专业学位硕士研究生英语教程词汇及课后答案

Unit10 GlobalizationWordBankalienation:aturningaway;estrangement疏远,疏离altitude:theheightofathingaboveareferencelevel高度,海拔assemble:tobringorcalltogetherintoagrouporwhole召集bureaucrat:anofficialofabureaucracy官僚collaboration:theactofworkingwithanotherorothersonajointproject协作commission:agroupofpeopleofficiallyauthorizedtoperformcertaindutiesorfunctions调查团commoditize:tomakesth.bearthefeatureofbeingacommodity商品化commodity:somethingusefulthatcanbeturnedtocommercialorotheradvantage日用具,商品concrete:oforrelatingtoanactual,specificthingorinstance具体,实际converge:totendtowardorapproachanintersectingpoint汇聚destructive:causingorwreakingdestruction;ruinous破坏,破坏性dismantling:theactoftakingapartortearingdown拆开,分解embassy:abuildingcontainingtheofficesofanambassadorandstaff大使馆embolden:tofosterboldnessorcouragein使大胆,使有胆量exclusion:theactorpracticeofexcluding排除flattening:beingflat扁平gang:agroupofcriminalsorhoodlums帮派grievance:afeelingofresentmentorinjusticeathavingbeenunfairlytreated埋怨;委屈hateful:feelingorshowinghatred憎恨instrument:ameansbywhichsomethingisdone;animplement手段;工具invisible:impossibletosee;notvisible看不见minimize:toreducetothesmallestpossibleamount,extent,size,ordegree最小化outsource:tobuyin(componentsforaproduct)ratherthanmanufacturethem外界供给oyster:anyofseveralediblebivalvemollusks牡蛎potential:capableofbeingbutnotyetinexistence潜在,可能refuge:aplaceprovidingprotectionorshelter呵护所reservation:theactofreserving保留restriction:theactofrestricting限带,限定retiree:onewhohasretiredfromactiveworkinglife退休者spot:aplaceofrelativelysmallanddefinitelimits场所;地点stimulate:toexcite(anerve,organ,etc.)withastimulus刺激;激发summon:tocalltogether召集;召唤swarm:tomoveinorformalargenumber成群移动或出现unlock:toundoorsetfree打开;释放utmost:ofthehighestorgreatestdegree,amount,orintensity;mostextreme极度,最大versus:against与……相对warp:toturnortwist(wood,forexample)outofshape扭曲PhrasesandExpressionsbringabout:tocausetohappen造成bringdown:tocausetofall打倒,击落drawup:toprepareadraftof(alegaldocument)草拟lookthrough:toexamine查阅;审校reflecton:tothinkover思索;反省ReadingComprehensionChoosethebestforeachofthefollowing.1.Itisconcludedinthearticlethat11/9and9/11aredifferentinthat__C___.A.11/9broughtdownawalland9/11openedthewindowsoftheworldB.11/9broughtdowntheWorldC.11/9representedthecreativeimaginationand9/11representedthedestructiveimaginationD.11/9unlockedhalftheplanetand9/11madethecitizenspotentialpartnersandcompetitors2.Accordingtothearticle,whatmightbethecause(s)of11/9?(D)A.HundredsofEastGermanssoughtrefugeattheWestGermanembassyinHungary.B.TheEastGermangovernmentgaveintothepressurebuiltupbytheescapeofmorethanthirteenthousandEastGermans.C.EasternEuropeanslookedforwardtowalkingoutfrombehindtheIronCurtainandengagewithaflatteningworld.D.Alloftheabove.3."Weweretheonlysuperpower,andtheworldwasouroyster"(Para.4)Here"oyster"infersthat__B__.A.theworlditselfprovidesashelterforAmericansB.peopleinAmericacouldenjoysupremefreedomsoastogeteverythingtheywantfromlifeC.AmericansfeeltobeplayingasignificantroleinthewholeworldD.Americaisaparadiseoflibertyandfreedom4.Whycouldimaginationneverbecommoditizedaccordingtothearticle?