小学英语单词、语法大全

小学英语单词、语法大全一、学习用品(schoolthings)pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子book书bag包comicbook漫画书postcard明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书notebook笔记本Chinesebook语文书Englishbook英语书mathbook数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典对学习用品提问用what,如：Thisisabook.(提问)→Whatisthis?(注意：当对名词提问时，a/an在句中已无意义，所以要省去。)二、人体（body）foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴shoulder肩膀knee膝盖toe脚趾三、颜色（colours）red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕对颜色提问用whatcolour,如：It’sred.(提问)→Whatcolourisit?四、动物（animals）cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驴squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾shark鲨鱼seal海豹spermwhale抹香鲸killerwhale虎鲸对动物名词提问用what,如：It’sadog.(提问)→Whatisit?Myfavouriteanimalisadog.(提问)→What’syourfavouriteanimal?Ilikedogsbest.(提问)→Whichanimaldoyoulikebest?(对like后的名词提问，也就是对这种名词所属类别的一种提问，所以要用which＋类别词做疑问词。)五、人物（people）friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔；舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士；小姐mom妈妈dad爸爸parents父母grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父grandma/grandmother（外）祖母grandparents祖父母aunt姑姑son儿子daughter女儿cousin堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour邻居principal校长universitystudent大学生penpal笔友tourist旅行者people人物robot机器人对人物提问用who,如：She’smysister.(提问)→Who’sshe?She’smysister.(提问)→Who’syoursister?(注意：这个句子中被提问的人在动词前，直接由who代替画线部分的人即可。另外，who属于第三人称单数，当它处在动词前时，动词要用第三人称单数形式，过去时除外。)六、职业（jobs）teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家TVreporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计policeman(男)警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseballplayer棒球运动assistant售货员对职业提问用what,如：Mymotherisadoctor.(提问)→Whatisyourmother?或Whatdoesyourmotherdo?七、食品、饮料（food&drink）rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hotdog热狗hamburger汉堡包Frenchfries炸薯条cookie曲奇biscuit饼干jam果酱noodles面条meat肉chicken鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup汤ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋Coke可乐juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐对食品、饮料提问用what，如：I’dlikesomebeefforlunch.(提问)→Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch?八、水果、蔬菜(fruit&vegetables)apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄peach桃strawberry草莓eggplant茄子greenbeans青豆tomato西红柿potato土豆cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜对水果、蔬菜提问用what,如：Ilikeapples.(提问)→Whatdoyoulike?或Whichfruitdoyoulike?或What’syourfavouritefruit?九、衣服（clothes）jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants长裤socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋boots靴子hat(有沿的)帽子cap便帽sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾对衣服提问用what,如：Theseareyourshoes.(提问)→Whatarethese?十、交通工具(vehicles)bike自行车bus公共汽车train火车boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车jeep吉普车van小货车；面包车plane/airplane飞机subway地铁motorcycle摩托车by用在交通工具前面时表示一种交通方式，对交通方式提问用how,如：Igotoschoolbybike.(提问)→Howdoyougotoschool?十一、杂物（otherthings）window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teacher'sdesk讲台picture图画；照片wall墙壁floor地板curtain窗帘trashbin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror镜子endtable床头柜football/soccer足球present礼物walkman随身听lamp台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子TV电视air-conditioner空调key钥匙lock锁photo照片chart图表plate盘子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅gift礼物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon气球kite风筝jigsawpuzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝hole洞toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件trafficlight交通灯money钱medicine药对杂物提问用what.十二、地点（locations）home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间livingroom起居室kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park公园library图书馆postoffice邮局policeoffice警察局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园study书房playground操场canteen食堂teacher'soffice教师办公室library图书馆gym体育馆washroom卫生间artroom绘画教室computerroom计算机教室musicroom音乐教室TVroom电视机房flat公寓company公司factory工厂fruitstand水果摊petshop宠物商店naturepark自然公园bank银行themepark主题公园sciencemuseum科学博物馆theGreatWall长城supermarket超市country国家village乡村city城市hometown家乡busstop公交车站地点词前要用a或the,除了school,home,here,there,另外，home,here,there这三个词前也不能用to.对地点提问用where,如：Myfatherworksinafactory.(提问)→Wheredoesyourfatherwork?十三、课程（classes）sports体育运动science科学MoralEducation思想品德课SocialStudies社会课Chinese语文math数学PE体育English英语music音乐art美术computer电子计算机对课程提问用what,如：WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.(提问)→WhatdoyouhaveonThursday?十四、国家、城市（countries&cities）China/PRC中国America/USA美国UK联合王国England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚NewYork纽约London伦敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo开罗对国家、城市提问用where,如：I’mfromAmerica.(提问)→Whereareyoufrom?十五、天气（weather）cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎热的rainy下雨的windy有风的cloudy多云的weatherreport天气预报对天气提问用what或how,如：It’ssunnytoday.(提问)→Whatistheweatherliketoday?或Howistheweatherliketoday?十六、景物（nature）river河流lake湖泊stream河；溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太阳mountain山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气moon月亮十七、植物（plants）flower花grass草tree树seed种子sprout苗plant植物leaf叶子(复数leaves)十八、星期（week）Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末在西方国家，通常把Sunday当做一个星期的第一天，对星期几提问用whatday,如：It’sFriday.(提问)→Whatdayisit?十九、月份（months）Jan.(January)一月Feb.（February）二月Mar.(March)三月April四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月英语中日期的表示用月份词和序数词，如：六月一日June1st.对日期提问用What’sthedate?二十、季节（seasons）spring春summer夏fall/autumn秋winter冬对季节提问用what或which,如：Myfavouriteseasonisspring.(提问)→What’syourfavouriteseason?或Ilikespringbest.(提问)→Whichseasondoyoulikebest?二十一、方位（directions）south南north北east东west西left左边right右边turnleft左转turnright右转ontheleft在左边ontheright在右边ontheleftsideoftheroad在路的左边ontherightsideoftheroad在路的右边south（north,east,west）of….在……的南(北、东、西)边二十二、患病（illness）haveafever发烧hurt疼痛haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼haveasorethroat喉咙疼get（have）theflu得流感对病痛提问用What’sthematter？或What’swrong?如：Ihaveafever.(提问)→What’sthematterwithyou？或What’swrongwithyou?二十三、数词（numbers）one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/ahundredandthirty-six一百三十六first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六数词可以表示数量，对数量提问时用howmany,句子结构是Howmany＋复数名词＋一般疑问句？如：Thereare30booksonthedesk.(提问)→Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?数词也可以表示价格，对价格提问用howmuch,如:Theyare30yuan.(提问)→Howmucharethey?二十四、形容词(adj.)big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的；矮的young年轻的old旧的；老的strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet安静的nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh新鲜的favourite最喜爱的clean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored无聊的sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy重的new新的fat胖的happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的形容词比较级变化规则1.一般情况直接加er.2.以e结尾，只加r.3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加er4.先双写末尾一个字母，再加er对形容词提问用how,如：Amyishappy.(提问)→HowisAmy？但对表示外貌的形容词提问，要用：Whatbe人like?如：Myfatheristallandstrong.(提问)→Whatisyourfatherlike?二十五、介词（prep.）in在……里on（紧贴）在……上；在……时候（用在星期词和某月某日前，如：onMonday在星期一onChildren’sDay在儿童节onJune1st.在六月一日）under在……下面near在……的旁边behind在……后边nextto与……相邻over（悬挂）在……上面infrontof在……前面at在……如：at6:00在六点钟athome在家atschool在学校from…to….