2025届高考英语二轮复习题型突击专题05阅读理解之生态环保类含解析

专题05生态环保类序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟Part1题型总览【题型综述】“生态环保”是一般中学英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物爱护、生态爱护、自然灾难、环境污染和爱护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活休戚相关，联系亲密。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多留意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。【技巧点拨】1.运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。在阅读时，首先用略读法快速阅读每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本结构，然后依据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。假如文章中含有标题、副标题、图片等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时须要重点考虑。依据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开宗明义，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，须要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行推断。2.利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理推断。

在阅读解题时，第一步可以阅读全文，驾驭中心大意。其次步可以依据题干要求，用查读法（scanning）再快速定位到相关段落。第三步可以重点搜寻段内的标记词，利用标记词所供应的逻辑关系找到细微环节信息，如数据、例子、缘由和结果等。假如句子成分困难，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，抓住行文逻辑的标记词，层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。【读相关词】hazen. 雾霾conservationn. 爱护recyclev． 回收；循环利用ecologicalbalance 生态平衡makeproperuseof 合理利用keepthebalanceof 保持……的平衡attachgreatimportanceto 特别重视bring...undercontrol 把……限制住be/becomeawareof 意识到taketheresponsibilityfor/beresponsiblefor对……负责任mistn. 薄雾shortagen. 缺乏damagen．&vt. 毁坏，破坏destroyvt. 摧毁，破坏ruinvt.(使)毁坏；(使)毁灭n. (复)废墟；遗迹disappearvi. 消逝threatenvt. 威逼betrappedinruins 被困在废墟中rebuildone’shome 重建某人的家园extinctadj. 灭亡的preservevt. 爱护victimn. 牺牲品，受害者damagenaturalhabitat 破坏自然栖息地endangeredspecies 濒危物种dieout 灭亡naturalreserve 自然爱护区protectwildlife 爱护野生动物cutdown 砍倒raisetheawarenessof 唤醒……的意识liveinharmonywith 与……和谐相处pollutevt. 污染wasten. 废料rubbishn. 垃圾；废物littern. 垃圾garbagen. 垃圾greenhouseeffect 温室效应environmentally­friendlyadj. 环保的advocatevt. 拥护，支持，提倡preservevt. 爱护，保留，保存limitednaturalresources 有限的自然资源alternativeenergy 替代能源inharmonywithnature 与自然和谐共处livealow-carbonlife 过低碳生活prevent...from... 阻挡……做……raiseone’senvironmentalawareness提高某人的环保意识saveandtreasureourresources 节约并珍惜我们的资源takeaction/steps/measurestodosth. 实行措施做某事callon/appealtosb.todosth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事Part2真题感悟Passage1【真题详解】【2024·全国新课标II】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28．WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointroduceanewbrand.D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed. B．Becamemature. C．Remainedstable. D．Crashed.31．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It’sformal. B．It’srisky. C．It’sharmful. D．It’straditional.【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28．推理推断题。依据其次段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以推断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29．推理推断题。依据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担忧以至于他们确定依据一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严峻破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30．词义揣测题。依据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的限制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年头末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，依据but推断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于限制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31．推理推断题。依据其次段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，依据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。【强重难词】environmentalistn.环保人士；环境论者；探讨环境问题的专家ecologistsn.生态学家（ecologist的复数enthusiastn.爱好者，热心家；热情支持者；狂热者ecosystemn.生态系统collapse_v.（突然）倒塌；（尤指因病重而）倒下，昏倒；（尤指工作劳累后）坐下；崩溃；（货币）贬值；折叠multiplyvt.乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘morallyadv.道德上；有道德地；的确地bringback拿回来；使…复原；使…回忆起来amassivething大量的事情non-nativespecies非本土物种crossyourmind萦绕在你的心头【析长难句】1.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式totalkaboutguilt-freefur；unless引导的是条件状语从句，其中that引导宾语从句，做understand的宾语。【译文】“假如你不明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地，那么谈论无罪感皮毛听起来都很疯狂。“”项目总监克里·麦克里说。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.【解析】句中含有一个so…that引导的结果状语从句，beconcernedthat是对…担忧.【译文】路易斯安那州的科学家特别担忧，他们确定付给猎人一条尾巴5美元。。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.【解析】句中says后面含有一个以it为形式主语it’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,以thatnutriafurisgreen引导的真正主语的状语从句。后面又有一个but连接的并列句hehasnodoubtaboutit.【译文】他说，让人们信任海狸鼠是绿色的并不简单，但他对此毫不怀疑。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2【真题详解】【2024·全国新课标I】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.33．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A．Todetectplants’lackofwaterB．TochangecompositionsofplantsC．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.34．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们独创这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在将来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。32．主旨大意题。依据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项探讨发觉，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项探讨中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的好处。故选D。33．细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的状况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的状况。故选A。34．细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在将来可能有助于削减能源消耗。故选C。35．主旨大意题。依据最终一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻马路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明白绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们独创这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在将来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。【强重难词】productiveadj.富有成效的conductv.组织，实施，进行；指挥（音乐）；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导（热或电）sprayn.喷雾，喷雾剂；喷雾器；水沫；transmissionn.传动装置，[机]变速器；传递；传送；播送diverseadj.不同的，相异的；多种多样的，形形色色的createvt.创建，创作；造成bedecoratedwith...由…装饰take...astepfurther把…进一步afaintlight微弱的光线aversionof……的一个版本positiveeffects_主动影响【析长难句】1.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.【解析】whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants是时间状语从句，其中的bedecoratedwith是用…装饰。【译文】在另一项探讨中，当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时，他们的工作效率提高了15%【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.【解析】these是句子的主语，include是谓语，plants和aplant并列做include的宾语。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰plant；whenthey’reshortofwater是宾语从句，做show的宾语。其次个that引导的定语从句修饰aplant。【译文】其中包括一种植物，它们的叶子上印有传感器，可以显示它们是否缺水，还有一种植物可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.【解析】本句是个主从复合句。Where引导的定语从句修饰anonandoff＂switch＂；whenexposedtodaylight是省略了主语和be的时间状语从句。【译文】工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当光线暴露在日光下时，这种开关就会减弱。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part3专题强化Passage1【真题自测】【2024·浙江卷】Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.2．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.3．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】1--4ADCA【解析】这是一篇说明文。依据一项探讨显示，自20世纪30年头以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变更好像是其主要因素。1．主旨大意题。其次段中，作者用详细数据说明白大树损失在各个地区的严峻程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。2．推理推断题。依据第三段最终一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).可知，对野火的限制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的限制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。3．细微环节理解题。依据最终一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度上升，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这削减了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年头以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题绽开，故选项A。Passage2【真题自测】【2024北京卷】Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2024.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染供应了新的途径。44.B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步探讨是辨清分解的缘由，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。45.D【解析】推理推断题。依据文章最终一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中运用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。46.C【解析】写作意图题。依据文章第一段最终一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再依据最终一段最终一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。Passage3【新题模拟】（2024·河北衡水市·衡水中学高三月考）Lastyear,thebushfiresinAustraliaburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplewerekilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thatwasthemostcasualties(伤亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweathermadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason."Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2024createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2024wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,"HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverity(严峻)ofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledbumsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).1．Whatarethenumbersaboutinparagraph1?A．ThecausesofAustralianfires.B．TheresultsofAustralianfires.C．ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D．ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains''susceptibleto"inthesecondparagraph?A．Veryquicklytoadaptto.B．Veryseriouslytofocuson.C．Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.D．Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.3．WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A．Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.B．Globalwanningisalsoamaincauseofthebushfires.C．Warmeroceantemperaturesleadstothefiresdirectly.D．Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．TostresstheeffectsofAustraliafires.B．Toshowthemethodsforlandmanagement.C．TopredicttheseriousnessofAustraliafires.D．Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingfiredamage.【答案】1．B2．C3．B4．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和扩散的缘由。1．推理推断题。由第一段“Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed(这个季节，澳大利亚的森林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000座房屋被毁)”可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严峻后果。故选B项。

