版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
DigitalHealth
Radar2024
Summary
1.DigitalHealth
Radar
OpeningInsights
StartupLonglist
2.Insights
OurShortlist
MarketInsights
AViewtotheFuture
3
5
6
7
11
3.SelectCase
Studies
CharcoNeurotech
Avegen
TaraCares
4.Appendix
Methodology
Glossaryand
References
12
13
14
15
16
DigitalHealthRadar
DigitalHealthRadar2024
OpeningInsights
SinceCOVID,weandourclientshave
observedadiscerniblechangeinhow
healthcareisdeliveredtopatientsglobally.Digitalhealthisseenasatransformational
partofthischangeinhealthcareprovision.Thisisevidencedbyrenewedimpetusinthestartupspacewithinvestmentreaching$3billionin2021.Ourfirstinterviewee,LucyJung,founderandCEOofCharcoNeurotech,notedthistrend,highlightingtheriseinhealthcare-
focusedproductdevelopmentandtechnology.
However,thesituationisnotentirelypositive.In2023investmentdeclinedto$1.1billion,
indicatingthatothereconomicand
geopoliticaldevelopmentsmaybeleading
tovolatility.Factorssuchastheemergenceofopen-accessGenAI,thewarinUkraine,thePalestine-Israelconflict,issuesintheGulfofAden,risinggasprices,andgeneralinflationmayallplayapart.
Pharma’sresponsetodigitalhealthhasbeenmixed.WhilstBiogencloseditsdigitalarm,EliLillyandCompanyreleaseditsowndigital
healthsolution:LillyDirectTMandAstraZenecahastakentheplungetospinoutitsdigital
healthdevelopmentarmintoEvinova,
leadingtomixedsignalsacrosstheboard.UtilisingstartupstosuperchargeinnovationcouldbeawaytobridgethegapforthosecautionaryPharmacompanieswishingtoexpand.
“Whenwestartedin2019,thereweren’tmanypeopleintheproductdevelopmentandtechareathatwerelookingintohealthcare.Therewaslotsofresearch
conceptsbutnotmanycompaniesorsupportinthisspace.I’mexcitedtoseetheimportanceofthisrisingovertheyears.”
LucyJungCo-founder&CEO,CharcoNeurotech
3
DigitalHealthRadar
“Thegeneraltrendistowardspartnership,towardspartneringwithstartups
likeourselvesbecausewecanprovidethedevelopmentcapability,wecanprovidetheplatform.Theydon'tneedtodoallthat.Theydon'tneedtohiresoftwareengineers.TheyneedprojectmanagersorprojectownerswhichisaneasierroletofillinPharma.”
JamieCampbellAssociateDirectorofCommercialPartnerships,Avegen
Inour2023WhitePaper
‘Competingthrough
CustomerValue
’wediscussedhow
partneringbetweenstartupsandpharmacanallowcompaniestogeneratevalueforpatientsandcustomersataquickerpace.ThisviewissomethingJamieCampbell,
AssociateDirectoratAvegen,pointsout,
describingtheefficienciesthatcancomewithemployingexternalexpertise.Digital
healthsolutionscanalsohelptoremove
someofthecostfromproviders,freeingupinvestmenttootherpartsofthehealthcaresystemandenhancingvalueforcustomers.Lookingtothestartupscenemaythereforehelptodiscernthefutureofthisdynamic
space.
Whilstthedigitalhealthstartupmarket
withintheUSiswelldeveloped,withseveralexamplesofunicorns(suchas23andMeasof2015orTempusasof2018),themarket
withinEuropehasnotbeenasfruitful.Thereareseveralpotentialreasonsforstagnation.Theseincludetheuniversalhealthcare
modelscommonlyutilisedinEurope,whichcanmakeprofitabilitymorechallengingandconsequentlylessappealingtoinvestors.
