2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2Naturaldisasters教学知识细解码学案含解析牛津译林版必修第三册

PAGEUnit2Naturaldisasters依据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．injurevt.损害，使受伤；损害→injuryn．损害；损害→injuredadj.受伤的；受损害的2．reactvi.反应；作出反应→reactionn．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应3．ordern．吩咐；依次；规则→orderlyadj.有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的4．confirmvt.证明，确认；使确信；批准→confirmationn．确认，证明5．occurvi.发生，出现；存在于→occurrencen．发生；出现6．reliefn．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消退；救济→relievev．减轻；解除；使放心7．informvt.通知；了解，熟识→informationn．信息；学问；情报→informedadj.见多识广的；消息灵通的1．signalvi.&vt.发信号，示意；标记n．信号，暗号；标记；信号灯①Thisannouncementsignalledaclearchangeofpolicy.vt.预示；表明②Chestpainscanbeawarningsignalofheartproblems.n.信号③Shesignalled(that)itwastimetoleave.vi.示意2．exitvi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出n．出口，通道；离开①Thereisafireexitoneachfloorofthebuilding.n.出口；通道②Hemadeaquickexittoavoidmeetingher.vi.离去，退场③Astheactorsexitedthestagethelightswenton.vt.退场，离去3．floodn．洪水，水灾；大量vi.&vt.沉没，泛滥；大量涌入；流满①Theheavyrainhascausedfloodsinmanypartsofthecountry.n.洪水，水灾②Largenumbersofimmigrantsfloodedintothearea.vi.涌入③Ifthepipeburstsitcouldfloodthewholehouse.vt.沉没④There'sbeenafloodoflow­fatandlighticecreamsonthemarket.n.大量WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)injurevt.损害，使受伤；损害(教材P16)Only5studentssufferedslightinjuries，despitethecurrentfiguresof7killedandover200injuredinthedisasterareaatlarge.尽管目前整个灾区总体的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。[例1]Two­thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他们当中三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。[例2]Heinjuredhiskneeplayinghockey.他打曲棍球时膝盖受伤。[造句]撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.[归纳拓展](1)injuredadj.受伤的theinjured受伤的人；伤员(2)injuryn.(对躯体的)损害，损伤；(对感情的)损害，挫伤doaninjurytosb.＝dosb.aninjury损害某人[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iheardthathersonwasinjured(injure)intheaccident.②Don'tdothat.You'lldoyourselfaninjury(injure).③Tomisplayinginplaceoftheinjured(injure)John.[易混辨析]injure，wound，hurt，harminjure指人在意外事故中受到的损害，可用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于对人的某个部位的损伤。wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的损害，是出血的、严峻的伤，特指战场上的受伤。hurt指一般的肉体损害，尤指精神上或感情上的损害。此外hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“受伤”。harm特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生苦痛、损害或某种不幸遭受。[选词填空]injure，wound，hurt，harm④YoureallyhurtmewhenyousaidIwasselfish.⑤Inthetrafficaccidenttenwerekilledandeightwereinjured.⑥Don'tharmyoureyesbyreadinginpoorlight.⑦Luckilynoonegotwoundedinthebattle.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)reactionn．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应(教材P16)Herstudents'reactionwasquickandcorrect―theymovedundertheirdesks，headfirst，andheldontothelegsofthedesks.她的学生们反应快速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。[例1]Therehasbeenamixedreactiontoherappointmentasdirector.对她任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。[例2]Itriedshakinghimbuttherewasnoreaction.我试着摇了摇他，但他纹丝不动。[造句]他对这消息有何反应？Whatwashisreactiontothenews?[归纳拓展]reacttosth. 对……作出反应reactbydoingsth. 以……方式作出反应reactagainst 反对，抗拒reactwith 与……起化学反应[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasalittleafraidofhisfather'sreaction(react).②Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.③Theboyoftenreactsagainsthisparents.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)signalvi.&vt.发信号，示意；标记n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标记(教材P16)Shesignalledtoherstudentstoexittheclassroominanorderlylinecoveringtheirheadswiththeirhands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。[例1]ShesignalledtoTedthatshewasmovingforward.她向特德示意她要向前走。[例2]Kurdishleaderssawthevisitasanimportantsignalofsupport.库尔德领导人把这次访问看作是表示支持的重要信号。[造句]他示意该走了。Hesignalledthatitwastimetoleave.[归纳拓展]adanger/warningsignal 危急/警告信号trafficsignals 交通信号灯signal(to)sb.todosth. 示意某人做某事signaltosb. 向某人示意signal(sb.)that... 示意(某人)……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theguardseemstobesignallingtouswithhisarm.②Thepolicemansignalledustocross(cross)theroad.③Tomturnedleftatthetrafficsignals(signal).④Thegentlemansignalledtomewithasmile.[易混辨析]signal，sign，symbol，marksignal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。sign表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”。symbol指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特别事物。