四川省成都市成华区成都列五中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题

高三英语第I卷（共80分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Thestars.B．Arainbow.C．Thefireworks.2．Whatdoyouknowaboutthewoman?A．Shedoesn’tlikeherownclothes.B．Shewantstobeadressdesigner.C．Sheisafamousdressdesigner.3．Whatdoesthemanliketoplaynow?A．Tennis.B．Baseball.C．Basketball.4．Howdidthemanfeelaboutthelecture?A．Boring.B．Excellent.C．Toolong.5．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Thelady’sroomisalongwayfromhere.B．Thewomanhastosignupforusingthelady’sroom.C．Thewomanisnotabletousethelady’sroomrightnow.第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6．Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantostudy?A．French.B．Russian.C．German.7．Forwhatreasondoesthemanremendthesubject?A．Popularity.B．Goodjobopportunities.C．Chancesofgoingabroad.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．WhatisonereasonforLindseytogetanewjob?A．Topayforatripthissummer.B．Topayforcarrepairs.C．Topayforherhousing.9．WheredidLindseyprobablyworkbefore?A．Atarepairpany.B．Atacarshop.C．Atanaccountingfirm.10．WhatdoesTomsuggestLindseydo?A．Learntobeanaccountant.B．Contacthisdad.C．Leaveherpresentjob.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthemanwaitingfor?A．Theresultofhispromotion.B．Theinformationofhisnewoffice.C．Theraiseofhissalaryforhiscontribution.12．Howwillthemanhearaboutthenews?A．Fromaboardingmeeting.B．Fromanoticeboard.C．Fromhismanager’soffice.13．Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A．Hegetsonwellwithhisboss.B．Heshouldworkharder.C．Heisgoodathiswork.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whichartfestivalwasthebiggestaccordingtothewoman?A．TheoneinNewYork.B．TheoneinLosAngeles.C．TheoneinChicago.15．Whatdidthespeakersmissfromtheartexhibition?A．Oilpaintings.B．Watercolorpaintings.C．Sculptures.16．Whoenjoysmakingchalkart?A．Thewoman’suncle.B．Theman’sniece.C．Theman’sfriend.17．Whyisthewomangoingtopayforthetaxi?A．Shehasextramoneythismonth.B．Themanwillpayforthenextone.C．Itisherturntopay.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whereisthespeakermostprobably?A．Inanoffice.B．Inaclassroom.C．Inalab.19．Whenisthecoursescheduledduringthefirstpart?A．OnTuesdaysandThursdays.B．OnTuesdaysandFridays.C．OnThursdaysandFridays.20．Whatmayaffectthestudents’finalgrades?A．Theirresearchwork.B．Theirstudyattitude.C．Theirperformanceinclass.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，共37.5分）AWanttoknowalltheinsandoutsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’veetotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.OlympicskateboardingWhowillfollowinthefootstepsofMomijiNishiya,thefirstOlympicskateboardingchampion,whowascrownedatthelastGamesattheageof13?TheanswerwillberevealedinParisthissummer.Speed,technique,masteryoftheboardwillberequiredtosuccessfullyperformthemostbeautifultricks.OlympicsportsclimbingWithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀岩)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.OlympicsurfingTheOlympicswillbeheldinParis,butwhataboutOlympicsurfing?Thereisonevenue(场地)thatisliterallyontheothersideoftheworld.ThelocationTeahupoo,ontheislandofTahiti,iswhereOlympicsurfingwilltakeplace.ThisislandispartofFrenchPolynesia,betweenAustraliaandSouthAmerica.OlympicbreakdancingBreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024.Howtoestablishagradingsystemwithouttakingawaytheartisticfreedomatthesametime?Thepointsshouldbebasedoncreativityandmusicality,agrayareathatdependsalotonfeelingandthushasalotofsubjectivitytoit.Lookingforahandylistofallsports?Clickhere!ThroughoutParisthereareallkindsofstadiumsandarenas(竞技场)wheresportingeventsareheld.NotonlyParisitself,butalsothesurroundingsuburbsofthecapitalofFrancesetthestagefortheOlympicGames!1.WhichsportisenteringtheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParis2024?A.Olympicskateboarding. B.Olympicsportsclimbing.C.Olympicsurfing. D.Olympicbreakdancing.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Olympicskateboardingrequiresahighlevelofphysicalstrength.B.ThreebranchesofOlympicsportsclimbingevaluatevarioussidesofskills.C.AlltheabovefourOlympiceventswillbeheldinParis.D.ThescoringofOlympicbreakdancingishighlyobjective.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Asportswebsite. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure. D.AnOlympicnewsreport.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文体裁为应用文。文章结构清晰地介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会中新增的几个体育项目，包括奥运滑板、攀岩、冲浪和霹雳舞，提供了每个项目的基本规则、特点及注意事项等信息，旨在为读者提供关于巴黎奥运会的新项目概况。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章Olympicbreakdancing部分中“BreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024(霹雳舞是新的奥运项目，将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。)”可知，奥运霹雳舞将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章Olympicsportsclimbing部分“WithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀岩)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.(第二次进入奥运会的运动攀岩有三个分支：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩。速度与攀岩的速度有关。抱石就是在墙上爬一块巨石，而难度攀岩则要求运动员爬一条20米高的高难度路线。)”可知，攀岩运动有三个项目：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩，分别评估了攀岩速度、技巧和难度等多方面的技能。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“WanttoknowalltheinsandoutsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’veetotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.(想知道关于2024年巴黎奥运会的所有细节吗？那你来对地方了！下面你会发现所有关于新奥运项目的信息。)”可知，该文主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会中的新项目，包括滑板、攀岩、冲浪和霹雳舞等，提供了这些项目的具体信息。这显然是与体育赛事相关的介绍，因此最有可能来源于一个体育网站。故选A。BResearchersatMITcreatedahightechpillthatstartstovibrate(震动)onceitmakescontactwithliquidintheuser’sstomachandmakehimorherfeelfull.ThepillwasreportedlythoughtupbyShriyaSrinivasan,currentlyanassistantprofessorofbioengineeringatHarvardUniversity.VIBES,shortforVibratingIngestibleBioEleotronicStimulator,wasonlyrecentlymadepublicinastudypublishedintheScienceJournal,butitisalreadybeingannouncedbythemediaasthefutureofweightloss.Althoughithasyettobetestedonhumans,trialsonpigshaveachievedveryhopefulresults.Afterabout30minutesofVIBESactivity,pigsconsumedonaveragealmost40percentlessfoodinthenexthalfhourthantheydidwithoutthesmartpill.Apparently,therevolutionarydeviceworksbyactivatingstretchreceptorsinthestomach,modelingthepresenceoffood.Thisinturnsignalsthehypothalamus(下丘脑)toincreasethelevelsofhormonesthatmakeusfeelfull.Thevibratingstimulator,whichisaboutthesizeofavitaminpill,ispoweredbyanencasedbatteryandactivatedeitherbythegastricfluid(胃液)breakingdownacoataroundthepill,orbyanincorporatedtimer.Afterproducingthedesiredeffect,thepillexitsthebodywithothersolidwaste:Thegoodnewsisthatitisexpectedtohaveacostinthecentstoonedollarrange,andresearcherssaythatitmayeventuallybepossibletoimplantthestimulatorandthusremovetheneedforpeopletoconstantlyswallowit.“Ourstudydemonstratestheeffectivenessofalowcost,nonoperativeinterventiontoreducefoodintakeandcalorieconsumption.Thedevicefunctionseffectivelyinthestomachandleadingtofullness,”saidGiovanniTraverso,coauthorofthestudy.“Thedevicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizeoptionsforweightlosstreatment.However,futurestudieswillneedtoexplorethephysiologicaleffectsofthedevicebeforeit’savailableforpatients.”ResearchersarenowexploringwaystoscaleuptheproducingofVIBEScapsuleswhichcouldenableclinicaltrialsinhumans.4.Whatistheouteoftakingthepill?A.Liquidproduction. B.Foodstorage.C.Sensationoffullness. D.Recoveryofusers.5.Whichaspectofthedeviceismentionedinparagraph2?A.Itsworkingprinciple. B.Itsintelligence.C.Itstestinghistory. D.Itssideeffect.6.Whatistheresearchers’ultimategoalofthedevice?A.Toproducegastricfluidwithit. B.Todestroythecoataroundit.C.Tofixitinhumanbody. D.Toremovesolidwastefromit.7.WhatisGiovanniTraverso’sattitudetowardsthefutureofthedevice?A.Worried. B.Cautious. C.Doubtful. D.Confused.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种高科技药丸，一旦它与使用者胃里的液体接触，就会开始振动，让他或她有饱腹感。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ResearchersatMITcreatedahightechpillthatstartstovibrate(震动)onceitmakescontactwithliquidintheuser’sstomachandmakehimorherfeelfull.(麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种高科技药丸，一旦它与使用者胃里的液体接触，就会开始振动，让他或她有饱腹感)”可知，吃下药丸会有饱腹感。故选C项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Apparently,therevolutionarydeviceworksbyactivatingstretchreceptorsinthestomach,modelingthepresenceoffood.Thisinturnsignalsthehypothalamus(下丘脑)toincreasethelevelsofhormonesthatmakeusfeelfull.Thevibratingstimulator,whichisaboutthesizeofavitaminpill,ispoweredbyanencasedbatteryandactivatedeitherbythegastricfluid(胃液)breakingdownacoataroundthepill,orbyanincorporatedtimer.(显然，这种革命性的装置通过激活胃中的拉伸受体来模拟食物的存在。这反过来又向下丘脑发出信号，使我们感到饱腹的激素水平升高。振动刺激器大约有维生素药丸大小，由封装的电池供电，通过胃液分解药丸周围的涂层或通过内置的计时器激活)”可知，第二段在说设备的工作原理。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ResearchersarenowexploringwaystoscaleuptheproducingofVIBEScapsuleswhichcouldenableclinicaltrialsinhumans.(研究人员目前正在探索扩大VIBES胶囊生产规模的方法，这可能使其能够在人体内进行临床试验)”可知，设备的最终目标是植入人体内。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thedevicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizeoptionsforweightlosstreatment.However,futurestudieswillneedtoexplorethephysiologicaleffectsofthedevicebeforeit’savailableforpatients.(该设备有可能彻底改变减肥治疗的选择。然而，未来的研究需要在患者使用该设备之前探索其生理效果)”可推知，GiovanniTraverso对设备的将来持谨慎的态度。故选B项。CAuthoritieshavemovedtotightenoversightoftherapidlyexpandingsemipreparedfoodindustry,ironingoutdefinitionsofprecookeddishesandrollingoutrulesontheuseofadditivesinthesectortoensurefoodsafety.Restaurantsarealsobeingencouragedtoidentifydishesontheirmenusthatincludesemipreparedingredients,amovethatexpertssaywillhelpcustomersmakeinformeddecisions.Thereforms,ledbytheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichoverseesproductqualityandconsumerrights,wereoutlinedinacircularissuedonThursdaybysixgovernmentagencies.Share(股票)pricesofpaniesinvolvedinthesemipreparedfoodsectorfellbyanaverageof2percentontheAsharemarketonMondaybecauseofthestrengthenedoversightIndustryinsiderssaidtheruleswerethefirsttoclarifythedefinitionofsemipreparedfoodandsetoutsafetyandqualitystandardsforthemultibillionyuanindustry.Chinahasmorethan70,000paniesmakingfooditemsthathaveundergonesomepreparationbutarenotfullycookedorreadytoeat,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.Theiroutputvaluetopped500billionyuan($69.4million)lastyearandisontracktosurpass1trillionyuaninafewyears,itsaid.Thenewrulesdifferentiatebetweensemipreparedfoodalsoknownasprepackagedmeals—andotherfooditems,suchasinstantnoodles,frozendumplingsandsalads.Theysaysemipreparedfoodmustbeadishthatcanbeconsumedaftersimplepreparationssuchasheatingorboiling.Expertssaidmakersoffrozenfoodssuchasdumplingsandhamburgerswillnolongerberegardedasbeingsemipreparedfoodbusinesses,andwillbeunabletoignoreregulationsintheirownsectororenjoypreferentialpoliciestailormadeforsemipreparedfoodmakers.Theysaidthegeneralizationoftheconceptofsemipreparedfoodhadpreviouslycreatedregulatorydifficulties.8.Whyisitnecessarytooverseethesemipreparedfoodindustry?AToraisepeople’sawarenessoffoodsafetyconcerns.B.Tobantheuseofsemipreparedpreparedingredients.C.Toguaranteefoodsafetythroughstrengthenedregulations.D.Toencouragerestaurantstoidentifydishesontheirmenus.9.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Rulesaimingtodefinesemipreparedfood.B.Greatlosssufferedbysemipreparedfoodsecton.C.Safetyandqualitystandardsimposedonfoodindustry.D.Effectsonsemipreparedfoodindustrymadebythenewrules.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.Semipreparedfoodcanbedirectlyconsumed.B.Instantnoodlesareconsideredassemipreparedfood.C.Semipreparedfoodmakersenjoypreferentialtreatment.D.OutputvalueofsemipreparedfoodisdecreasinginChina.11.Whatistheexpert’sattitudetowardstheregulatoryreforms?A.Ambiguous. B.Positive. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国政府加大了对迅速扩张的半成品食品行业的监管力度，明确了预烹饪菜品的定义，并出台了关于该行业中添加剂使用的规定，以确保食品安全。文章还介绍了这些规定对行业的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Authoritieshavemovedtotightenoversightoftherapidlyexpandingsemipreparedfoodindustry,ironingoutdefinitionsofprecookeddishesandrollingoutrulesontheuseofadditivesinthesectortoensurefoodsafety.

”（有关部门已采取行动，加强对迅速扩张的半成品食品行业的监管，明确了半成品食品的定义，并出台了在该行业使用添加剂的规定，以确保食品安全。）可知，有必要监管半成品食品行业是为了通过加强监管来保障食品安全。故选C项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。第三段“Sharepricesofpaniesinvolvedinthesemipreparedfoodsectorfellbyanaverageof2percentontheAsharemarketonMondaybecauseofthestrengthenedoversightIndustryinsiderssaidtheruleswerethefirsttoclarifythedefinitionofsemipreparedfoodandsetoutsafetyandqualitystandardsforthemultibillionyuanindustry.”（周一，由于监管的加强，A股市场上半成品食品行业公司的股价平均下跌了2%。业内人士表示，这些规定首次明确了半成品食品的定义，并为这个价值数十亿元的行业制定了安全和质量标准。）指出，由于监管的加强，A股市场上半成品食品行业公司的股价平均下跌了2%，并且这些规定为行业制定了安全和质量标准；由此可知，第三段主要介绍了新的规定对半成品食品行业的影响。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Expertssaidmakersoffrozenfoodssuchasdumplingsandhamburgerswillnolongerberegardedasbeingsemipreparedfoodbusinesses,andwillbeunabletoignoreregulationsintheirownsectororenjoypreferentialpoliciestailormadeforsemipreparedfoodmakers.