从……到……than与……相比较by经……乘……with和……一起(用在句尾)and和二十六、行为动词（v.）play（.ed）玩；踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飞jump跳walk走run(run)跑climb爬fight打架swing荡eat(ate)吃sleep睡觉like像，喜欢have(had)有；吃turn转弯buy(bought)买take(took)买；带live居住leave(left)离开teach教go(went)去study(studied)学习learn学习sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row划do(did)做dohomework做作业dohousework做家务dothedishes洗碗碟domorningexercises晨练；做广播操doanexperiment做实验watchTV看电视watchinsects观察昆虫read(read)books读书readabook看书readamagazine阅读杂志cookthemeals做饭watertheflowers浇花sweep(swept)thefloor扫地make(made)thebed铺床set(set)thetable摆饭桌washtheclothes洗衣服useacomputer使用计算机eat(have)breakfast吃早饭eat（have）dinner吃晚饭eatgoodfood吃美味的食物gohome回家gotobed上床睡觉gotoschool上学gohiking去远足goshopping买东西gofishing去钓鱼goswimming去游泳goice-skating去滑冰goskiing去滑雪gotothecinema去看电影gostraight向前直走havealook看一看haveEnglishclass上英语课haveapicnic举行野餐havebreakfast吃早饭havelunch吃午饭havedinner吃晚饭playfootball踢足球playcomputergameschess玩电脑游戏playsports进行体育运动playtheviolin拉小提琴playthepiano弹钢琴playchess下棋get（got）up起床getto到达getoff下车climbmountains爬山visitgrandparents看望（外）祖父母visittheGreatWall参观长城flykites放风筝make（made）asnowman堆雪人makekites制作风筝planttrees种树drawpictures画画cookdinner做饭answerthephone接电话listentomusic听音乐cleantheroom打扫房间write(wrote)aletter写信writeane-mail写电子邮件writeareport写报告drink(drank)water喝水take(took)pictures照相takeatrip（goonatrip）去旅行pickupleaves采摘树叶catchbutterflies捉蝴蝶countinsects数昆虫collectinsects收集昆虫collectleaves收集树叶collectstamps集邮ride(rode)abike骑自行车meet(met)见面，遇见welcome欢迎thank谢谢love爱work工作drink(drank)喝taste尝smell闻feed(fed)喂养shear剪milk挤奶look看guess猜help(hept)帮助pass传递show展示use使用clean打扫open打开close关上put放paint绘画tell(told)告诉kick踢bounce反弹ride(rode)骑stop(stopped)停wait等find(found)寻找到drive驾驶fold折send(sent)寄wash洗shine照耀become变成feel(felt)感觉到think思考fall(fell)落下wake(woke)up醒来puton穿上putawaytheclothes收拾衣服takeoff脱掉hangup挂起wear(wore)穿emptythetrash倒垃圾对句子中的行为动词或动词词组提问用What…do…?如：Ivisitedmygrandparentsyesterday.(提问)→Whatdidyoudoyesterday?在小学英语中，绝大多数动词都有四种基本形式：动词原形、单三式、ing形式（现在分词）、过去式。不论在任何时态、任何句型中情态动词或let或help或to后要用动词原形。A.第三人称单数形式（单三式）的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：1.一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work—works,write—writes。2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess—guesses,teach—teaches,watch—watches,catch—catches,wash—washes。3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i,再加es，如study—studies。注：不规则变化的有have—has,be—is,go—goes,do—does等。B.ing形式（现在分词）的构成在be动词（am,is,are）或like或for或go后才能用到动词的ing形式。1.直接加ing，如study—studying,work—working。2.去e加ing，如write—writing,move—moving。3.双写加ing，如get—getting,begin—beginning，run—running，swim—swimming。C.过去式的构成规则1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked。2.以e结尾，只加d，如dance—danced。3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如study—studied。4.先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped。还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。二十七、be动词.(1)am—was,is—was,are—wereI用am,you用are,is用语他，她，它，名词单数用is,所有复数都用are.(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.二十八、情态动词情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),need(needed),等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，后面必须用动词的原形。一、can,(could过去式）1)表示“能”、“会”Canyouskate?你会滑冰吗？2)表示请求和允许，“可以”-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。CanyouspeakEnglish?二、may,might表示请求和允许,用MayI...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI...？在口语中更常见。MayIhavealook?答语一般用Sure或Ofcourse.三、must,haveto 1)表示必须、必要。2)must是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要,“不得不”。四、shall,shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?五、should,should,表示应该、劝告、建议和命令。1.Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisill.2.ShouldIopenthewindow?六、will(w