mark一般用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于分辨而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成果等。[选词填空]signal，sign，symbol，mark⑤Heignoredthetrafficsignalsandcausedtheaccident.⑥Sir，youarenotallowedtowalkyourpetonthelawn.Don'tyouseethesign“Keepoffthegrass”？⑦Thedoveisthesymbolofpeace.⑧Everycoatintheshophasapricemarksewnonit.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)confirmvt.证明，确认；使确信；批准(教材P16)Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound，theyrelaxed，laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother.点名确认全部人都安稳无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，相互拥抱着。[例1]Haseveryoneconfirmed(that)they'recoming?他们是不是每个人都确认肯定会来？[例2]Thewalkinthemountainsconfirmedhisfearofheights.在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。[造句]你能证明一下发生了什么事吗？Canyouconfirmwhathappened?[归纳拓展]confirmsb.in... 使某人在……方面更加坚决confirmsb.inthebeliefthat... 使某人坚信……Itis/hasbeenconfirmedthat... 已经确定……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ithasbeenconfirmed(confirm)thathewasn'tthepersonwhostoleyourbike.②Mr.Roberts，mayIhaveyourtelephonenumbertoconfirm(confirm)theappointmenttomorrowevening?③Thislatestinformationconfirms(confirm)meinthebeliefthatheistoblame.④Thelatestevidenceconfirmedmeinhishonesty.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)occurvi.发生，出现；存在于(教材P17)Itimmediatelyoccurredtoherthattheseweresignsofanapproachingtsunami.她马上意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。[例1]Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur?这一事务原委是什么时候发生的？[例2]Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnight，lackoffreshairandoxygenisoftenthecause.假如头痛只发生在晚上，缺少簇新空气和氧气经常是其缘由。[造句]我没想到要核对我的保险单。Itdidnotoccurtometocheckmyinsurancepolicy.[归纳拓展](1)occurtosb. 某人突然想到；想起Itoccurstosb.that.../todo... 某人突然想到……(2)表示“某人突然想到……”还常用下列句型：Itstrikessb.that...Ithitssb.that...[名师点津]occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Anexcellentideaoccurred(occur)tomewhenIwokeupthismorning.②Itdidn'toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.③Itdidn'toccurtohimthatshewouldrefusehisinvitation.④Thiskindofdiseaseoccurred(occur)mainlyinthecountrysideinthepast.[小片段助记]Itdidn'toccurtohimthathiswifewashavinganaffair.Suddenly，aquestionoccurredtohim，“Whendiditoccur?Andwhy？”Itoccurredtohimtobreakupwithher.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)reliefn．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消退；救济(教材P17)Tohergreatrelief，theofficerimmediatelyrealizedthecomingdanger.令她大为宽慰的是，这名官员马上意识到了即将到来的危急。[例1]Weallbreathedasighofreliefwhenheleft.他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。[例2]Muchtomyreliefthecarwasnotdamaged.令我特别庆幸的是车并没有被损坏。[造句]能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。Itwasarelieftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.[归纳拓展](1)toone's(great)relief 使某人(大为)欣慰的是Whatarelief! 可轻松了！Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。(2)relievev. (难受、问题)减轻，缓解relievesb.of... 解除某人……的负担[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisagreatrelieftohave(have)rainafteralongtimeofdrought.②Thedoctor'streatmentgavenorelief(relieve)tothepatient.③ToMac'srelief，theanimalfellback，shakingitshead.④Youmayaskyourdaughtertorelieveyouofsomehousework.[小片段助记]Whatarelief!Thenewsecretaryrelievedusofsomeofthepaperwork，soIbreathedasighofrelief.Muchtomyrelief，Iwasrelievedofworkstress.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)informvt.通知；了解，熟识(教材P19)Remembertoinformyourselfofwhatisgoingon.记住要了解事态的进展。[例1]Ihavebeenreliablyinformedthatthecouplewillmarrynextyear.我得到牢靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。[例2]Weneedtimetoinformourselvesthoroughlyoftheproblem.我们须要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。[造句]他们将把自己所取得的任何进展都告知他。Theywouldinformhimofanyprogresstheyhadmade.[归纳拓展](1)informsb.of/aboutsth. 告知某人某事informsb.that... 通知某人……keeprmedof 随时告知某人……(2)informationn. [U]信息[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thankyouforkeepingmeinformed(inform)ofeverythingthat'shappening.②ThemanoftensurfstheInternettosearchforsomeinformation(inform).③Havingbeeninformed(inform)manytimes，hestillforgotthemeeting.④Didanyoneinformyouabout/ofthechangeoftheplan?SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)when用作并列连词(教材P16)AliceBrown，headteacheratFalmontPrimarySchool，wasteachingwhenthefloorbegantoshake.弗尔蒙特小学的校长爱丽丝·布朗正在上课，突然地板起先摇摆起来。[句式分析]句中用了“bedoing...when...”这一固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。句中的when是并列连词，意为“就在那时”。相当于andthen或andatthesametime。[例1]Newtonwasthinkingaboutthequestionwhenanapplefelltotheground.