”（专家表示，饺子和汉堡等冷冻食品的制造商将不再被视为半成品食品企业，也不能无视自己行业的规定，也不能享受为半成品制造商量身定制的优惠政策。）可知，饺子和汉堡等冷冻食品的制造商不能享受为半成品制造商量身定制的优惠政策；由此可以推断半成品食品制造商享受优惠待遇。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Restaurantsarealsobeingencouragedtoidentifydishesontheirmenusthatincludesemipreparedingredients,amovethatexpertssaywillhelpcustomersmakeinformeddecisions.”（同时，鼓励餐厅在其菜单上标识包含半成品食材的菜品，专家认为此举将有助于顾客做出知情选择。）及最后一段最后一句“Theysaidthegeneralizationoftheconceptofsemipreparedfoodhadpreviouslycreatedregulatorydifficulties.”（他们提到，过去对半成品食品概念的泛化造成了监管上的困难。）可知，专家认为改革将有助于顾客做出知情选择，并且过去对半成品食品概念的泛化造成了监管上的困难，由此可知，专家对监管改革持支持态度。故选B项。DElephantsarethelargestlandmammalsonEarth,andunderstandingthembettercouldleadtobigscientificbreakthroughsinscience.Bothdelicateandstudy,elephanttrunks(象鼻)cangraspasingleleafbutcanalsocarrynearly600pounds.Scientiststhinkthattheyareanincredibleinspirationforthenextgenerationofbioinspired(仿生)robots.Byconductingahighresolutionmotioncaptureanalysisofelephants’trunks,researchersfoundelephantshaveasetofsimplemovementsthattheycanintegratefreelytohandleobjectsofvariousshapesandsizes.Forexample,elephantsusesuction(吸力)topickuplightweightobjects.However,topickupheavierthings,theyusesuctiontosecurethepositionoftheobjectsandtrunkwrappingtoholdandliftthings.“It’snotthewholetrunkthatislengtheningorshortening—it’sdifferentparts,relyingonwhattheelephantisdoing,”saidMilinkovitch,professorofthephysicsofbiologyattheUniversityofGeneva,Switzerland.ResearchersalsoperformedCTscansandMRIsonthetrunkofadeadelephant.Theyusedhighresolutioncamerastocreatea3Dmodelofatrunk,allowingthemtobetterunderstandthestructureofanelephant’smusclegroups,skinandconnectivetissues.Thestudydatawillbeusedtohelpdesignaninnovative“soft”roboticarm.“Thedataisexceptional,butnowtheeffortistotranslatethisbiologicaldataintosomeengineeringspecifications,”Milinkovitchsaid.“Weneedtoextractsomesimplifyingprinciplesthatcanmaketherobot’sbehaviorsimpleenoughtobeeffectiveandadaptabletochanges.”Theprojectisalsofuelingadvancementsinmaterialscience,asresearchershavedevelopedanewmaterialsimilartotheusefulpropertiesofelephantskinandcanbe3Dprintedforroboticprototypes(原型).Thenewmaterialsmaybemercializedforawiderangeofuses.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“study”inparagraphlprobablymean?A.Strong. B.Broad. C.Sensitive. D.Rough13.Howdoesanelephanthandledifferentobjects?A.Bysecuringthepositionoftheseobjectsatfirst.B.Bybiningsuctionwithtrunkmovementsflexibly.C.Bysuckingthemwithallthestrength.D.Bystretchingitstrunkbasedonthings’sizes.14.Whydoresearcherstranslatethebiologicaldata?A.Totestthesafetyoftheroboticarm. B.Toupgradetheappearanceoftherobot.C.Toimprovethebehavioroftherobot. D.Tostudythestructureofmuscletissues.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ElephantTrunks:TheTheoryofMovementinRoboticsB.ElephantTrunks:TheInspirationforSoftRoboticsC.“Soft”RoboticArms:AnInnovationin3DprintedRobotsD.“Soft”RoboticArms:AMajorBreakthroughinMaterialScience【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了象鼻的功能及其对软体机器人设计的启发。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“elephanttrunks(象鼻)cangraspasingleleafbutcanalsocarrynearly600pounds(象鼻既能抓住一片叶子，也能搬运近600磅的重物)”可知，象鼻既敏锐又强壮，是强壮的。因此“sturdy”在此处应理解为“强壮的”。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Forexample,elephantsusesuction(吸力)topickuplightweightobjects.However,topickupheavierthings,theyusesuctiontosecurethepositionoftheobjectsandtrunkwrappingtoholdandliftthings.