Additionally,Europe'sfragmentednature
resultsinnumeroussmallermarkets,
collectivelytotaling500millionpotential
users,asopposedtoasinglemarketof350millionpotentialusersintheUS.
TherearesomeverygoodexampleswithinEuropeofcompaniesdevelopingbeyondasinglemarket,companies,suchasOwlstoneMedical,havebecomeprofitableand
successfulacrossmultiplemarkets,bridgingthegaptotheUSandglobally.Consideringthesegreenshoots,wehaveanalysedthe
Europeanstartupmarketandhighlightedthekeydevelopments,trendsandexamplesofcompaniesthatweareeagertowatchthathaveinnovativesolutionsorthataremakingwavesinthemarket.Youcanfindoutmore
aboutourmethodology
here
.
4
DigitalHealthRadar
TheDigitalHealthRadar
StartupLonglist2024
Ourlonglistillustratesourinterpretationofthe
dimensionsofthedigitalhealthstartupspace.Displayedaretheuniqueandinnovativeofferingsthathavethe
potentialtotransformpatientcare.
Animportantpointtonoteisthat
telemedicineandmHealthpropositionsareconspicuousbytheirexclusionfromthe
Radar.Thenumberofthesehave
skyrocketedfollowingCOVIDandcontinuestogrow;in2020,250newdigitalhealthappswereaddedtotheappstoreperday1.Duetothescaleofthissector,wehavetherefore
limitedtheirappearanceinourRadartoa
fewspecial-caseexampleswebelievetobetrulyinnovative.ThisincludesMika,anAI-
poweredcompanionforcancerpatientsandcaregivers,BeneTalk,ahabitbuildingapp
forstammeringthatanalysesspeechandprovidesrealtimefeedback.
w5
Insights
OurShortlist
Ourshortlistdepictswhatwebelievetobethepotentialfutureleadersindigitalhealthinnovations.
Ourinterpretationofmarketinsights
Overall,weseefourkeytrendsacrossthestartupmarket:
1.Providinginformationtopatientsandinvestorsfuelssuccess
2.Gatheringinformationandpatientinsightsimproveprospects
3.Companiesaddressingmultipletouchpointsacrossthepatientjourneyshowgreatpotential
4.Thereisagrowingrequirementforevidence-ledDTxandhealthcaresolutions
6
Insights
MarketInsights
1.Providinginformationtopatientsandinvestorsfuelssuccess
Onecriticalobservationwe
gainedfromcyclingthrough574companies,wasthat
thismarketisvast.Tofloatto
thetop,startupsarebenefitingfromusingvalidatedresearchto
differentiatethemselvesand
increasecredibility.There
arenumerousexamplesofthisthroughoutourlonglist.One-waystartupsaredoingthisisbyfocusingon
informationprovisionto
drivepatienteducation,
adherenceanddrivevalueandsuccess.Whathas
becomeofincreasing
importancetopatient
providersandusersisthattheinformationprovidedisaccurateandever
increasinglyactionable.
Acrosstheboard,theresultsareconsistent-evidence-
basedapproachesarekeyforpatientengagement.Thisincludespatientstudies
acrossconditionsand
therapyareas,including
asthma,diabetes3and
hypertension4.Likewise,
studiessuchasTinschertetal.2019showtheimportanceofevidence-based
informationingaining
patienttrustinAIchatbots.
Whilstyoumaybeabletoprovideinformationto
patients,whatcanyoudowiththatinformation?
Wesawasaturationof
digitalappsthatfocusedonbringingpatientstodoctors;however,reducingthe
impactonhealthcare
systemsbypreventative
measuresisincredibly
important,especiallyifwewishtoachievesustainablehealthcaresystems.
