新高考英语二轮复习学案：说明类完形填空（含答案）

说明类完形填空说明文一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理。其最显著的特点是:开头点题，结构条理清晰。考生做题的关键在于理清文章结构，把握全文大意。

常见、常考的说明文集中在阐述事理、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品等。这类文章主要的特点：

1.开头点题

2.篇章的条理清晰、层次分明

说明文层次分明，脉落清晰，有条有理。大多数完形填空的说明文是按因果关系进行说明，有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明，有的先概述后举例，有的先举例后概述，也有的按事情的逻辑关系来展开。题例(2013广东卷）

Numbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea

1

innumber.Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability.

2

，experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare,too.Forexample,manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnot

3

.However,ifyouremovetwo,thebird

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leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe

5

betweentwoandthree.

Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird's

6

numbersense.Amanwas

tryingtotake

aphotoofacrow(乌鸦)thathadanestinatower,butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot

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untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan

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.Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed,buttheydidnot

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thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft,too.Theexperimentwas

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withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere

11.Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere

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abletofoolthecrow.Howgoodisahuman'snumbersense?It'snotverygood.Forexample,babiesaboutfourteenmonthsoldalmostalwaysnoticeifsomethingistakenawayfroma

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group.Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour,thechildrenare

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fooled.

Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld,andthatourhuman

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isnotmuchbetterthanacrow's.1.A.rise

B.pattern

C.change

D.trend2.A.Importantly

B.Surprisingly

C.Disappointedly

D.Fortunately3.A.survive

B.care

C.hatch

D.notice4.A.generally

B.sincerely

C.casually

D.deliberately5．A.distance

B.range

C.different

D.interval6．A.amazing

B.annoying

C.satisfying

D.disturbing7.A.relax

B.recover

C.react

D.return8.A.appointment

B.excuse

C.idea

D.explanation9.A.fool

B.hurt

C.catch

D.kill 10.A.report

B.repeated

C.designed

D.approved11.A.confused

B.gone

C.tired

D.drunk12.A.gradually

B.luckily

C.strangely

D.finally13.

A.single

B.small

C.local

D.new14.A.seldom

B.temporarily

C.merely

D.often15.A.sight

B.nature

C.ability

D.belief实战演练一：Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery1thingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon2,andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied3theybegintouseit.However,buyingapenthatyou’llenjoyisnot4ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe5touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic（特征）6comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavea7handandthickerfingersyoumay__8fatterpen.Thelengthofapencan9influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo10caneasilyfeeltop-heavyandunstable.Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould11theinktoflowevenly（均匀地）whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.12willmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea13lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughto

14ink

fromrunningwhenthepenislifted．Apointthatdoesnotblockthe15mayleavedropsofink,16youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.17,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Fine-linepensmay18badhandwriting,butfine,delicate(微妙;脆弱的)linesdonotcommand19nexttoprintedtext,as,20,asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,giveanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority（权威）。1.A.many B.few C.pleasant D.important2.A.looks B.reason C.value D.advantages3.A.once B.if C.because D.though4.convenient B.practical C.strange D.difficult5.A.heavy B.easyC.hard D.safe6.A.taking B.finding C.determiningD.seeking7.A.stronger B.weaker C.smallerD.larger8.A.perfer B.recommend C.prepare D.demand9.A.hardly B.also C.never D.still10.A.thick B.light C.long D.soft11.A.change B.allow C.reduceD.press12.A.They B.One C.ThisD.Some13.Athin B.rough C.blackD.smooth14.A.prevent B.free C.protectD.remove15.A.way B.sight C.flowD.stream16.A.so B.as C.and D.yet17.A.Meanwhile B.Generally C.Afterwards D.Finally18.A.showup B.differfrom C.breakdown D.compensatefor19.A.attention B.support C.respect D.admission20.A.atmost B.forexample C.inbrief D.onpurpose实战演练二Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,allstudentsmust1sixtyhoursofservicelearning,2theywillnotreceiveadiploma.Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.3ofservicelearningincludecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.4aserviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournal（日志）andthenwritea___5aboutwhattheyhavelearned.Supportersclaimthattherearemany6ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,studentsareforcedtothink7theirowninterestsandbecome8oftheneedsofothers.Studentsarealsoabletolearnreal-lifeskillsthat9responsibility,problem-solving,andworkingaspartofateam.10,studentscanexplorepossiblecareers___11servicelearning.Forexample,ifastudentwonderswhatteachingislike,heorshecanchoosetoworkinanelementaryschoolclassroomafewafternoonseachmonth.12therearemanybenefits,opponents(反对者)13problemswiththenewrequirement.First,they14thatthemainreasonstudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,studentsspend15timestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithout16goesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayanindividual'sfreedomtochoose.Inmyview,servicelearningisagreatwayto17tothecommunity,learnnewskills,andexploredifferentcareers.18,Idon'tbelieveyoushouldforcepeopletohelpothers–the19tohelpmustcomefromtheheart.Ithinkthebest20isonethatgivesstudentschoices:astudentshouldbeabletochoosesixtyhoursofindependentstudyorsixtyhoursofservice.Choiceencouragesbothfreedomandresponsibility,andasyoungadults,wemustlearntohandlebothwisely.1.A.spend B.gain C.complete D.save2.A.and B.or C.but D.for3.A.Subjects B.ideas C.Procedures D.Examples4.A.With B.Before C.During D.After5.A.diary B.report C.noteD.notice6.A.courses B.benefits C.challenges D.features7.A.beyond B.about C.over D.in8.A.careful B.proud C.tired D.aware9.A.possess B.apply C.include D.develop10.A.Gradually B.Finally C.LuckilyD.Hopefully11.A.through B.across C.ofD.on12.A.So B.Thus C.SinceD.While13.A.dealwith B.lookinto CpointoutD.takedown14.A.argue B.doubt C.overlookD.admit15.A.much B.full C.lessD.more16.A.cost B.pay C.care.D.praise17.A.contribute B.appeal C.attendD.belong18.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.BesidesD.However19.A.courage B.desire C.emotion D.spirit20.A.decision B.purpose C.solutionD.result题例：1—5CBDAC