2．词句揣测题。由其次段“ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason(加州高校伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候探讨员泽克·豪萨福尔说，气温上升和极端天气使澳大利亚更简单发生火灾，并延长了火灾季节的长度)”可推想，气温上升和极端天气更简单发生火灾，moresusceptibleto意为“更简单受到……影响”，与C项“Verylikelytobeinfluencedby(很简单受……的影响)”意思相近。故选C项。3．推理推断题。由第三段的“Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger(他说，一旦一个地区经验了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾发生和扩散的风险。那些由于全球变暖而变更的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长)”可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本缘由。故选B项。4．推理推断题。依据最终一段内容可知，气候专家强调，气候变更不是野火严峻的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也会影响火灾可用燃料的数量。诸如限制性燃烧和其他因素等做法可能会影响对人和财产的风险，火灾管理资源安排方式变更的同时，变更这些政策有很大的潜力限制将来野火造成的损害。可推断在最终一段作者想要介绍一些关于削减火灾损失的建议。故选D项。Passage4【新题模拟】（2024·云南昆明市·高三一模）Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2024.“We’reallveryexcited,”saysSteveMonfort,thedirectoroftheSmithsonian’sNationalZooandConservationBiologyInstitute.“It’sverygoodthatwecancontinueourcooperationwithourChinesecolleagues.”ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2024attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分别地).Theprobablelifetimeforgiantpandasisabout15to20yearsinthewild,andabout30yearsincaptivity(圈养).LikelytotravelwiththetwoisXiaoQiJi（LittleMiracle）,whowasbornonAugust21,2024.The15-week-oldmalecubisthefourthofMeiXiang’sfoursurvivingcubs.Bylong-standingagreement,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.WhenXiaoQiJiwasborn,hismotherMeiXiangbecametheoldestgiantpandatogivebirthinNorthAmerica.ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,D．C．.TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.“Itshouldn'tbesurprisingtopeoplethatcooperationisthefoundationofthewaythatonedoesthework.”Monfortsays,“Inprotectingspecies,nooneorganizationandoftennotevenonegovernmentcantheoreticallysaveaspecieswithoutpartnership.”5．Whatistheagreementabout?A．Twopandas'threemoreyearsintheUSA．B．CooperationbetweentheZooandChina.C．ThefirstpublicappearanceofXiaoQiJi.D．Thewaytoreturnhomeforthreepandas.

6．WhatdoweknowaboutMeiXiang?A．Shehasbeenabroadfor20years.B．ShehasbeensentbacktoChina.C．ShewasbornintheNationalZoo.D．She'stheoldestpandatogivebirth.7．What'sthepublic'sattitudetowardsthenewly-bornpanda