Itisthereforeessentialwe
looktoeducation,basedonpeerreviewedinformation,tosupportpatientsin
everythingfromtreatmentchoicetobehavioural
support.Thisisagapseen
by
TaraCares
whoturned
individualizedresearchintomeaningfulinsightsto
informhormonehealthy
ageingforsubscribersofitsMIMOSAplatform.FounderandCEOJyotiSharmaspoketousabouttheimportanceofcenteringscienceintheconversationaroundage-
relatedhealth
Thecompanylooksto
enableitsuserstogaina
bettercontroloftheirbodiesholistically,whichbrings
agencyandinevitablycanreduceimpactonthe
individual,employers,andhealthcaresystems.Healthy
ageingandbetter
understandingofourbodiesandthechangesthattheygothroughasweprogressthroughlifeisofincreasingimportancetopatients(andconsumers).
However,withgreater
evidenceoftencomes
greaterregulatoryoversight.Tocombatsomecompaniesarebeginningtheir
propositionsby
recommendinginformation,slowlybuildingthegreaterscrutinyneededforbuildingamedicaldeviceordigitaltherapeutic.Thismethod
hastheaddedbenefitof
enablingtrustbuildingandcredibilityinthespace.
“Wearelevellingupthescienceforhealthyageing.BypersonalizingsciencebasedonindividualdifferencesforhormonalshiftsandtransitionincludingMenopauseweareshapingthefutureoffemaleworkforgenerationsto
comeanddeliveringahealth-orientedemployee-employercaremodel
JyotiSharmaFounderandCEO,TaraCares
w7
Insights
8
2.Gatheringinformationandpatientinsights
improvesprospects
Ofcourse,thereisadualitytothisinformation.Asmorepatientsbegintousedigitalhealthsolutions,more
informationbasedon
consumptionbecomes
availabletothecompaniesthemselves.LucyJungof
CharcoNeurotech
spoketousaboutsomeofthe
benefitsshefoundfrom
leaningintothisopenand
curiousapproachtopatientstoprovidepivotalinsightsforitsCUE1wearable.Lucy
reflectedonaconversationshe’dhadwithacommitteememberandfriendwhowaslivingwithParkinson’s.He
pointedouttoherthe
difficultiesinconveyingthecompleteanddiverse
strugglesofthediseaseby
lookingpurelyatclinical
data.Oneday,hehad
visitedLondonforadoctor’sappointment.Whilstseatedherealisedhehadbecomeunabletogetup,leftgoingincirclesonthetubeand
unabletomove.He’daskedher:“ifIwasn’tabletomakeonestepthatday,howcanyoumeasurethat?”Those
wordsstuckwithLucyandhaveshapedCharco
Neurotech’sapproachtoitspatients;utiliseclinicaltrialswhilststayingcloseand
curiouswiththepeopletheyaretryingtohelp.
Onahumanlevelthese
insightsareessentialto
rememberthepurposeandimpactofthesedigital
healthsolutionsandprovide
directionforopportunitiesfordevelopment,potentialrisksorareasfordiversification.
Likewise,addingmeaningtoyourdatacancreatebuyinforinvestorsandconsumersalike.
“We'renotlookingtooneanswer.We're
lookingforlotsof
answers…It’snotjustclinicalmeasures
thatareimportant–remembertothink
aboutthepeople”
LucyJungCo-founder&CEO,CharcoNeurotech
Insights
9
3.Companiesaddressingmultipletouchpoints
acrossthepatientjourneyshowgreatpotential
Wheninvestigatingtheperformanceofourlonglistwebegantoseeatrendwithnumerousofferings
reachingfunding,developmentorclinical
milestoneswhenaddressingmultipletouchpointsacrossthepatientjourney.Forexample,wehave
seencompaniessuchasIkerian,withitsRetinAI
platform,supportingclinicalresearchflowsaswellasAIenabledeyediagnosticsanddecisionsupportreachingfundingandpartnershipmilestones.
Wevalueconnectionwith
peopleusingorwaitingtouse
thedevice.Oncetheloopisbroken,innovationsuffers.”
