大学英语语法 课件 名词性从句

NounClausesNounClausesHowshouldweusemoderntechnology?Theproblemis…Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.WhenwillmanbeabletoliveonMars….isunknowntousallWhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.WherewillalltheseadvancedtechnologyleadusIcan’timagine….Ican’timaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnologywillleadus.名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句,可以表示:事实和问题。1.连接词有:thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有:whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.连接副词有:whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。名词性从句中的that没有词义,也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外,主从和表从中不省主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句从句一律保持陈述语序请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句主从WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.同位语从句宾从Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.表从Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?同位语从句Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?定从主从Itissaidthattheywonthegame.精品课件,精彩无限!5?引导名词性从句的连接词:that(无意义,不可省,不充当任何成分)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分精品课件,精彩无限!6?连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词:when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分精品课件,精彩无限!7不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy?Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon精品课件,精彩无限!81.主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分1Thattheearthisroundistrue2Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful3Whathesaidsurprisedmemost4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting8Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.It的用法:(形式主语)It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’said/reported…that…据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge众所周知)/acommonsaying….(俗话说)“if”不能引导主语从句,应有“whether”引导主语从句的“that”一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时,谓语动词:1)常与其后作表语的名词一致2)根据句子的语境而定1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.1.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrueA.ThatB.WhyC.WhatDHow2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherA.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergyA.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggrayA.whetherBThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusinessA.isBareC.hasDhave注意主语从句中的“主谓一致”:1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.isThattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.areWhathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants___is___somewater.精品课件,精彩无限!142.宾语从句:从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)that,whether,if(that常可省略)连词:who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how1.CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus3.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob5Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态,但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时,仍然用一般现在时。travelsTheteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansoundwillbe1.Theradiosaysit______cloudytomorrow.begoes2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything____well.gowereplaying3.Tomsaysthatthey____________playbasketballatsixo’clockyesterdayeveninghavereturned4.Ihearthey_______________returnitalreadyhadbeen5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.be宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”时态呼应hadfinishedHetoldmethathe____________hisjob已经完成了工作否定转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehereIdon’tthinkhewillcomehere精品课件,精彩无限!186.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______wrotetheletter.write7.Couldyoutellmewho_________hastakenawaythebookalready?take8.LingFengtoldmehe_________hadbeentotheGreatWallseveraltimes.be宾语从句中用it作形式宾语注意:如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时,一般用it来作形式宾语,把从句放在宾补后面。Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.精品课件,精彩无限!20Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语:A1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.themB2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocarelessA./B.itC.thatD.howB3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggreyA.whileB.thatC.ifD.for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?CA.weB.yourselfC.itD.them精品课件,精彩无限!213.表语从句:从句在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句连接代词:who/whoever/which/whatever连接副词:when/where/why/how/becauseChinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobeThat’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattimeHelookedasifhewasgoingtocryTomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.Theproblemis_________________________________thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.Thisis____________________________.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.3.天看起来要下雨了.asifitisgoingtorain.Itlooks____________________________.精品课件,精彩无限!231.在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”不能用“If”2.一般情况下,“that”不能省3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…3.Thereasonwhy…/for…is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodoA.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachineA.becauseB.whyC.thatDWhether3.Thatis___theyseparatedA.thatBwhatCwhichDwhere4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsagoA.whatBwhichC.thatDwhen4同位语从句:从句在句中充当同位语成分,一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;rumour;news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/how1Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople2WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem3SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.whenhewillgetmarried.howtheycangetthetreasure.wheretheconcertwillbeheld.whoisfitforthework.whyithappened.Ihavenoideawhichpenismine.whatweshoulddonext.whomtheyaretalkingabout.whetherit’llraintomorrow.thatourfootballteamwonthegameWeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed同位语从句和定语从句的区别:1.同位语从句??that只起连接作用,不作任何成分定语从句??that是关系代词,起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2.同位语从句??同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明定语从句??定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰,加以限定3.同位语从句??that不能省定语从句??that在从句中作宾语时,可以省1.Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.1Whatistheidea?Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.2Whatsurprisesmanypeople?iTheideasurprisesmanypeople.iiThatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed1WhatisthepossibilityThepossibilityisthatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathome.2Whatisoftendiscussed?iThepossibilityisoftendiscussed.iiThatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.We’lldiscusstheproblemthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.1Whatistheproblem?Theproblemisthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.2Whatwillwediscuss?We’lldiscusstheproblem.We’lldiscussthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.that与whether/if的选择:1_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoallA.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That2Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweekA.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.whenwhether/ifwhether/if3Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.4Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.thatthatthatthat5Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?归纳whether/ifthat表示是否时用__________,表示肯定时用_______精品课件,精彩无限!32what&whatever引导名词性从句的区别who&whoeverwhich&whichever1.___________iWhateversworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.What3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisWhonotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunishedWhoeverWhoever,whatever___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,相当于名词后加一个定语从句,而___W__h_o,w___h_at__________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。精品课件,精彩无限!33that,what引导名词性从句的区别What1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.ThatThatwhat3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.归纳_______只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,没有词义that:what:_______起连接作用,且在从句中充当主语,宾语或表语,表示“所……的”。精品课件,精彩无限!34ExercisesB1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversitiesAWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldnotunderstandwas___fewerandfewerAstudentsshowedinterestinherlessonsAWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that3.HeisabsentfromschoolItis_______heisBseriouslyillA.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4.___hDashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraisingAWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoeverA5Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintounive