储存；处理掉动物；把人送入监狱(精神病院)eq\a\vs4\al(aside)放在一边；储存；忽视eq\a\vs4\al(back)放还原处eq\a\vs4\al(in)放进；安装；插话eq\a\vs4\al(together)装配(零件等)；整理；综合21.handeq\a\vs4\al(in)交出eq\a\vs4\al(out)分发eq\a\vs4\al(over)移交(职位、任务等)eq\a\vs4\al(down)传下来22.pointeq\a\vs4\al(to)指向eq\a\vs4\al(at)指着；瞄准(无礼貌)eq\a\vs4\al(out)指出23.makeeq\a\vs4\al(for)朝……走去；有助于eq\a\vs4\al(up)组成；编造；弥补；和解；化妆eq\a\vs4\al(out)勉强分辨出；理解；填写；声称24.payeq\a\vs4\al(back)偿还；报复eq\a\vs4\al(off)还清；得到回报；成功；付清薪水解雇某人eq\a\vs4\al(for)付……钱25.pickeq\a\vs4\al(up)捡起；好转；收听；接；获得；买到eq\a\vs4\al(out)分辨出；了解；选出26.let...eq\a\vs4\al(down)使失望；放下eq\a\vs4\al(in)让……进入eq\a\vs4\al(out租借)；放……出去；泄露eq\a\vs4\al(off)排放；放(枪、烟火等)eq\a\vs4\al(sb.off)放过某人；允许某人不做27.pulleq\a\vs4\al(in)(车船)抵达eq\a\vs4\al(out)驶出；拔出；退出；撤退eq\a\vs4\al(over驶向路边，向路边停靠)eq\a\vs4\al(up)拔起；使停下eq\a\vs4\al(down)拉下；拆毁eq\a\vs4\al(on)(匆匆)穿、戴eq\a\vs4\al(through)克服困难；脱离危险28.teareq\a\vs4\al(at)撕扯着eq\a\vs4\al(down)撕下；拆毁eq\a\vs4\al(away)扯掉eq\a\vs4\al(up)撕裂；撕毁(合同等)eq\a\vs4\al(oneselfawayfrom)……忍痛离开29.tryeq\a\vs4\al(on)试穿、试戴eq\a\vs4\al(out)试验；试用；试演；eq\a\vs4\al(参加选拔)30.see...eq\a\vs4\al(off)送行eq\a\vs4\al(to)照顾；处理；注意31.thinkeq\a\vs4\al(about)考虑；熟虑eq\a\vs4\al(of)认为；考虑；想起(场景)；想到eq\a\vs4\al(out)(通过思考)想出；研究出eq\a\vs4\al(up)(突然)想出念头；设计出；发明eq\a\vs4\al(over)仔细考虑32.standeq\a\vs4\al(in)替代(某人)eq\a\vs4\al(for)支持(主义等)；代表eq\a\vs4\al(against)反对；背靠……站立eq\a\vs4\al(by)支持，拥护(某人)；袖手旁观eq\a\vs4\al(out)突出；显眼33.takeeq\a\vs4\al(as把……当作)eq\a\vs4\al(down)取下；记下；拆除eq\a\vs4\al(...for)把……误当作eq\a\vs4\al(off)起飞；脱去；成名eq\a\vs4\al(on)接受；承担；雇佣；呈现eq\a\vs4\al(over)接替，接管；继承eq\a\vs4\al(up)拿起；开始从事；占用；接下去eq\a\vs4\al(in)吸收；欺骗；在家接活；改小；收容eq\a\vs4\al(away)拿走；夺去eq\a\vs4\al(after)长得像或性格像eq\a\vs4\al(back)拿回；收回；退货eq\a\vs4\al(to)喜欢；沉迷于34.turneq\a\vs4\al(to)求助于……；查阅；eq\a\vs4\al(翻到)eq\a\vs4\al(out)生产；关掉；结果是eq\a\vs4\al(on)打开(灯等)；取决于；袭击；使(某人)感兴趣eq\a\vs4\al(off)关掉；使(某人)厌烦eq\a\vs4\al(down)拒绝；调低eq\a\vs4\al(away)撵走，拒不接受；转过脸去eq\a\vs4\al(up)出现；调高eq\a\vs4\al(over)翻身；翻转；eq\a\vs4\al(把……移交)eq\a\vs4\al(in)上交eq\a\vs4\al(around)转身35.seteq\a\vs4\al(out)着手做；出发；陈述eq\a\vs4\al(off)出发；引爆炸、燃放；引起(某种情绪)eq\a\vs4\al(down)放下；记下eq\a\vs4\al(aside)留出；抛弃(意见、习惯等)eq\a\vs4\al(back)把(钟、表)往回拨；阻碍eq\a\vs4\al(up)设立；建立eq\a\vs4\al(about)着手做eq\a\vs4\al(（setaboutdoing＝setouttodo）)eq\a\vs4\al(in)(坏天气、冬天、疾病等)开始，发生，到来36.sendeq\a\vs4\al(for)派(人)去请/取eq\a\vs4\al(off)寄出；给……送行；派遣eq\a\vs4\al(up)发射eq\a\vs4\al(out)发出/寄出(通知等)37.ringeq\a\vs4\al(up)打电话eq\a\vs4\al(back)回电话eq\a\vs4\al(off)挂断电话38.workeq\a\vs4\al(at)致力于eq\a\vs4\al(on)从事(某具体事物)eq\a\vs4\al(out)解决；计算出；结果；锻炼；拟订39.resulteq\a\vs4\al(in)导致eq\a\vs4\al(from)由……引起40.addeq\a\vs4\al(to)增加；增添(抽象名词)eq\a\vs4\al(...to)把……加到……里eq\a\vs4\al(up)加起来eq\a\vs4\al(upto)总计为41.liveeq\a\vs4\al(by)以……为生eq\a\vs4\al(for)为……而活eq\a\vs4\al(off)靠……生活；靠(某人)供养eq\a\vs4\al(on)以……为主食；以……为生计；继续活着eq\a\vs4\al(through)活过eq\a\vs4\al(upto)实践；配得上eq\a\vs4\al(with)与(某人)一起生活；忍受42.shuteq\a\vs4\al(down)停业；关闭(商店等)；停下(机器等)eq\a\vs4\al(off)关掉(煤气等)；切断(交通等)eq\a\vs4\al(up)紧紧关上(门窗等)；停业；关闭(商店等)；闭嘴1.(2014·江苏卷)—Dad,Idon'tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.—Isee.I'llgorightawayand________．A.payhimbackB.payhimoffC.puthimawayD.puthimoff2.(2014·湖北卷)Seeingthebigcrowdcomingtowardshim,hestartedtorundownthehill,but________andwentdownonhishandsandkneesinthemeltingsnow.A.slippedB.skiedC.signalledD.sank3.(2014·陕西卷)RalphW.Emersonwouldalways________newideasthatoccurredtohim.A.setoffB.setaboutC.setupD.setdown4.(2014·江苏卷)Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare______bymajorcompanies.A.chasedB.registeredC.offeredD.compensated5.