LucyJungCo-founder&CEO,CharcoNeurotech
4.Thereisagrowingrequirementforevidence-ledDTxandhealthcaresolutions
NeedforValidation
TheEuropeanmedicalspaceisarguablyoneofthemostevidence-ledindustriesinthe
world,highlyvettedandhighlyregulated.Itappearsthedigitalhealthspaceiscatchinguptotheestablishedstandardsofthis
industryanditspharmacompanieswhich
holdthewealthandinfluencetosupportnewstartupsuccess.ProducingourRadar,the
shifttowardsinvestmentintechnologies
evidencingtheirclinicalvaluewasapparent;perhapshelpingtheseofferingstostandout
againsttheplethoraofunvalidated
telehealthsolutionsthathavefloodedthemarketinrecentyears.
WhereHCPsandpayersarethecustomer,
clinicalevidenceorpublicationprovides
validationinamarketthatvaluesrobust
scientificapproach.
Avegen
Associate
DirectorofCommercialPartnerships,JamieCampbell,detailedtheneedforevidencetosupportitscloud-hosted,DigitalClinical
Workflows.ThecompanyrecentlyreceivedthegoldawardfromHSJforclinical
partnershipsasitsKlickofferingreducedwaitingtimesfrom6to3monthsand
decreasingmissedappointmentsby41%.6
CurrentChallenges
However,whilstthedemandforevidence
backedhealthcaresolutionsprevails,the
levelofevidencerequiredfordigitalhealthtechnologieswithineachofthesesegments
variesgreatly.Ambiguitywithinthe
requirementsdefinedbyregulatorybodiesremainsachallengeandorganizationsarestartingtopre-emptmorerobustregulatorypositionsinthisarea,leadingtoanincreaseinclinicalvalidationfordigitalhealth
technologies.Eventhosedigitalhealth
technologiesthatarenotregulatedas
medicaldevicesarestartingtocollectdatatoevidenceeffectivenessandbackup
claims.TherecentAIactfromtheEUfurtherimpactshere,theadditionofdataprivacyandusageregulationsforAImakeitmorecomplextogetthedataandinsightneededtoprovidemaximumvaluefornewsolutionsandenablevalidation.
Finally,tothepointaroundregulation,
ensuringcybersecurityhasbeenthoroughlybakedintoanydigitalsolutionthatcontainsdataremainsparamountforfutureor
ongoingsuccess.Anexampleofthisis
RetinAI,anAI-poweredeyediagnosticdatamanagementplatformusedtosupport
clinicalresearchworkflows.Nowboasting20processedclinicalstudies,over40peer
reviewedpublicationstodateanda2023CEMarkingCertificateforDiscoveryasaclassIIadevice.7
Insights
FindingtheSolution
However,whilstourRadarexemplifiesthestandoutsinthemarketcapitalizingon
evidence-ledsolutions,itappearsmanyhavefallenbehind.A2022studyestimatesonly20%ofhealthtechcompanieshavegoodclinicalevidenceandregulatory
filings.8
Ironically,theanswertomanyofthese
hurdlesmightlieinsomehealthtech
companiesfeaturedonourlist.Forexample,TrialBeeisacomprehensiverecruitment,
pre-screeningandconsentsolution
designedtodrivetrialefficienciesthroughscalable,real-worlddataandreal-timeanalytics.9
AnothergreatexampleisuMotif,apatient
engagementplatformforclinicalandpost-marketresearch.Itscasestudieshave
shownbothanincreaseincomplianceandareductionofstudytimelinesby30%,
demonstratingtheexpertiseandfinancial
benefitsofitsservices.10SanoGeneticsalso
offerpatientsearch,screeningand
engagementservicesinwhattheycall‘a
completecircle’platformthatutilisesDNAanalysistosuggestclinicaltrialstoviablecandidates.11Theseofferingsmaythereforehelptogeneraterobustevidencewith
greatereaseandspeed
“Oneplacemanydigitalhealthcompaniesfalldownisthattheydon’tcollectanyclinicalevidence.Webelieveit’sreallyimportanttobackupourclaimswithevidenceandoutcomes.”