(B)A.Becauseimaginationistooimportanttobecommoditized.B.Becauseimaginationistooindividualizedtobecommoditized.C.Becauseitisextremelytoughforimaginationtobecommoditizedunderaneartotalmonopolyofpower.D.Becauseitisofnovalueatalltocommoditizeimagination.5.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatIrvingWladawskyBergersaysthat___A__.A.positiveimaginationcouldpossiblyeasethedangerfromindividualsevenwithouttheinstrumentsofastateB.focusonproductiveoutcomescouldadvanceandunitecivilizationC.peacefulimaginationcouldminimizealienationandcelebrateinterdependenceD.stimulatingpositiveimaginationisoftheutmostimportanceII.Completethefollowingsummaryofthetextbyfillingintheblankswithwords.Theinitialletterofeachwordhasbeengiventoyou.Thepastdecadeandahalfwitnessedhowtheworldwent(1)flat,whichischaracterizedbytwodates:11/9and9/11.Thecreative(2)imaginationof11/9ledtothecollapseoftheBerlinWallandhelpedcitizensaroundtheglobetojointogetherinbusinessandtrade.Inthemeantime,the(3)destructiveimaginationof9/11broughtdowntheWorldEleven-ninearosefromasimpleeventinwhichhundredsofEastGermanssought(4)refugeattheWestGerman(5)embassyinHungaryinJuly1989.Asaresult,Hungarydecidedtoliftthe(6)restrictionsonthepassagetoAustria,whichmadeitpossibleforthousandsofEastGermansto(7)escapetoAustriaandthustoWestGermany.Theimpending(8)pressuredrovetheEastGermangovernmentto(9)removetravelban.Thuson11/9/89,EastGermansgatheredtobreakdowntheBerlinWall.However,9/11changedthewayinwhichtheworldgotflattenedpeacefullyandpositively.BinLadenandhisgangmighthaveplottedtohitbothtowersoftheWorldTradeVocabularyI.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.Someanimalsgetconfusedwhenseeingtheir__B___amirror.A.inflection B.reflection C.conviction D.nutrition2.Memorycanbeprofoundly___A__bysubsequentexperience.A.shaped B.shipped C.shifted D.sharpened3.Wereceivedmanycleverand___C__entriesinourchildren'spaintingcontest.A.initiative B.inductive C.imaginative D.informative4.Thisdresswassewnbymymothercarefullyandthestitchesarealmost___D__.A.incredible B.impossible C.insatiable D.invisible5.Manybusinesseswithgrowth__B___failtoraiseenoughfundsbecausetheylackinvestmentreadiness.A.essential B.potential C.utensil D.spatial6.Countlesssmallstreams___A__toformalargeriver.A.converge B.diverge C.submerge D.infringe7.Thesepillsshouldhelpto___C__thepain.A.increase B.lease C.ease D.abuse8.Abig___B__ofbeesstartedfollowingClairewhoranawayterrified.A.swim B.swarmC.warm D.swam9.Duringthepregnancy,it'snormaltogainweight,butI__B___balloonedup.A.initiatively B.literally C.laterally D.lastly10.His__C___istodedicatehimselftotheserviceofhiscountry.A.hatred B.education C.motto D.religionII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.representrealizeinnocentcommodityavailablethreatenstimulateminimalsuspectreserverestrictcenteraliengrievelock 1.Publichealthofficialsnowsaythediseaseisundercontrolandis,notapublichealththreat. 