6—10ADCAB

11—15BDBDC

分析：文章一开始就点题：Number

senseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea

1

innumber,看到此句，考生马上明白文章要谈的是：Number

sense，而且，1空处即是文章的核心信息：change.文章开头就是文章的主题句，全文采用先概述，后分述展开的写作结构。同时，文章中的主题词：Numbersense,change也呈现出来了，全文就是围绕着这2个词来展开的。全文采用对比的方式，说明animals，特别是birds和人在thesenseofnumberchange上的异同。最后文章归纳出Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimals，全文采取“总—分—总”的组织结构来写的。解题一定要搞清楚文章的篇章结构（即：作者阐述事理的条理，按什么方式来说明的）。大多数高考的说明文是按因果关系进行说明，或按先主后次的顺序进行说明，或先概述后举例，也有的按事情的逻辑关系展开。所以分析事情的逻辑关系非常重要。从这个角度来讲，高考完形填空既考词汇在篇章中的运用，也考思维！！所以考生备考时，一要注重词汇的积累（不仅仅停留在识字的层面，而是要求准确理解、熟练运用），二要训练自己的逻辑思维。实战演练一Keys:BAADBCDABCBCDACBDDAB【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么样的钢笔才算是得心应手的钢笔。1.B。既然现代家庭和办公室里有了打印机，那么手写的东西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few少的。2.A。下文提到“人们一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”可知当时挑选钢笔时，主要是根据其外观买的。looks外表，外貌；reason原因；value价值；advantages优点，优势。3.A。此处应是时间状语从句，用once引导，“一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”；once一旦；if如果；because因为；though虽然，尽管。4.D。句意：如果你记住了以下几点的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔是不难的。convenient方便的；easy容易的；strange奇怪的，陌生的；difficult困难的。5.B。根据常识可知，好的钢笔应该是用起来很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的；easy容易的，舒适的；hard硬的，难的；safe安全的。6.C。钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine决定；seek追求，寻找。7.D。和上句的smallhandandthickfingers相对照，此处应是largerhandandthickerfingers。8.A。句意：如果你的手比较大，手指比较粗的话，你可能更喜欢粗点的钢笔。prefer喜爱；recommend推荐，建议；prepare准备；demand要求，需要。9.B。上文提到钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征，此处又提到其长度也影响舒适度。故选also也。hardly几乎不；never从不；still仍然。10.C。上文提到长度也会影响钢笔的舒适度，那么造成钢笔给人不平稳感觉的就应是钢笔太长了，所以选long长的。thick粗的；light轻的；soft柔软的。11.B。此处的意思应是“笔尖应让墨水出水均匀”，故选allow允许；change改变；reduce减少；press按，压。12.C。this指代上文中提到的“钢笔出水均匀”。13.D。出水均匀的钢笔能够让字体线条流畅。smooth流畅的，光滑的；thin纤瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。14.A。笔尖应该是当钢笔拿起来时，不再出水。prevent…from