JamieCampbellAssociateDirectorofCommercialPartnerships,Avegen
10
Insights
AViewtotheFuture
Regulatorsmustalsocatchuptothese
changes.AsLucyJungstates,regulators
must,andareadaptingtotheevolveddigitalcarepathway.Anexampleofthiscanbe
seeninGermanywiththeintroductionof
DiGAin2019.ThisinitiativeincludesaFast
Trackprocessforstreamliningformal
approvalsandlistingsofdigitalhealthcareapplications,enablingfastermarketentry.
DiGAissymptomaticofthedemandand
competitionfacedinthisspacewithstartupsneedingtoofferinnovativeandeffective
solutionstomeettheDiGAdirectory
criteria.12
ChangescanbeseenintherestofEuropetoo,withtheEuropeanHealthDataSpace(EHDS)proposingnewregulationsthat
mandatedatasharinginthehealthcarespace,implyinggreateraccesstohealthdata.
Alongsidethesenewtechnologiescomesaneedforcompaniestoadapttheirinternalgovernance,ensuringcompliancewithnewdirectivessuchastheAILiabilityDirective
(AILD)andthepreviouslymentionedAIAct.
Startupsandpharmaalikemustprepareforthechallengesofassessingandelevatingriskmanagement,traceabilityand
cybersecutiry.13
“Technology'sonething,regulations
andtrialsarestilltraditional
pathwaysofpharmacological
process(phase1/2/3)whendigitalcareisaquitedifferentpathway.Ifeelpositivethatregulatorsare
realisingthisandadaptingand
pushingoutregulations.Thisisa
challengingareabutit’samazingtoseepeoplearemoreinterestedandfoundersaregettinginvolved.I’m
hopeful.There’salottodoandwe
needtocollaborateacrossindustries”
LucyJungCo-founder&CEO,CharcoNeurotech
Withdynamismandnewplayersalwayscomingtothe
market,thedigitalhealthstartuplandscapeinEurope
remainsofcriticalinteresttohealthcaresystemsand
pharma.Welookforwardtoseeinghowthestartupmarketadaptsandchangesinthecomingmonthsandyearsandtolearnwhatnewdevelopmentsourshortlistcompanieshaveinstore.
11
CaseStudies
SelectCaseStudies
CharcoNeurotech
Mission
Lucytellsus:mypersonalgoalis"bringingbacksmilestopeoplewithParkinson’s".It'sthedevice,theservice.It'sthetotalthat
makesabigdifference.We'renotadevicecompany,we'reacompanythatcaresforpeople.Wewanttohelpotherpeoplewithmovementdisordersandneurological
conditions.
CEO
LucyJung
Website
HQ
UK
Category
Wearable/DigitalTherapeutic
TherapyArea
Parkinson’swithafocusonstiffness,slownessandgait
Funding
Seedfunded.LastinvestmentNovember16th,2021,of£7.4m
Tech
TheCUE1isanon-invasive,wearable,
medicaldeviceforpeoplewithParkinson’s,toimprovemovementandqualityoflife
Purpose
Theprincipleofferingofthecompanystems
from19thcenturyFrenchneurologist
ProfessorJean-MartinCharcotwhofoundhispatients’symptomsdramaticallyimprovedwhentheytravelledtohimbycarriage.Itwassoonsurmisedthevibrationsofthecarriagerideseemedtooffertherapeuticbenefit.In
modernday,thisideahassincebeen
researchedwithstudiesfindingvibration
stimulationtoresultinimprovementinstiffness,slownessandgaitamongothersymptoms.