2.Don'tworry.Yourloyaltyisaboveanysuspicion. 3.Forthepast10years,manytechnologiesthatwehavebeenusingreachedwidescaleadoptionandthusessentiallyhavebecomecommoditized. 4.Lifesavingcareusedtobeunavailabletowomengivingbirth,particularlyinruralareas. 5.Ifyouproveyourinnocenceyoucanbefree. 6.Ithinkwecanminimizetheproblem,soitisn'tworthfussingabout. 7.TheseinscriptionsarekeyswithwhichweunlockthesecretsofancientEgypt. 8.I'dliketochangemyreservationinyourhotel. 9.Powerwithoutrestrictionisvulnerabletocorruption.10.Yourkindnesswasaconsolationtomeinmygrief.TranslationPutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.9/11造成污染让约40万人健康受到严重伤害。据市卫生署相关官员介绍,统计数据显示,有3．5万至7万人患上了PTSD心理后遗症,另有0．38万到l．26万人可能得了哮喘。这其中包含参与事后救援和重建人员、曼哈顿下城区居民、区域工人、上班族和过路人。总体来看,有二分之一受访者称当初她们被笼罩在大楼坍毁产生巨大烟尘中,70％人亲眼目睹了飞机撞上大厦和尸体横飞恐怖场景;还有13％人受了伤。参考译文Oftheestimated400,000peoplebelievedtohavebeenheavilyexposedtopollutionfrom9/11disaster,datasuggeststhat35,000to70,000peopledevelopedPTSDand3,800to12,600mayhavedevelopedasthma,cityhealthofficialssaid.Theyincluderescueandrecoveryworkers,lowerManhattanresidents,areaworkers,commutersandpassers-by.Overall,halfoftherespondentssaidtheyhadbeeninthedustcloudfromthecollapsingtowers;70percentwitnessedatraumaticsight,suchasaplanehittingthetowerorfallingbodies;and13percentsustainedaninjurythatday.ExerciseTranslatethefollowingsentencesbyusingnon-restrictiveattributiveclause．1．去年1月份,北京将小排量汽车购置税减半,这也是政府新政策。(halvethepurchasetax)2．正如所预料,今年中国连续高涨钢铁需求影响了钢铁行业格局。(dominatethelandscape)3．温室气体排放量占全球排放总量约40％中美两国是气候峰会上两股最关键力量。(accountfor)4．谷歌事件给部分对中国政治体制心存偏见西方人一个指责中国政府机会。(bebiasedagainst)5．假如她仅做买卖而对市场潜力不做调查,她就是一个不善经营商人。(marketpotentiality)6．摄取均衡营养最好路径是均衡饮食,其中包含大量新鲜水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维。(gettherightbalanceof)7．收入低于最低工资标准执法官员们有时候多个月都拿不到薪水。(onend)8．火箭在太空中运行最好,因为在那儿不存在阻碍她们运动大气。(performbest)9．约有50％至80％食物传输疾病都发生在厨房,细菌从生肉和蔬菜传输到手上。(food·borneillnesses)10．十年前中国电影在各大国际电影节大放异彩时中国电影产业却是混沌一片。(indisarray)参考译文:1.BeijinglastJanuaryhalvedthepurchasetaxonvehicleswithsmallerengines,whichwasalsoanewpolicycarriedoutbygovernment.2.Asisexpected,China’ssurgingdemandforsteelthisyearhasdominatedthelandscapeofthesteelindustry.3.TheUSandChina,whichtogetheraccountforsome40%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions,arethenationsthatmattermostintheclimatedebate.4.The谷歌caseprovidessomewesterners,whoarebiasedagainstChina’spoliticalsystem,withanopportunitytopointtheirfingersattheChinesegovernment.5.Hewouldbeabadbusinessman,whomerelydidbuyingandsellingwithoutinvestigatingmarketpotentiality.6.Thebestwaytogettherightbalanceofnutrientsisabalanceddiet,whichincludesplentyoffreshfruits,vegetablesanddietaryfiber.7.Lawenforcementofficials,whosesalarieswerefarbelowalivingwage,sometimesreceivednopaymonthsonend.8.Rocketsperformbestinspace,wherethereisnoatmosphe