(例如，大象用吸力来捡起轻的物体。然而，为了拿起较重的东西，它们使用吸力来固定物体的位置，并使用躯干包裹来固定和抬起东西)”可知，大象通过灵活结合吸力和象鼻的动作来处理不同的物体。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Weneedtoextractsomesimplifyingprinciplesthatcanmaketherobot’sbehaviorsimpleenoughtobeeffectiveandadaptabletochanges.(我们需要提取一些简化原则，使机器人的行为足够简单，能够有效地适应变化)”可知，研究人员转化生物数据是为了改进机器人的行为，使其更有效并适应变化。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientiststhinkthattheyareanincredibleinspirationforthenextgenerationofbioinspired(仿生)robots.(科学家们认为他们对下一代仿生机器人有着不可思议的启发)”可知，文章主要介绍了象鼻的功能及其对软体机器人设计的启发。所以短文的最佳标题为B选项“象鼻：软体机器人的灵感来源”。故选B。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分）Howlongdoesittaketobeeanelite(精英)inyourfield?___16___That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.___17___TheresearchfocusedonpeoplelikeMozartandPicassotodeterminehowlongittookthemtobeeworldclassattheircraft.Let’stalkaboutwhatHayeshasdiscoveredaboutworldclassperformers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyourgoalsandbeeyourbest.___18___Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebeesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebeesworldclass?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76posers.Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachposerscareer.___19___Whathediscoveredwasthatvirtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthyearoftheposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.___20___Infollowupstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfamouspaintersandpopularpoets.ThesefindingshavebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrevealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”tobeeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirsparetime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcreatorsinhistory.D.HayesstartedhisresearchbyexaminingsuccessfulposersE.ProfessorHayesbegantorefertothisperiodasthe“tenyearsofsilence”.F.Andwhatdothesuccessfulpeopledodifferentlythantherestofus?G.Andthenhecalculatedhowlongtheyhadbeenworkingbeforetheycreatedtheirpopularworks.【答案】16.F17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了JohnHayes教授对于成为顶级精英所需时间的研究。通过分析莫扎特、毕加索等大师的作品，Hayes发现几乎所有杰作都是在创作者生涯的第十年后诞生的，强调了“十年沉默期”的重要性【16题详解】上文“Howlongdoesittaketobeeanelite(精英)inyourfield?(成为你所在领域的精英需要多长时间？)”以及下文“That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.(这正是卡内基梅隆大学认知心理学教授JohnHayes想要知道的)”说明JohnHayes想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。空处和前文并列提出关于精英的问题，并引出下文。F项“成功人士与我们其他人有什么不同之处？”符合语境。故选F。【17题详解】上文“Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.(几十年来，海斯一直在研究努力、实践和知识在优秀员工中的作用)”说明Hayes教授多年研究顶尖表现者所付出的努力、练习和知识的作用。空处顺接前文，继续说明他的研究特点或范围，并引出下文。C项中的He指代前文中的Hayes，“themosttalentedcreators

”和下文中的“peoplelikeMozartandPicasso”相呼应，所以C项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者。”符合语境。故选C。【18题详解】下文“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebeesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebeesworldclass?”(他分析了1685年至1900年间创作的数千首乐曲。推动他工作的核心问题是，“一个人对音乐感兴趣多久后，他才能成为世界级的？”)”说明本段主要介绍了JohnHayes研究了世界级表演者，以及如何利用这些见解实现目标。所以D项“海斯的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境，适合引出本段，该项中的“byexaminingsuccessfulposers”和下文中的“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpieces”相呼应。故选D。【19题详解】上文“Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachposerscareer.