Testing
Pilottestshaveseenparticipantswith
Parkinson’simprovetheirMDS-UPDRSscoresbyanaverageof9.3points,3timesthelevelconsideredclinicallysignificant.100%of
participantsreportedthattheywouldwanttousethedeviceagain.Continuingtostudy–3,200peoplecurrentlyusingthedevice
andbeingstudiedforthey’reusingandthesymptomcategory.
w12
CaseStudies
Avegen
CEO
Dr.NayanKalnad
Website
HQ
UK
Category
PatientSupport
TherapyArea
Longtermconditions
Funding
PrivatelyfundedwithintentionforseriesAfunding
Tech
Customizabledigitalhealthplatform
Purpose
ClinicianNayanKalnadandNeerajApte
createdAvegenin2015followinga
successfulandeducationalexperiencein
Pharmaandtechwiththemissionofmakingtheworldahealthierplace.Avegenisdrivenbypatientinsightsandcutting-edge
research
Testing
Avegenhasconductedmultiplestudiesonitsappstoensureitsclaimsarebackedup
withevidence.Thisincludesapublished
studyforHeartHealthfindinga51%reductionin6-monthreadmissionsanda30%increaseinclinicalcapability.ItsrandomisedclinicaltrialforitsTogetherforHerappfounda90%increaseinhealthliteracyanda142%
increaseindietarydiversity.Italsotracked1.9millioninstalls,positioningtheappinIndia’sTop3forparentingatthetimeofthestudy.
w13
CaseStudies
TaraCares
Mission
Levellingupthescienceforhealthyageing
Tech
ResponsibleAI-baseddigitalsupporttoolandeducation
Purpose
Equippingeveryhumantomastertheir
uniquehealthyageingjourneywith
personalisedresearchandhealthinsights
(withmenopausenavigationasaninitialuse
case)bytacklingmisinformation,
misdiagnosis,andmismanagement.
Integratingacademicresearch,clinicalexcellenceandcomputationalscience.
Product
MIMOSA,themodularplatformdevelopedby
TaraCares,isrevolutionizingtheway
corporatesaddressmenopause.Withits
evidence-led,science-backedapproach,MIMOSAofferscontinualaccesstoresearch,andscientificevidencetailoredfortheuser.
Fromtracing29hormonalhealth
determinantstopreparingformedicalappointments,theplatformprovidesa
comprehensivesolutionforwomen
navigatingmenopause.Morethanjustatool,MIMOSArepresentsashiftinmindset.It
encouragesorganizationstomovebeyondsuperficialmenopausepoliciesandinvestinscience-backed,actionablestrategies.Byunderstandingtheirmenopause
demographicandindividualpainpoints,
companiescancreateamoreinclusive,
supportiveworkenvironment.Indoingso,
theynotonlyretainvaluabletalentbutalsofosteracultureofunderstandingand
empathy.MIMOSAlookstoavoidthetrapsofsymptomtrackingandhormonetestingto
provideholisticsupportandinformation.Inarevolutionaryground-breakingmovethe
companyhasreleased,MIMI(MenopauseInformationandManagementInterface)
afterayear-longBetatestingwithcliniciansfromtheUS,UKandIndia.Availablefor
CEO
JyotiSharma
Website
mymimosa.uk
HQ
UK
Category
PatientEmpowerment(B2B
SaaS,HRTechforMenopauseHealthliteracyandintegratedemployeewellbeing)
TherapyArea
Healthyageingandhormonalshifts
Funding
Privatelyfunded
premiumsubscribersofMIMOSAplatform,
MIMIistheworld'sfirstResponsibleAIco-
pilot.Leveragingcutting-edgeresponsibleAIandadeepunderstandingofhumanhealth,MIMIaimstobecomeanindispensabletoolforwomenandfemaleindividualsofallagesseekingtooptimisetheirhormonalwellbeingandhealthspan,frompubertytopost-
menopause.MIMOSAisavailablein20+countriesonAndroidandiOSthroughemployerpaidsubscriptionmodel.
w14
Appendix
Methodology
ThiseditionoftheDigitalHealthRadaris
basedondataobservedoverthepastyear.WeanalysedbothOpen-SourceIntelligence(OSINT)andconductedqualitativeinterviewstoproducethisRadar,incorporatingourownopinionsandsubjectmatterexpertise.