牛顿正在思索着这个问题，这时(突然)一个苹果落到地上。[例2]Hewassleepingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.他正在睡觉，突然有人敲门。[造句]我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.[归纳拓展]when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中：(1)bedoing...when...正在做……这时……(2)beabouttodo...when...＝beonthepointofdoing...when.../begoingtodo...when...刚要做……这时……(3)hadhardlydone...when...刚做了……这时……[翻译]①Iwaslyingonmyback(我正仰卧着)readingwhenIsawasnake.②Wehadbeenasleepforonlyafewhours(我们刚睡了几个小时)whenweheardabriskknockonthebedroomdoor.[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasonthepointofleavingwhensomeoneknockedatthegate.②Iwaswandering(wander)throughthestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.③Wewereabouttostart(start)whenitbegantorain.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)themoment引导时间状语从句(教材P16)Themomenttheshakingstopped，MissBrownsenseditwasthebesttimefortheclasstomaketheirescape.振动一停止，布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。[句式分析]本句中用了themoment引导的时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。[例1]ThemomentIwentin，Kateletoutacryofsurprise.我一进去，凯特就惊异地叫了一声。[例2]Don'tgetexcitedthemomentyouhearacriticism.不要一听到指责就沉不住气。[造句]我一遇到他，他就企图向我借钱。ThemomentImethim，hetriedtoborrowmoneyfromme.[归纳拓展]表示“一……就……”的结构有：①on/upon＋n./doingsth.②immediately/directly/once＋从句③theminute/themoment/theinstant＋从句④hardly...when...；nosooner...than...[名师点津]当hardly和nosooner放在句首的时候，主句通常用部分倒装形式。主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。[翻译]①On/Uponourarrival(一到达)，wewereshownaroundthecompany.②Hardlyhadwebeguntheclimb(我们刚一起先爬山)whenthesnowbegantocomedown.[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.②Uponreturning(return)fromBeijing，hebeganhisresearchwork.③Ifellinlovewiththiscitydirectly(direct)Isawit.④Immediately(immediate)she'dgone，Irememberedhername.1．(教材P16)Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound，theyrelaxed，laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother.[分析]此句为主从复合句。after引导时间状语从句，其中，thatallweresafeandsound为宾语从句；主句为“theyrelaxed”，现在分词短语“laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother”作伴随状语。[译文]点名确认全部人都安稳无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，相互拥抱着。2．(教材P17)GoldshoreBeachwastheonlylocalbeachtosurvivethedisasterwithoutanylossoflife.[分析]此句为简洁句。tosurvivethedisasterwithoutanylossoflife为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词短语theonlylocalbeach。[译文]在这场灾难中，金海岸是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。3．(教材P17)However，Sabrinawascertainthataterribledisasterwasonitswayandkeptaskingherparentstotalktoasafetyofficer.[分析]此句为主从复合句。其中that引导宾语从句。[译文]然而，萨布丽娜确信可怕的灾难即将来临，坚持要父母去找平安官员谈谈。教材高考1.Herstudents'reactionwasquickandcorrect―theymovedundertheirdesks，headfirst，andheldontothelegsofthedesks.(2024·浙江卷)Inthepast，therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads，saysMarkPoch，theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.2.Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound，theyrelaxed，laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother.(2024·江苏卷)Thedailynumberofnewlycuredanddischarged(出院)patientsexceededthatofthenewlyconfirmedcases.3.Remembertoinformyourselfofwhatisgoingon.(2024·天津卷)Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch，theywillinformyoubye­mail，soyoucanpickitup.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Anumberofbombshaveexploded，seriouslyinjuring(injure)atleastfivepeople.2．Shereactedbyturningherbackonhim.3．Hesignalledtoustojoin(join)him.4．Ithasbeenconfirmedthatthesingerwillgiveaperformancenextweek.5．Itoccurred(occur)tomethatIcouldbuymymotheranewcoatonherbirthday.6．Mr.Johnsoninsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.7．Wearekeptinformed(inform)ofwhatishappeningintheworldbyreadingnewspapersandwatchingTV.8．Ican'tgooutwithallthesedishestowash(wash).9．ThemomenthereturnedfromEurope，hesetouttowork.10．Tomygreatrelief，theyarrivedhomeontime.Ⅱ.短语填空atlarge；atthesametime；holdonto；incase；safeandsound；aseriesof；occurto；keepone'shead；toone'sgreatrelief；rmedof1．Tomygreatrelief，Ipassedthefinalexam.2．Pleasekeepmeinformedofanydevelopments.3．Trytokeepyourheadandjusttellmewhathappened.4．Atlastheacceptedtheopinionofthepublicatlarge．5．Happily，allhavereturnedsafeandsound．6．Itoldhimhowwehadfoughttoholdontothecompany.7．It'simpossibletogeteverybodytogetheratthesametime．8．Incaseyoushouldneedanyhelp，here'smynumber.9．Inaflash，itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthisumbrellainthemeetingroom.10．RecentlyTomha