(海斯为每一位作曲家的职业生涯绘制了时间表)”说明Hayes绘制了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。空处顺承上文，进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G项中的they

指代前文中的“posers”，说明JohnHayes计算了他们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。所以G项“然后他计算了他们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。”符合语境。故选G。【20题详解】上文“Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.(没有一个人在不先投入十年实践的情况下创作出令人难以置信的作品。即使是像莫扎特这样的天才，也必须工作至少十年才能创作出受欢迎的作品)”说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前面的现象进行总结性命名。E项中的“thisperiod”指代前文中的“workforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular”，所以E项“海斯教授开始将这段时期称为“沉默的十年”。”符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasthemostdestructivewildfireinCaliforniahistory.ItstartedinParadise(天堂镇)andcaused$16.5billionin___21___,destroyingnearly19,000buildingsandkilling85inall.Thebeautyofthis___22___namedplacewasgone.Grammer,workinginLosAngeles,grewupthere.WhenhisfriendEdwardspostedpicturesofhiswhitechimney—theonlypartofhishousetosurvive—hefelt___23___.Andthenhehadanidea.“I’vegotto___24___thatchimney,”hesays,“I’mnottryingtosayanything.I’manartist.Itwasanopportunityformeto___25___.”Grammerspentthreehourspaintinganimageofawomanonthe___26___—areminderofthechimney,ofthebeautyoflife,orevenjustof___27___itself.GrammerpostedtheimageonInstagram.Thosewhowereaffectedbythefire,___28___,couldnotcalmdown.Someone___29___,“Youbringbeautyandhope.”Greatlyinspired,Grammerreturnedeighttimes.Outsideonehouse,hefoundaphotoofagirl,Eleanor.Hepaintedapictureofheronthewallofherhomeleft_____30_____.Itwasastampthatlifewashereandthatlifecan_____31_____tobehere.Thepaintinghas_____32_____meaningforthehomeowner.Eleanor’sfather,recallshowsheusedtoplayjustfeetaway.Eleanorherselfreturnedonceto_____33_____thepainting.Ironically(讽刺的是)thatfirstpainting,onthechimneyinParadise,_____34_____onlyafewmonths—thebulldozer(推土机)isacruelartcritic.However,Grammercouldn’tbemoredelighted.Itmeansthatthe_____35_____ofParadiseisrisingagain.21.A.damage B.collection C.debt D.reserve22.A.basically B.generally C.beautifully D.seriously23.A.disappointed B.interested C.helpless D.fearless24.A.beautify B.paint C.build D.repair25.A.succeed B.improve C.practice D.express26.A.chimney B.wall C.window D.door27.A.art B.life C.nature D.beauty28.A.onaverage B.ingeneral C.onearth D.inparticular29.A.argued B.insisted C.posted D.suggested30.A.standing B.existing C.fallen D.destroyed31.A.pretend B.afford C.continue D.decide32.A.new B.special C.practical D.real33.A.copy B.handle C.donate D.admire34.A.flashed B.suffered C.survived D.waited35.A.spirit B.size C.fame D.power【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.B25.D26.A27.B28.D29.C30.A31.C32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术家Grammer在加州历史上最具破坏性的野火之后，在废墟上创作画作，为受灾者带来希望和美的故事。Grammer的画作不仅是对废墟的纪念，更是对生命之美的赞美，给受灾者带来了极大的安慰和鼓舞。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它始于天堂镇，造成165亿美元损失，摧毁了近1.9万栋建筑，造成85人死亡。A.damage损坏；B.collection收集；C.debt债务；D.reserve预订，保留。根据下文的“destroyingnearly19,000buildings,killing85peopleandleaving50,000othershomeless”可知，此处是野火带来的“损坏”。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个有美好命名之地的美已经消失了。A.basically基本上；B.generally普遍地；C.beautifully美好地；D.seriously严重地。根据上文“ItstartedinParadise

(天堂镇)

”可知，天堂镇有着美好的名字，火灾后，它的美消失了。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他的朋友爱德华兹上传了他的白色烟囱的照片时——这是他房子里唯一幸存下来的部分——他感到很无助。A.disappointed感到失望的；B.interested感兴趣的；C.helpless无助的；D.fearless无畏的。根据空前“postedpicturesofhiswhitechimney—theonlypartofhishousetosurvive”及常识可知，看到这种情景，他感到无助。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我得画那个烟囱。”A.beautify使美丽；B.paint画，绘画；C.build建造；D.repair修理。根据下文“Grammerspentthreehourspaintinganimageofawoman...”可知，Grammer决定画烟囱。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我表达的机会。A.succeed成功；B.improve提高；C.practice练习；D.express表达。根据上文“I’manartist.”和下文“Grammerspentthreehourspaintinganimageofawomanonthe6 —areminderofthechimney,ofthebeautyoflife”可知，这是艺术家Grammer表达自己思想的机会。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格拉默花了三个小时在烟囱上画了一个女人的形象——让人想起烟囱，想起生命的美丽，甚至是生命本身。A.chimney烟囱；B.wall墙；C.window窗户；D.

door门。根据下文“areminderofthechimney”可知，此处指“烟囱”。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格拉默花了三个小时在烟囱上画了一个女人的形象——提醒人们烟囱，提醒人们生活的美丽，甚至提醒人们生活本身。A.art艺术；B.