Depictedare84longlistedinnovative,
Europeanstartupswehaveattemptedtosegmentintotheprimaryfunctiontheirsolutionsappeartooffer.
However,weknowtherearemanymoredigitalhealthinnovatorsintheEuropean
ecosystemthatweneedtohearfrom.Ifyouareinterestedinbeinginvolvedinthenextedition,pleasegetintouch[link].
Inoursearchwereviewed33funds,
researched574companies,longlisted88,
shortlisted16andinterviewed3ofthemost
excitingmarketinnovatorsintheEuropeanDigitalHealthspace(inouropinionof
course).Theirofferingsrangedfromdigitaltherapeuticstowearablesandutilised
techniquesrangingfromAR,VRthroughtoAIandbeyond.
OurSelectionCriteria:
•BasedinEuropebutcouldhaveoperationsinotherpartsoftheworld
•Itsbusinessmodelcentersaroundinnovationsinthedigitalhealthspace
•Definedasastartup
w15
Appendix
GlossaryandReferences
Glossary
DiGAreferstoDigitale
GesundheitsanwendungeninGermanor
digitalhealthcareapplications.Theseare
applicationsformallyapprovedandlistedin
theDiGAdirectory,followingtheregulationsoutlinedintheDigitalHealthcareAct
(Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz,DVG).
DigitalTherapeutics(DTx)ultimately
enhancespatientoutcomesthrough
combiningtechnologyandmedical
expertise.Regardingtreatmentplanningandmanagement,DTxisenhancedby
leveragingtechnologyforpersonalised
suggestionsandrecommendations,goingbeyondprocessessuchasautomationorsymptomtracking.ItincludesHCP
interactions,recommendations,
interpretationofresultsandtargeted
interventionsthatutilizeexpertise.Withmonitoring,thisisautomated,involvingpatientinteractionsandtargetingand
communicatingdirectlyorindirectlywiththeHCP,forexampleviareports.
mHealthreferstomobilehealth,ageneraltermfortheuseofmobilephonesandotherwirelesstechnologyinmedicalcare.
mHealthhasanarrayofusesincludingeducationofpreventativehealthcare
services,diseasesurveillance,treatmentsupport,epidemic
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024年度奢侈品买卖与代理合同
- 2024中国石化金陵石化分公司毕业生招聘40人易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 2024中国电力建设集团河北工程限公司招聘70人易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 2024中国电信江西公司校园招聘易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 2024中国海油春季校园招聘笔试易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 2024年度船舶制造起重机安装调试合同
- 2024中国出口信用保险公司宁波分公司劳务派遣员工招聘易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 2024年度橱柜企业与物流公司仓储运输合同
- 2024下半年江苏淮安市淮阴区招聘编外用工人员和部分国企人员16人易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 2024上汽乘用车福建分公司校园招聘50人易考易错模拟试题(共500题)试卷后附参考答案
- 延长石油招聘笔试题库
- 2023-2024学年山东省潍坊市青州市、临朐县、昌邑县、诸城市、昌乐县、寿光市八年级(上)期中英语试卷
- 幼儿园课件:古诗《绝句》
- 【新教材】人教版(2024)七年级上册英语Unit 2 Were Family!教案
- 【我国绿色债券市场发展现状及问题探究9100字(论文)】
- 小学教育集团三年发展规划(2024年-2027年)
- (高清版)TDT 1015.1-2024 地籍数据库 第1部分:不动产
- JT-T-1214-2018港口高杆灯技术要求
- JT-T-1168-2017公路桥梁用氟碳面漆
- 人教版七年级数学上册专题01绝对值化简的四种考法(原卷版+解析)
- T-CNFPIA 1003-2022 采暖用人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量
评论
0/150
提交评论