(2014·浙江卷)Howcouldyou________suchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths?A.turnoffB.turninC.turndownD.turnto6.(2013·江苏卷)Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers________theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover7.(2013·浙江卷)Whenthegroupdiscussionisreachingitsend，makesureto________itwithimportantpoints.A.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold8.(2013·安徽卷)Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforethey________ontheirlifejourney.A.giveupB.settledownC.getthroughD.setoff9.(2013·湖北卷)Accordingtothelaw，allforeignershaveto________withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register10.(2012·湖北卷)Twolawyershavedonated$50，000to________ourschool'scampaign“HelptheNeedy”，whichwasstartedbyourformerheadmasterthreeyearsago.A.sponsorB.launchC.organizeD.play【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.A5.C6.A7.A8.D9.D10.A1.She________JapanesewhenshewasinJapan.Nowshecanspeakitfreely.A.pickedoutB.madeoutC.madeupD.pickedup2.It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit________thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameoverB.cameoutC.cameaboutD.cameup3.AsIgrewupinasmalltownatthefootofamountain，thevisittothevillage________scenesofmychildhood.A.calledupB.calledforC.calledonD.calledin4.Thecomputersystem________suddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.A.brokedownB.brokeoutC.brokeupD.brokein5.Atrulycreativepersoncantellthesamestorytimeaftertimeandstill________withfreshideas.A.comealongB.comeonC.comeupD.comeout6.Jackmustbeworriedaboutsomething.Youcan________itfromthelookonhisface.A.regardB.recognizeC.readD.realize7.—Thebosssaidwehadonlythreedaystofinishthework.—Don'tworry.Wehavealready________twothirdsofit.A.gotdownB.gotthroughC.giveninD.givenaway8.Someinsects________thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.A.takeinB.takeoffC.takeonD.takeout9.Hisideasofhavingweeklyfamilymealstogether，whichseemeddifficultatfirst，has______goodchangesintheirlives.A.gotthroughB.resultedfromC.turnedintoD.broughtabout10.Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan________myfather.A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout11.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand________jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup12.—Willapencil________？—I'mafraidnot.Onlyapencanbeusedintheexam.A.countB.fitC.doD.satisfy13.Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas________fromtheoutsideworld.A.cutoutB.cutoffC.cutupD.cutthrough14.Itwasnotaseriousillness，andshesoon________it.A.gotoverB.gotonwithC.gotaroundD.gotoutof15.Beforethewarbrokeout，manypeople________insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.A.threwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedaway16.Thedoctorhadalmostlosthopeatonepoint，butthepatientfinally________！A.pulledoutB.pulledthroughC.pulledupD.pulledover17.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark，butitdidn'tquite________asplanned.A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup18.It'stenyearssincethescientist________onhislife'sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup19.—Howareyougettingonwithyourbusiness?—I'mgladtosayitis________．A.turningupB.takingupC.breakingupD.pickingup20.Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney－makersofalltime.A.promisesB.agreesC.pretendsD.declines2